Income Diversification and Household Well-Being: A Case Study in Rural Areas of Bangladesh

Abstract This chapter examines the gendered effects of drought-induced migration in rural Morocco for settler migrants and farmers who stay behind in sending communities. Due to state investments in irrigation, the Saiss plains of Morocco are experiencing rural-rural migration as an adaptive strategy for many who are escaping climate change and unemployment, to take advantage of labor opportunities in agricultural sectors elsewhere. The well-being and decision making power of male and female migrants in receiving communities (Betit and Sidi Slimane) and women staying behind in sending communities (Ain Jemaa) are examined. The chapter begins with a literature review on decision making power, gender, migration, and work in rural areas. Following this, the case study characteristics are presented, which detail how climate change is fueling migration, gender norms in host and sending communities, as well as the gender dynamics in accessing economic opportunities and decision making power. The chapter ends with recommendations to strengthen the women's decision making power as migration continues, with a focus on strengthening landed property ownership for women.

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The Role of Local Community Associations as Intermediaries: A Multiple Case Study in A Rural Area

STI Policy and Management Journal ◽

10.14203/stipm.2020.175 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pratiwi Pratiwi

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Social Inclusion ◽

Local Community ◽

Multiple Case Study ◽

Well Being ◽

Community Associations ◽

Tourism Product ◽

Multiple Case

<p>Intermediary actors in rural areas are expected to stimulate not only economic growth but also social inclusion. The studies of innovation intermediaries in rural areas are under-researched. This study investigates the role, capabilities, and the outcome of the engagement of local community associations as intermediaries in different sectors such as agriculture, food processing, and tourism product. This study describes the way innovation promotes rural development. This research employs a multiple case study method and analyzes data triangulation. The interviews have indicated that intermediaries in different sectors need to play different roles due to their sector drivers, stakeholders, and challenges. This study also describes the outcome of the engagement of the intermediaries in increasing well-being, trust among stakeholders, and local people capability to innovate. Further, the study draws policy recommendations for the governments to enhance the skills and impact of the intermediaries, including collaborations, proposal competition, annual awards, organizational learning, training, and benchmarking.</p>

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Serving the low-income consumer in a rich economy: Dollar General racks up sales

Journal of Business Strategy ◽

10.1108/jbs-06-2021-0104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Glyn Atwal ◽

Douglas Bryson

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Business Strategy ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Success Factors ◽

Low Cost ◽

Well Being ◽

Content Type ◽

The Usa

Purpose The conceptualization of the Base of Pyramid (BOP) proposes that low-income markets can lead to profitable opportunities for businesses. The purpose of this study is to identify key success factors of a BOP business strategy based on a case study of the discount retailer, Dollar General, in the USA. Design/methodology/approach The research design used in this research is an in-depth case study of Dollar General in the USA. Qualitative methods are applied in both the primary and secondary data collection and during the follow-on data analysis of Dollar General. Findings Dollar General’s strategic profile is achieved through the combination of the following four actions which are tailored to compete effectively at the BOP in the USA: creating the neighborhood discounter, raising aspirational appeal, reducing service and eliminating internationalization. Research limitations/implications The case is specific to Dollar General in a US cultural context. Practical implications The case of Dollar General demonstrates how a discounter retailer should not only follow a low-cost strategy to compete at the BOP. Its ability to craft a distinctive strategy is coherent with meeting the logistical, rational and emotional needs of the low-income consumer in the USA. Social implications Many businesses have neglected rural areas of the USA as being unprofitable. The ability for businesses such as Dollar General to serve the BOP segment can foster the socio-economic well-being of communities. Originality/value The overwhelming body of the BOP literature is based on emerging markets. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the few studies to investigate BOP business strategy in the USA.

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A Framework for Assessing Benefits of Implemented Nature-Based Solutions

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11236788 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 6788 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Watkin ◽

Ruangpan ◽

Vojinovic ◽

Weesakul ◽

Torres

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Performance Indicator ◽

Well Being ◽

Evaluation Framework ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Using Data ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Set Up ◽

Selection Of

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are solutions that can protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems in urban and rural areas, while providing many benefits and co-benefits including stormwater mitigation, biodiversity enhancement, and human well-being. As such, NBS have the potential to alleviate many of the environmental, social, and economic issues that we face today. Grey infrastructure, such as lined trenches and catch basins, pipes, and concrete dikes are frequently used for stormwater management and flood protection, but they do not provide many of the co-benefits that are common with NBS. Grey infrastructure is designed to quickly collect and remove rainwater, whereas NBS keep rainwater where it falls, and where it can be used by the environment. Many stakeholders lack knowledge of the capabilities and benefits of NBS, and as a result, they continue to rely on grey infrastructure in their projects. When information is made available on the benefits and how they can be quantitatively measured, it is hoped that NBS will be promoted to a mainstream infrastructure choice. A valuable way to quantify and highlight the benefits of NBS is by using an evaluation framework. There are several evaluation frameworks that qualitatively assess the potential benefits of possible NBS, however there is a need for quantitative frameworks that can assess the actual benefits (or performance) of implemented (or existing) NBS. This article presents an evaluation framework that aims to quantify the benefits and co-benefits of implemented NBS. The framework involves five main steps: (1) selection of NBS benefit categories, (2) selection of NBS indicators, (3) calculation of indicator values, (4) calculation of NBS grade, and (5) recommendations. The outcome of the framework is a single numerical grade that reflects the benefit functioning for an NBS site and values for each performance indicator. This information may be used by decision makers to determine their budget allocations to expand or construct a new NBS site, to update maintenance plans that will improve the benefits of that site, to set up programs to monitor the NBS benefits and co-benefits over time, and to schedule labour and resources for other NBS projects. The framework was tested and validated on a case study of NBS in Thailand. Through conversations with stakeholders and knowledge of the case study area, relevant categories and indicators were chosen. Using data and information obtained through various means, values for each indicator and the overall NBS grade were calculated. The values revealed which benefits were pronounced, those that were weak, and where improvements were required.

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Evaluation of Household Food Waste Generation in Hanoi and Policy Implications towards SDGs Target 12.3

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12166565 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 6565

Author(s):

Chen Liu ◽

Trung Thang Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Food Waste ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Well Being ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Waste Generation Rate

The issue of food waste, especially in developing economies, is a puzzle. Hanoi was selected as a case study to examine the current situation of food waste generated by consumers through daily habits/practices and to evaluate options for preventing and reducing food waste at the policy level through a literature/policy review and interview-style survey. An analysis of responses found that the self-reported food waste generation rate in Hanoi averaged 1192 g/day/household in urban areas and 1694 g/day/household in rural areas; cooking waste generated during meal processing/preparation accounts for more than 70% of the total; less than 20% of respondents separated out kitchen waste for reuse/recycling before disposal; expiration dates and deteriorating quality were cited as primary reasons for food waste at home in contrast with larger portions and over-ordering outside the home; leftover food is used indirectly as animal feed in urban areas and directly in rural areas; and most respondents indicate a willingness to reduce, reuse, and recycle food waste. To achieve SDG target 12.3, policymakers and practitioners must develop comprehensive food waste policies and actions targeting the entire supply chain, implement practical food waste management systems, and promote sufficiency strategies for saving food, reducing food waste, and maintaining health and well-being.

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Monitoring India’s National Sanitation Campaign (2014–2020)

10.19088/slh.2021.011 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Santosh Mehrotra

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Central Government ◽

Tap Water ◽

Well Being ◽

Open Defecation ◽

Target Setting ◽

Lessons Learnt

In 2011, India had more phone users (around 54 per cent of households) and television access (33 per cent) in rural areas than people with access to tap water (31 per cent) and toilet facilities (31 per cent), according to Census 2011. This clearly indicates the failure of government programmes to change the centuries-old practice of defecation in the open. This neglect of safe sanitation has had catastrophic outcomes in terms of human well-being. This case study is an analysis of the latest central government Swachch Bharat Mission - Gramin (Clean India Mission - Rural) (or SBM-G), which has achieved much greater success than any hitherto government effort in providing access to and use of toilets, especially in rural areas where the need is greatest. However, any conception of achieving ODF status, or free of open defecation, in a village (or any limited geography) is more than merely building toilets. The Sanitation Learning Hub commissioned case studies of sanitation campaigns in both India and Nepal, drawing out the lessons learnt for other countries wishing to implement similar initiatives. Both case studies focus on how target setting and feedback and reporting mechanisms can be used to increase the quality of campaigns.

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MEETING EXOTIC LANDSCAPES AND DELICATE NATURE OF THE INNER SELF: TWO SIDES OF THE “VIE AU GRAND AIR” NEAR “GÉANT DE PROVENCE” (FRANCE)

Folia Turistica ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.2419 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

pp. 67-84

Author(s):

Gille Lecocq

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Sustainable Tourism ◽

Well Being ◽

Sport Tourism ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

The People ◽

Inner Self ◽

The Impact ◽

Two Sides

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to identify an intelligible network of human activities that are dedicated to health tourism and sports tourism and that have been the subject of intercultural controversies generating innovations. Method. Developing an inter-disciplinary historical and mixed-method approach to a regional sustainable tourism project and describing how subjective well-being influences sport practices, body ecology and existential authenticity. Findings. A sport tourism destination allows an individual to, firstly, improve his or her state of corporeal health and, secondly, reveal a new mode of feeling that is not only about performance but also about the inner freedom and immersive vulnerability that are scarce but essential resources. Research and conclusions limitations. This case study is limited to a valley which is located on the northeast side of Mont Ventoux. Some comparisons will have to be made with other specific tourist sites that are closed to this valley. Practical implications. The authenticity of a tourist system cannot be content with artifices that are not closely shared with inhabitants. Therefore, the impact of innovations in rural areas requires taking archaeology of individual stories and collective histories into account. Stories and histories allow perceiving the outlines of sustainable tourism where growth in consumption is associated with the maintenance, protection and diversification of bio-ecosystems. Originality. Innovations which emerge in a hinterland have to be tested from the authentic perspective of people coming from elsewhere and who cross the authentic views of the people of here. Then, when a hinterland agrees to open itself to the strangeness of what is foreign to it, a fundamental process is to be encouraged: the that recognises the different forms of heritage that make up the identity of this hinterland. Type of paper. Case study.

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Similarities in Pentecostal and traditional African culture: a positive potential in a context of urbanization and modernization

Verbum et Ecclesia ◽

10.4102/ve.v27i1.141 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 339-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R Ingram

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Social Structure ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Well Being ◽

Special Focus ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

African Culture ◽

Positive Potential ◽

The City

This article reflects the findings of a study that was conducted by NOVA (a research organization for the alleviation of poverty) for CDE (the Centre of Development and Enterprise) in 2004 with regard to the potential contribution of Pentecostalism to the socio-economical well-being of people who are effected by the forces of modernization and urbanisation in South Africa. The case study was conducted among Pentecostal congregations in Witbank with special focus on congregations who serve people who have recently moved from the rural areas to Witbank. We made the interesting discovery that Pentecostal congregations do not serve as a new spiritual and social home for these new-comers by accident, but because their are underlying cultural similarities between Pentecostalism and Traditional African Culture. These similarities pertain to cosmology, social structure, personhood, morality and the value of esthetical experience. Because of these similarities Pentecostal communities create a context in which people who move from the rural areas to the city may feel at home and in which they are protected from the strange and confusing environment that is the city.

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Place-Based Policies for Sustainability and Rural Development: The Case of a Portuguese Village “Spun” in Traditional Linen

Social Sciences ◽

10.3390/socsci8100289 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 289 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vasta ◽

Figueiredo ◽

Valente ◽

Vihinen ◽

Nieto-Romero

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Rural Development ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Policy Instruments ◽

Well Being ◽

Local Material ◽

Development Policies ◽

Recent Debate ◽

Rural Development Policies

In recent decades, European rural development policies have transitioned toward a more place-based approach. This claim rests on the assumption that the diversity of resources within rural areas can be a potential source for place-shaping practices and sustainability. Moreover, this shift away from a top-down sectorial toward a more territorial focus has also shed light on the importance of agency, relations, and how people engage. Many rural areas in Europe, and particularly in Portugal, have seen a withdrawal of focus away from agriculture toward more diversified activities, where place-based approaches can untap local potential, stimulate sustainable place-shaping practices, and create significant well-being. However, some rural communities have difficulties in capitalizing on them due to unfavorable demographics such as depopulation and aging, a focus on traditional industries, and a lack of technical knowledge. The aim of the article is to discuss the role of place-based policies for enabling place-shaping practices revolving around traditional resources in rural areas and their contribution to sustainability. The study briefly highlights the recent debate around European rural development policies and illustrates their implementation through place-shaping practices via a case study in a Portuguese rural village—Várzea de Calde. The village revalorized itself and is trying to tackle marginalization processes through its traditional linen, which is a local material and immaterial resource, via collective agency and a strong sense of identity. The case study will provide empirical insights in discussing the effects of sustainable place-shaping practices stimulating by place-based policy instruments. Our conclusions highlight the positive contributions toward sustainability through improvements in social (e.g., identity) and economic well-being.

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CONTEMPORARY ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN POVERTY: A CASE STUDY OF MALAYSIA

The Hong Kong Journal of Social Work ◽

10.1142/s0219246210000148 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 44 (02) ◽

pp. 135-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

AZLINDA AZMAN ◽

JAMALLUDIN SULAIMAN ◽

SAIDATULAKMAL MOHD ◽

ISMAIL BABA

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Well Being ◽

Absolute Poverty ◽

Official Statistics ◽

Disadvantaged Group ◽

The Poor ◽

The Absolute ◽

Poor Population

Poverty in Malaysia has decreased significantly from a relative high of more than 50% before independence in 1957 to less than 10% today. The incidence of hardcore or the absolute poor is less than 1%, according to official statistics in 2007. And, it is Malaysia's aim to achieve zero absolute poverty by 2015. However, the rate of poverty reduction based on recent data appears to have slowed down beginning the mid 1990s. The slowdown in poverty reduction raises serious concern as this affects the well-being of this disadvantaged group of population. Generally, the poor in Malaysia are the aged households, female and live in the rural areas. Several studies conducted in 2007–2008 identified several issues relating to poverty in the country. This paper will analyse some of the issues and suggest practical solutions that will benefit the poor population.

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