scholarly journals A Review on Causes of Climate Change: Challenges and Opportunities for Livestock Production in the Tropics

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Girma Defar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Tropics

scholarly journals Climatic and local stressor interactions threaten tropical forests and coral reefs

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1794) ◽  
pp. 20190116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe M. França ◽  
Cassandra E. Benkwitt ◽  
Guadalupe Peralta ◽  
James P. W. Robinson ◽  
Nicholas A. J. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Tropics

Tropical forests and coral reefs host a disproportionately large share of global biodiversity and provide ecosystem functions and services used by millions of people. Yet, ongoing climate change is leading to an increase in frequency and magnitude of extreme climatic events in the tropics, which, in combination with other local human disturbances, is leading to unprecedented negative ecological consequences for tropical forests and coral reefs. Here, we provide an overview of how and where climate extremes are affecting the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth and summarize how interactions between global, regional and local stressors are affecting tropical forest and coral reef systems through impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. We also discuss some key challenges and opportunities to promote mitigation and adaptation to a changing climate at local and global scales. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions'.

scholarly journals Livestock production in a changing climate: adaptation and mitigation research in Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverley Henry ◽  
Ed Charmley ◽  
Richard Eckard ◽  
John B. Gaughan ◽  
Roger Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Animal Agriculture ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Climate change presents a range of challenges for animal agriculture in Australia. Livestock production will be affected by changes in temperature and water availability through impacts on pasture and forage crop quantity and quality, feed-grain production and price, and disease and pest distributions. This paper provides an overview of these impacts and the broader effects on landscape functionality, with a focus on recent research on effects of increasing temperature, changing rainfall patterns, and increased climate variability on animal health, growth, and reproduction, including through heat stress, and potential adaptation strategies. The rate of adoption of adaptation strategies by livestock producers will depend on perceptions of the uncertainty in projected climate and regional-scale impacts and associated risk. However, management changes adopted by farmers in parts of Australia during recent extended drought and associated heatwaves, trends consistent with long-term predicted climate patterns, provide some insights into the capacity for practical adaptation strategies. Animal production systems will also be significantly affected by climate change policy and national targets to address greenhouse gas emissions, since livestock are estimated to contribute ~10% of Australia’s total emissions and 8–11% of global emissions, with additional farm emissions associated with activities such as feed production. More than two-thirds of emissions are attributed to ruminant animals. This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities facing livestock industries in Australia in adapting to and mitigating climate change. It examines the research needed to better define practical options to reduce the emissions intensity of livestock products, enhance adaptation opportunities, and support the continued contribution of animal agriculture to Australia’s economy, environment, and regional communities.

scholarly journals Temperate Fruit Trees under Climate Change: Challenges for Dormancy and Chilling Requirements in Warm Winter Regions

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Abdel-Moety Salama ◽  
Ahmed Ezzat ◽  
Hassan El-Ramady ◽  
Shamel M. Alam-Eldein ◽  
Sameh Okba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Warm Winter ◽  
Winter Chill ◽  
Chilling Requirements ◽  
The Tropics

Adequate chill is of great importance for successful production of deciduous fruit trees. However, temperate fruit trees grown under tropical and subtropical regions may face insufficient winter chill, which has a crucial role in dormancy and productivity. The objective of this review is to discuss the challenges for dormancy and chilling requirements of temperate fruit trees, especially in warm winter regions, under climate change conditions. After defining climate change and dormancy, the effects of climate change on various parameters of temperate fruit trees are described. Then, dormancy breaking chemicals and organic compounds, as well as some aspects of the mechanism of dormancy breaking, are demonstrated. After this, the relationships between dormancy and chilling requirements are delineated and challenging aspects of chilling requirements in climate change conditions and in warm winter environments are demonstrated. Experts have sought to develop models for estimating chilling requirements and dormancy breaking in order to improve the adaption of temperate fruit trees under tropical and subtropical environments. Some of these models and their uses are described in the final section of this review. In conclusion, global warming has led to chill deficit during winter, which may become a limiting factor in the near future for the growth of temperate fruit trees in the tropics and subtropics. With the increasing rate of climate change, improvements in some managing tools (e.g., discovering new, more effective dormancy breaking organic compounds; breeding new, climate-smart cultivars in order to solve problems associated with dormancy and chilling requirements; and improving dormancy and chilling forecasting models) have the potential to solve the challenges of dormancy and chilling requirements for temperate fruit tree production in warm winter fruit tree growing regions.

Cross-breeding cattle for milk production in the tropics: achievements, challenges and opportunities

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Galukande ◽  
H. Mulindwa ◽  
M. Wurzinger ◽  
R. Roschinsky ◽  
A.O. Mwai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Tropics

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities of a Forthcoming Strategic Assessment of the Implications of International Climate Change Mitigation Commitments for Individual Undertakings in Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3747
Author(s):  
Robert Gibson ◽  
Karine Péloffy ◽  
Meinhard Doelle
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Interpretation ◽  
Strategic Assessment ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Change Mitigation

Canada is preparing to initiate a challenging, but potentially ground-breaking, strategic assessment on the implications of its climate change mitigation commitments for project assessments. The strategic assessment is immediately needed to provide project-level guidance for decision makers who will be required under new federal legislation to consider the extent to which each assessed project “contributes to sustainability” and “hinders or contributes to” meeting Canada’s climate commitments. However, Canada, like many other countries, has not yet translated its Paris Agreement climate commitments into an adequate suite of specific policies, pathways, budgets, and other directives for compliance. Consequently, the climate commitments’ strategic assessment will need to play a fully strategic role—in policy development as well as policy interpretation and elaboration for assessment purposes. This paper outlines the key considerations and required steps for a strategic assessment that fills the policy gap between Paris and projects, and develops guidance centred on a suite of tests for evaluating proposed major projects that may have important effects on Canada’s prospects for meeting its climate commitments.

Selection and breeding strategies for sustainable livestock production in developing countries, with particular reference to dairy cattle production

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Variable Environments ◽  
Breeding Objectives ◽  
Breed Improvement ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractBreeding strategies for sustainable livestock production in developing countries are discussed with reference to breeding objectives in more uniform environments of temperate regions and to those in stressful and highly variable environments of the tropics. The relative importance of breeding objectives to be based not on single performance traits but also on fitness traits is discussed in relation to production efficiency. With particular reference to breeding strategies for dairy production the following aspects are referred to: assessment of scope for performance improvement; the rôle of local breeds in stressful environments; the need for potential assessment and options for breed improvement; the use of exotic breeds; and the need for comparative field performance test as part of improvement schemes.

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