Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) Parameters Analysis for Pyoderma Image Variants

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-358
Author(s):  
Chaahat Gupta ◽  
Naveen Kumar Gondhi ◽  
Parveen Kumar Lehana

Analysis of different visual textures present in the given images is one of the important perspectives of human vision for objects segregation and identification. Texture-based features are widely used in medical diagnosis for informal prediction of dermatological diseases. Dermatological diseases are the most universal diseases affecting all the living beings worldwide. Recent advancements in image processing have considerably improved the classification, identification, and treatment of various dermatological diseases. Present paper reports the results of Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) based texture analysis of skin diseases for parametric variations. The investigations were carried out using three Pyoderma variants (Boil, Carbuncle, and Impetigo Contagiosa) using GLCM. GLCM parameters (Energy, Correlation, Contrast, and Homogeneity) were extracted for each colour component of the images taken for the investigation. Contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity represent the coarseness, linear dependency, textural uniformity, and pixel distribution of the texture, respectively. The analysis of the GLCM parameters and their histograms showed that the said textural features are disease dependent. The approach may be used for the identification of dermatological diseases with satisfactory accuracy by employing a suitable machine learning algorithm.

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (64) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Antonio Jiménez Márquez ◽  
Gabriel Beltrán Maza

This paper shows the results obtained from images processing digitized, taken with a 'smartphone', of 56 samples of crushed olives, using the methodology of the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The values ​​of the appropriate direction (θ) and distance (D) that two pixel with gray tone are neighbourhood, are defined to extract the information of the parameters: Contrast, Correlation, Energy and Homogeneity. The values ​​of these parameters are correlated with several characteristic components of the olives mass: oil content (RGH) and water content (HUM), whose values ​​are in the usual ranges during their processing to obtain virgin olive oil in mills and they contribute to generate different mechanical textures in the mass according to their relationship HUM / RGH. The results indicate the existence of significant correlations of the parameters Contrast, Energy and Homogeneity with the RGH and the HUM, which have allowed to obtain, by means of a multiple linear regression (MLR), mathematical equations that allow to predict both components with a high degree of correlation coefficient, r = 0.861 and r = 0.872 for RGH and HUM respectively. These results suggest the feasibility of textural analysis using GLCM to extract features of interest from digital images of the olives mass, quickly and non-destructively, as an aid in the decision making to optimize the production process of virgin olive oil.


2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Dody Pernadi

Kandungan terhadap kadar nitrogen dan klorofil salah satunya dapat ditentukan dari citra daun. Penelitian ini akan menentukan tekstur citra daun berdasarkan nilai Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix berupa nilai contrast, homogeneity, correlation, energy, dan entropy. Penelitian ini juga akan menghitung kadar nitrogen dan kandungan klorofil daun dengan melakukan pencarian nilai tengah (mean) dari tiap komponen warna RGB yang kemudian ditentukan dengan ruang warna HSI. Hasil ujicoba menunjukkan perhitungan kandungan nitrogen pada citra daun berhasil dilakukan dengan mengekstraksi ruang warna HSI citra daun. Kandungan ini mutlak diperlukan petani dalam menentukan jumlah kadar pemupukan dalam satu jenis tanaman.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Daurat Sinaga ◽  
Feri Agustina ◽  
Noor Ageng Setiyanto ◽  
Suprayogi Suprayogi ◽  
Cahaya Jatmoko

Indonesia is one of the countries with a large number of fauna wealth. Various types of fauna that exist are scattered throughout Indonesia. One type of fauna that is owned is a type of bird animal. Birds are often bred as pets because of their characteristic facial voice and body features. In this study, using the Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) based on the k-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithm. The data used in this study were 66 images which were divided into two, namely 55 training data and 11 testing data. The calculation of the feature value used in this study is based on the value of the GLCM feature extraction such as: contrast, correlation, energy, homogeneity and entropy which will later be calculated using the k-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithm and Eucliden Distance. From the results of the classification process using k-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), it is found that the highest accuracy results lie at the value of K = 1 and at an degree of 0 ° of 54.54%.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maura Widyaningsih

Digital image processing is part of the technological developments in the concepts and reasoning, the human wants the machine (computer) can recognize images like human vision. Recognizing the image is one way to distinguish the traits that exist in the image. Texture is one of the characteristics that distinguish the image, is the basic characteristic of the image identification. Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) is one method of obtaining characteristic texture image by calculating the probability of adjacency relationship between two pixels at a certain distance and direction. The characteristics of texture obtained from GLCM methods include contrast, correlation, homogeneity, and energy. The extracted features are then used for identification with the nearest distance calculations (Eucledian Distance). The final results analysis program to identify the category of apples raw, half-ripe or overripe. Training data used are 12 images apple, consisting of 4 is crude, 4 is half-cooked, and 4 is ripe, 7 data used for testing. Testing GLCM with 00 angle feature extraction results of the test images can be recognized by a factor Eucledian Distance to the query image. Identification of test data is information all the data can be recognized. Eucledian Distance is a method that helps the introduction of a test object data.


Author(s):  
F Fahmi ◽  
Sawaluddin ◽  
U Andayani ◽  
B Siregar

Indonesia's growing area of cultivation and agriculture requires a monitoring system of growingvegetation on it. By using images captured from the top (orthophotos), the result was processedusing algorithms of digital image processing combined with machine learning in order to get theaccurate information of vegetation status. The long-term goal of this program is the establishment ofan independent business unit engaged in the field of orthophotos image sensing for the purposes ofutilization in agriculture, health, territorial mapping, mining, and industrial and governanceindustries requiring sensing results taken from the upper side of the object. For applicationdevelopment, agile methodology is used, while business-side planning use business model canvasand SWOT analysis. With the geospatial orthophotos, it is possible to identify which part of theplantation land is fertile for planted crops, means to grow perfectly. It is also possible furthermoreto identify less fertile in terms of growing but not perfect, and also part of plantation field that is notgrowing at all. This information can be easily known quickly with the use of UAV photos. Theresulting orthophotos image were processed using Matlab including classification of fertile,infertile, and dead palm oil plants by using Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) method.From the results of research conducted with 30 image samples, it was found that the accuracy of thesystem can be reached by using the features extracted from the matrix as parameters Contrast,Correlation, Energy, and Homogeneity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5567
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Baldini ◽  
Jose Luis Hernandez Ramos ◽  
Irene Amerini

The Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is an important tool to mitigate cybersecurity threats in an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure. The function of the IDS is to detect an intrusion to an ICT system or network so that adequate countermeasures can be adopted. Desirable features of IDS are computing efficiency and high intrusion detection accuracy. This paper proposes a new anomaly detection algorithm for IDS, where a machine learning algorithm is applied to detect deviations from legitimate traffic, which may indicate an intrusion. To improve computing efficiency, a sliding window approach is applied where the analysis is applied on large sequences of network flows statistics. This paper proposes a novel approach based on the transformation of the network flows statistics to gray images on which Gray level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) are applied together with an entropy measure recently proposed in literature: the 2D Dispersion Entropy. This approach is applied to the recently public IDS data set CIC-IDS2017. The results show that the proposed approach is competitive in comparison to other approaches proposed in literature on the same data set. The approach is applied to two attacks of the CIC-IDS2017 data set: DDoS and Port Scan achieving respectively an Error Rate of 0.0016 and 0.0048.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Melvin Daniel ◽  
Jangkung Raharjo ◽  
Koredianto Usman

Serious illnesses such as strokes and heart attacks can be triggered by high levels of cholesterol in human blood that exceeds ideal conditions, where the ideal cholesterol level is below 200 mg/dL. To find out cholesterol levels need a long process because the patient must go through a blood sugar test that requires the patient to undergo fasting for 10–12 hours first before the test. Iridology is a branch of science that studies human iris and its relation to the wellness of human internal organs. The method can be used as an alternative for medical analysis. Iridology thus can be used to assess the conditions of organs, body construction, and other psychological conditions. This paper proposes a cholesterol detection system based on the iris image processing using Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). GLCM is used as the feature extraction method of the image, while SVM acts as the classifier of the features. In addition to GLCM and SVM, this paper also construct a preprocessing method which consist of image resizing, segmentation, and color image to gray level conversion of the iris image. These steps are necessary before the GLCM feature extraction step can be applied. In principle, the GLCM method is a construction of a matrix containing the information about the proximity position of gray level images pixels. The output of GLCM is fed to the SVM that relies on the best hyperplane. Thus, SVM performs as a separator of two data classes of the input space. From the simulation results, the system built was able to detect excess cholesterol levels through iris image and classify into three classes, namely: non–cholesterol (< 200 ), risk of cholesterol (200–239 ) and high cholesterol (> 240 ). The accuracy rate obtained was 94.67% with an average computation time of 0.0696 . It was using each of the 75 training and test data, with the second-order parameters used are contrast–correlation–energy–homogeneity, pixel distance = 1, quantization level = 8, Polynomial kernel types and One Against One Multiclass. Iris has specific advantages which can record all organ conditions, body construction and psychological conditions. Therefore, Iridology as a science based on the arrangement of iris fibers can be an alternative for medical analysis. In this paper proposes a cholesterol detection system through the iris using Gray Level Co-occurence Matrix and Support Vector Machine. Input system is an iris image that will be processed by pre-processing and then extracted features with the Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix method which is a matrix containing information about position the proximity of pixels that have a certain gray level. And then classified with the Support Vector Machine method that relies on the best hyper lane which functions as a separator of two data classes in the input space. From the simulation results, the system built was able to detect excess cholesterol levels through iris image and classify into three classes are: risk of cholesterol, high cholesterol and non–cholesterol with an accuracy rate of 96.47% and average computation time was 0.0696 using each of the 75 training and test data, with the second-order parameters used are contrast–correlation–energy–homogeneity, pixel distance = 1, quantization level = 8, Polynomial kernel types and One Against One Multiclass.


2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1628-1630
Author(s):  
Jia-jia OU ◽  
Bi-ye CAI ◽  
Bing XIONG ◽  
Feng LI

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhisek Sethy ◽  
Prashanta Kumar Patra ◽  
Deepak Ranjan Nayak

Background: In the past decades, handwritten character recognition has received considerable attention from researchers across the globe because of its wide range of applications in daily life. From the literature, it has been observed that there is limited study on various handwritten Indian scripts and Odia is one of them. We revised some of the patents relating to handwritten character recognition. Methods: This paper deals with the development of an automatic recognition system for offline handwritten Odia character recognition. In this case, prior to feature extraction from images, preprocessing has been done on the character images. For feature extraction, first the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is computed from all the sub-bands of two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform (2D DWT) and thereafter, feature descriptors such as energy, entropy, correlation, homogeneity, and contrast are calculated from GLCMs which are termed as the primary feature vector. In order to further reduce the feature space and generate more relevant features, principal component analysis (PCA) has been employed. Because of the several salient features of random forest (RF) and K- nearest neighbor (K-NN), they have become a significant choice in pattern classification tasks and therefore, both RF and K-NN are separately applied in this study for segregation of character images. Results: All the experiments were performed on a system having specification as windows 8, 64-bit operating system, and Intel (R) i7 – 4770 CPU @ 3.40 GHz. Simulations were conducted through Matlab2014a on a standard database named as NIT Rourkela Odia Database. Conclusion: The proposed system has been validated on a standard database. The simulation results based on 10-fold cross-validation scenario demonstrate that the proposed system earns better accuracy than the existing methods while requiring least number of features. The recognition rate using RF and K-NN classifier is found to be 94.6% and 96.4% respectively.


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