Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys—Experimental Investigation and Optimization Using Hybrid Grey Relational Analysis and Principal Component Analysis

Friction stir welding of dissimilar materials is investigated experimentally in this work and optimization is performed by applying a hybrid Taguchi-Grey relational analysis-Principal component analysis to maximize the tensile strength and hardness of the weld bead. Two dissimilar metals AA6061 and AZ61 is friction stir welded and considered for the experimentation. Experimental matrix is designed using Taguchi's Design of Experiment (DOE). Optimum inputs rotational speed, axial load and transverse speed is obtained by applying the hybrid optimization technique. Statistical analysis of Multi Response Performance Index (MRPI) through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) shows that axial load is the significant parameter that contributes by 75.67% towards MRPI, followed by transverse speed and rotational speed. Confirmation experiment with optimum condition produces a better friction stir welding joint with higher tensile strength and hardness.

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Effects of process parameters on mechanical and metallurgical properties of AA5083 weld bead and optimization by using Taguchi based grey relational analysis and ANOVA of submerged friction stir welding.

Journal of Engineering Research ◽

10.36909/jer.10001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laxmanaraju salavaravu ◽

◽

Lingaraju Dumpala ◽

Keyword(s):

Friction Stir Welding ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Grey Relational Analysis ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Weld Zone ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Tool Rotational Speed ◽

Friction Stir ◽

Relational Analysis ◽

Grey Relational

Friction stir welding (FSW) can be made to improve the mechanical properties in the weld zone. This article aims to obtain the optimum FSW process parameters used for two plates of AA5083 welded joints. The significant factors in the FSW process are tool rotational speed(TRS), tool transverse speed(TTS), and the weld process conditions are Submerged FSW and Normal FSW. For doing the investigation, the Taguchi method L18 orthogonal array design of experimentation is utilized. Using the Grey Relational Analysis(GRA) to calculate the grey relation grade, the response parameters are tensile strength, microhardness, and surface roughness. The Optimum process parameters contain been recognized, and ANOVA controls the significant contribution of process parameters. The optimal FSW process parameters are used to maximize the FSW joint strength. It is identified in the condition of Submerged FSW, high tool rotational speed, and low TTS.

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Parametric Optimization of Mechanical Properties via FSW on AA5052 Using Taguchi Based Grey Relational Analysis

INCAS BULLETIN ◽

10.13111/2066-8201.2021.13.2.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 21-30

Author(s):

C. CHANAKYAN ◽

S. SIVASANKAR ◽

M. MEIGNANAMOORTHY ◽

S. V. ALAGARSAMY

Keyword(s):

Friction Stir Welding ◽

Aluminium Alloy ◽

Grey Relational Analysis ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Traverse Speed ◽

Tool Rotational Speed ◽

Friction Stir ◽

Relational Analysis ◽

Grey Relational ◽

Tool Pin

The Friction stir processing benefits of aluminium composites contain advanced exploration in the region of aluminium alloy Friction Stir Welding - FSW. The modern advancements in Friction Stir Welding are concentrated on the optimization of welding parameters for multi response attributes. The investigations were carried out with the tool pin profiles, tool rotational speed and traverse speed as predictable process parameters for multi response optimization in Friction Stir Welding of 5052 aluminium alloy. GRG (grey relational grade) was obtained by the grey relational analysis of the friction stir welding process through different qualities, particularly, UTS-ultimate tensile strength and micro hardness. The significant process variables on GRG and most substantial parameters traverse speed and tool pin profiles are examined by ANOVA. Excluding tool rotational speed, tool pin profiles and traverse speed were likewise observed to be significant. To approve the investigation, verification of tests was completed at optimal parameters arrangement and predicted outcomes were observed to be in great concurrence with test values.

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Parametric optimization of friction stir welding process parameters of dissimilar welded joints using grey relational analysis and desirability function approach

World Journal of Engineering ◽

10.1108/wje-10-2021-0570 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Bhanodaya Kiran Babu Nadikudi

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Tilt Angle ◽

Grey Relational Analysis ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Tool Rotational Speed ◽

Content Type ◽

Friction Stir ◽

Relational Analysis ◽

Grey Relational

Purpose The main purpose of the present work is to study the multi response optimization of dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) process parameters using Taguchi-based grey relational analysis and desirability function approach (DFA). Design/methodology/approach The welded sheets were fabricated as per Taguchi orthogonal array design. The effects of tool rotational speed, transverse speed and tool tilt angle process parameters on ultimate tensile strength and hardness were analyzed using grey relational analysis, and DFA and optimum parameters combination was determined. Findings The tensile strength and hardness values were evaluated from the welded joints. The optimum values of process parameters were estimated through grey relational analysis and DFA methods. Similar kind of optimum levels of process parameters were obtained through two optimization approaches as tool rotational speed of 1150 rpm, transverse speed of 24 mm/min and tool tilt angle of 2° are the best process parameters combination for maximizing both the tensile strength and hardness. Through these studies, it was confirmed that grey relational analysis and DFA methods can be used to find the multi response optimum values of FSW process parameters. Research limitations/implications In the present study, the FSW is performed with L9 orthogonal array design with three process parameters such as tool rotational speed, transverse speed and tilt angle and three levels. Practical implications Aluminium alloys are widely using in automotive and aerospace industries due to holding a high strength to weight property. Originality/value Very limited work had been carried out on multi objective optimization techniques such as grey relational analysis and DFA on friction stir welded joints made with dissimilar aluminium alloys sheets.

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