High-Order Effect in Two-Temperature Thermal Lagging to Thermal Responses in Biological Tissue Subjected to Laser Irradiation

In this thesis, a kind of jitter is focused on, which is called Native Jitter (NJ) of the Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO). The cause of NJ is the high order effect of the transistor itself in the VCO, and almost has no correlation with the control voltage or supply. The detailed analysis of the cause and the evaluation of this NJ is proposed in this paper, and an Inter-locked Dual-loop VCO (ID-VCO) is put forward, in which most of the NJ is eliminated. A test chip of the ID-VCO based on 0.18μm CMOS process is established. Compared with the classical single end VCO, the result shows that the peak to peak value and mean-root-square values of period jitter reduce 15.4% and 16.3%, the same values of cycle-to-cycle jitter reduce 9.82% and 6.98%, respectively.

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High-Order Effect and Nonlocal Behavior

Macro- to Microscale Heat Transfer ◽

10.1002/9781118818275.ch12 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 425-490

Keyword(s):

Order Effect ◽

High Order ◽

High Order Effect

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Pulsed infrared laser irradiation of biological tissue: effect of pulse duration and repetition rate

10.1117/12.147672 ◽

1993 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. Duco Jansen ◽

Ravi K. Chundru ◽

Salim A. Samanani ◽

Todd A. Tibbetts ◽

Ashley J. Welch

Keyword(s):

Laser Irradiation ◽

Pulse Duration ◽

Biological Tissue ◽

Repetition Rate ◽

Infrared Laser ◽

Infrared Laser Irradiation ◽

Tissue Effect

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Characterization of Thermal Damage Due to Two-Temperature High-Order Thermal Lagging in a Three-Dimensional Biological Tissue Subjected to a Rectangular Laser Pulse

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12040922 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 922

Author(s):

Hamdy M. Youssef ◽

Najat. A. Alghamdi

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Biological Tissue ◽

Thermal Damage ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Bioheat Transfer ◽

Conduction Model ◽

Conductive Temperature ◽

Arrhenius Integral ◽

The Fourier Transform ◽

Two Temperature

The use of lasers and thermal transfers on the skin is fundamental in medical and clinical treatments. In this paper, we constructed and applied bioheat transfer equations in the context of a two-temperature heat conduction model in order to discuss the three-dimensional variation in the temperature of laser-irradiated biological tissue. The amount of thermal damage in the tissue was calculated using the Arrhenius integral. Mathematical difficulties were encountered in applying the equations. As a result, the Laplace and Fourier transform technique was employed, and solutions for the conductive temperature and dynamical temperature were obtained in the Fourier transform domain.

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Temperature rise in biological tissue during Nd:YAG laser irradiation

Lasers in Surgery and Medicine ◽

10.1002/lsm.1900050202 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 75-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

R. Marchesini ◽

S. Andreola ◽

H. Emanuelli ◽

E. Melloni ◽

A. Schiroli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laser Irradiation ◽

Temperature Rise ◽

Nd:Yag Laser ◽

Biological Tissue

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Pricing Exotic Options under a High-Order Markovian Regime Switching Model

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences ◽

10.1155/2007/18014 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Wai-Ki Ching ◽

Tak-Kuen Siu ◽

Li-Min Li

Keyword(s):

Regime Switching ◽

Order Effect ◽

High Order ◽

Martingale Measure ◽

Exotic Options ◽

Lookback Options ◽

Path Dependent ◽

Markovian Regime Switching ◽

The Impact ◽

Markovian Regime

We consider the pricing of exotic options when the price dynamics of the underlying risky asset are governed by a discrete-time Markovian regime-switching process driven by an observable, high-order Markov model (HOMM). We assume that the market interest rate, the drift, and the volatility of the underlying risky asset's return switch over time according to the states of the HOMM, which are interpreted as the states of an economy. We will then employ the well-known tool in actuarial science, namely, the Esscher transform to determine an equivalent martingale measure for option valuation. Moreover, we will also investigate the impact of the high-order effect of the states of the economy on the prices of some path-dependent exotic options, such as Asian options, lookback options, and barrier options.

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