Growth and Lipid Production of Two Microalgae Strains in Pilot Scale (35 L) Panel Photobioreactors

Poultry litter extract (PLE) was treated using a microbial consortium dominated by the filamentous cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. in synergy with heterotrophic microorganisms of the poultry waste. Laboratory- and pilot-scale experiments were conducted under aerobic conditions using suspended and attached growth photobioreactors. Different dilutions of the extract were performed, leading to different initial pollutant (nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved chemical oxygen demand (d-COD), total sugars) concentrations. Significant nutrient removal rates, biomass productivity, and maximum lipid production were determined for all the systems examined. Higher d-COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, and total sugars removal were recorded in the attached growth reactors in both laboratory- (up to 94.0%, 88.2%, 97.4%, and 79.3%, respectively) and pilot-scale experiments (up to 82.0%, 69.4%, 81.0%, and 83.8%, respectively). High total biomass productivities were also recorded in the pilot-scale attached growth experiments (up to 335.3 mg L−1d−1). The produced biomass contained up to 19.6% lipids (w/w) on a dry weight basis, while the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids accounted for more than 70% of the total fatty acids, indicating a potential biodiesel production system. We conclude that the processing systems developed in this work can efficiently treat PLE and simultaneously produce lipids suitable as feedstock in the biodiesel manufacture.

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Continuous Production of Lipids with Microchloropsis salina in Open Thin-Layer Cascade Photobioreactors on a Pilot Scale

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14020500 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 500

Author(s):

Torben Schädler ◽

Anna-Lena Thurn ◽

Thomas Brück ◽

Dirk Weuster-Botz

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Continuous Production ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Reactor Model ◽

Hydraulic Residence Time ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Lipid Formation ◽

Kinetics Of

Studies on microalgal lipid production as a sustainable feedstock for biofuels and chemicals are scarce, particularly those on applying open thin-layer cascade (TLC) photobioreactors under dynamic diurnal conditions. Continuous lipid production with Microchloropsis salina was studied in scalable TLC photobioreactors at 50 m2 pilot scale, applying a physically simulated Mediterranean summer climate. A cascade of two serially connected TLC reactors was applied, promoting biomass growth under nutrient-replete conditions in the first reactor, while inducing the accumulation of lipids via nitrogen limitation in the second reactor. Up to 4.1 g L−1 of lipids were continuously produced at productivities of up to 0.27 g L−1 d−1 (1.8 g m2 d−1) at a mean hydraulic residence time of 2.5 d in the first reactor and 20 d in the second reactor. Coupling mass balances with the kinetics of microalgal growth and lipid formation enabled the simulation of phototrophic process performances of M. salina in TLC reactors in batch and continuous operation at the climate conditions studied. This study demonstrates the scalability of continuous microalgal lipid production in TLC reactors with M. salina and provides a TLC reactor model for the realistic simulation of microalgae lipid production processes after re-identification of the model parameters if other microalgae and/or varying climate conditions are applied.

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Construction of a tank in pilot scale for microalgae cultivation aiming lipid production

Revista dos Trabalhos de Iniciação Científica da UNICAMP ◽

10.20396/revpibic2620181362 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Vitor Bezerra Lopes ◽

Leonardo Vasconcelos Fregolente ◽

Luisa Rios Pinto ◽

Gabriela Filipinii Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Lipid Production ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Scale Up ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Industrial Scale ◽

Microalgae Cultivation ◽

The Future ◽

Mixotrophic Conditions

The cultivation of two microalgae species was conducted under mixotrophic conditions, followed by lipid extraction to evaluate possible applications. Monitoring its growth, it is possible to optimize this process to increase both biomass and lipid productions, and in the future, gradually scale up to the possible use of this study in a pilot or industrial scale.

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Upscaling of foam forming technology for pilot scale

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj18.8.461 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

JANI LEHMONEN ◽

TIMO RANTANEN ◽

KARITA KINNUNEN-RAUDASKOSKI

Keyword(s):

Production Efficiency ◽

Strength Loss ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Foam Density ◽

Forming Process ◽

Production Scale ◽

Forming Technology ◽

Wet Pressing ◽

Foam Forming ◽

Board Industry

The need for production cost savings and changes in the global paper and board industry during recent years have been constants. Changes in the global paper and board industry during past years have increased the need for more cost-efficient processes and production technologies. It is known that in paper and board production, foam typically leads to problems in the process rather than improvements in production efficiency. Foam forming technology, where foam is used as a carrier phase and a flowing medium, exploits the properties of dispersive foam. In this study, the possibility of applying foam forming technology to paper applications was investigated using a pilot scale paper forming environment modified for foam forming from conventional water forming. According to the results, the shape of jet-to-wire ratios was the same in both forming methods, but in the case of foam forming, the achieved scale of jet-to-wire ratio and MD/CD-ratio were wider and not behaving sensitively to shear changes in the forming section as a water forming process would. This kind of behavior would be beneficial when upscaling foam technology to the production scale. The dryness results after the forming section indicated the improvement in dewatering, especially when foam density was at the lowest level (i.e., air content was at the highest level). In addition, the dryness results after the pressing section indicated a faster increase in the dryness level as a function of foam density, with all density levels compared to the corresponding water formed sheets. According to the study, the bonding level of water- and foam-laid structures were at the same level when the highest wet pressing value was applied. The results of the study show that the strength loss often associated with foam forming can be compensated for successfully through wet pressing.

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Application of a Pilot-Scale Pulsed Electrocoagulation system to OCC-Based Paper Mill Effluent

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj8.3.14 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 14-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

YUAN-SHING PERNG ◽

EUGENE I-CHEN WANG ◽

SHIH-TSUNG YU ◽

AN-YI CHANG

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Quality Indicators ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Optimal Dosage ◽

Water Quality Indicators ◽

Paper Mill Effluent ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

True Color

Trends toward closure of white water recirculation loops in papermaking often lead to a need for system modifications. We conducted a pilot-scale study using pulsed electrocoagulation technology to treat the effluent of an old corrugated containerboard (OCC)-based paper mill in order to evaluate its treatment performance. The operating variables were a current density of 0–240 A/m2, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8–16 min, and a coagulant (anionic polyacrylamide) dosage of 0–22 mg/L. Water quality indicators investigated were electrical con-ductivity, suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and true color. The results were encouraging. Under the operating conditions without coagulant addition, the highest removals for conductivity, SS, COD, and true color were 39.8%, 85.7%, 70.5%, and 97.1%, respectively (with an HRT of 16 min). The use of a coagulant enhanced the removal of both conductivity and COD. With an optimal dosage of 20 mg/L and a shortened HRT of 10 min, the highest removal achieved for the four water quality indicators were 37.7%, 88.7%, 74.2%, and 91.7%, respectively. The water qualities thus attained should be adequate to allow reuse of a substantial portion of the treated effluent as process water makeup in papermaking.

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Pilot-scale combustion studies with kraft lignin in a powder burner and a CFB boiler

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj9.6.24 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 24-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

NIKLAS BERGLIN ◽

PER TOMANI ◽

HASSAN SALMAN ◽

SOLVIE HERSTAD SVÄRD ◽

LARS-ERIK ÅMAND

Keyword(s):

Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽

Black Liquor ◽

Chloride Content ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

High Energy ◽

Kraft Lignin ◽

High Energy Density ◽

Alkali Chloride ◽

Cfb Boiler ◽

Solid Biofuel

Processes have been developed to produce a solid biofuel with high energy density and low ash content from kraft lignin precipitated from black liquor. Pilot-scale tests of the lignin biofuel were carried out with a 150 kW powder burner and a 12 MW circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. Lignin powder could be fired in a powder burner with good combustion performance after some trimming of the air flows to reduce swirl. Lignin dried to 10% moisture content was easy to feed smoothly and had less bridging tendencies in the feeding system than did wood/bark powder. In the CFB boiler, lignin was easily handled and cofired together with bark. Although the filter cake was broken into smaller pieces and fines, the combustion was not disturbed. When cofiring lignin with bark, the sulfur emission increased compared with bark firing only, but most of the sulfur was captured by calcium in the bark ash. Conventional sulfur capture also occurred with addition of limestone to the bed. The sulfur content in the lignin had a significantly positive effect on reducing the alkali chloride content in the deposits, thus reducing the high temperature corrosion risk.

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