scholarly journals Object state-change predicts neural similarity of visual representations before and after a described event

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1163-1163
Author(s):  
N. C. Hindy ◽  
G. T. M. Altmann ◽  
E. Kalenik ◽  
S. L. Thompson-Schill
Keyword(s):  
Visual Representations ◽  
State Change ◽  
Object State ◽  
Before And After

A case for multiple views of function in design based on a common definition

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaresh Chakrabarti ◽  
V. Srinivasan ◽  
B.S.C. Ranjan ◽  
Udo Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
State Change ◽  
Multiple Views ◽  
System Environment ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractFunctions are important in designing. However, several issues hinder progress with the understanding and usage of functions: lack of a clear and overarching definition of function, lack of overall justifications for the inevitability of the multiple views of function, and scarcity of systematic attempts to relate these views with one another. To help resolve these, the objectives of this research are to propose a common definition of function that underlies the multiple views in literature and to identify and validate the views of function that are logically justified to be present in designing. Function is defined as a change intended by designers between two scenarios: before and after the introduction of the design. A framework is proposed that comprises the above definition of function and an empirically validated model of designing, extended generate, evaluate, modify, and select of state-change, and an action, part, phenomenon, input, organ, and effect model of causality (Known as GEMS of SAPPhIRE), comprising the views of activity, outcome, requirement–solution–information, and system–environment. The framework is used to identify the logically possible views of function in the context of designing and is validated by comparing these with the views of function in the literature. Describing the different views of function using the proposed framework should enable comparisons and determine relationships among the various views, leading to better understanding and usage of functions in designing.

scholarly journals See the Change. Reflections on Wellbeing in the Context of Life-Philosophical Lecturing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimmo Vehkalahti ◽  
Esa Saarinen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Positive Change ◽  
Time Span ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personal Reflection ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
Interesting Connection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

Life-philosophical lecturing is a non-directive pedagogical approach that facilitates sustained personal reflection for the benefit of the participants’ flourishing and positive attitude to life. We work with the PERMA framework developed by Seligman and his associates to reflect upon the self-reported values of wellbeing in the context of a university class on life-philosophical lecturing over the time span of three months.It is found that among the participants that gave their assessments before and after the course (N=197), on average there is a positive change in all the measured domains of wellbeing, despite of the individual variation. Also, there seems to be an interesting connection between course activity and wellbeing. To see the positive change and account for the multidimensional nature of the data we apply various visual representations and suggest such techniques to be particularly useful in connection of rich and multifaceted phenomena such as flourishing.Overall, our visualizations and findings based on condensing the data with factor analysis provide empirical evidence for the applicability of the PERMA framework for wellbeing studies.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of the Process of a Technical Object State Changes

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Landowski
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Change Process ◽  
State Change ◽  
Technical Object ◽  
Object State ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
State Changes

Abstract The article presents a construction method and an example of a model of a technical object operation process as well as the main stochastic assumption which is a mathematical model of an object state changes. The model of the operation process was built using an analysis of the state space and operation-related events of the analyzed technical objects. An example of numerical simulation of the technical object state change process as a tool to be used to support the analysis of the considered process. Numerical simulation of the stochastic process being a model of a technical object state change process makes it possible to determine the process characteristics impossible to determine in an analytical way.

Study on the State Change of Ir/Al2O3 Catalyst by Decomposition of Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) Based Low-Toxicity Monopropellant

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 5780-5782
Author(s):  
Jincheol Kim ◽  
Yeongmin Jo ◽  
Jonggi Jeon ◽  
Taegyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
The State ◽  
State Change ◽  
Ammonium Dinitramide ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst ◽  
Scanning Electron

The change of the Ir/Al2O3 catalyst before and after the reaction with ADN based low-toxicity monopropellant was confirmed. The catalyst were recovered after decomposition reaction with propellant in a monopropellant thruster at 350 °C preheating condition. Catalyst analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyzer. The change of the catalyst specific devices.

Seeing What They See: Elementary EFL Students Reading Science Texts

RELC Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-411
Author(s):  
Yueh-Nu Hung ◽  
Hui-Yu Kuo ◽  
Shih-Chieh Liao
Keyword(s):  
Reading Strategies ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Science Text ◽  
Science Texts ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
English Reading ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Text Reading ◽  
Text Features

Science texts use various text features and multiple representations to communicate meaning to their readers. English science texts are challenging for elementary-level English as a foreign language (EFL) learners in Taiwan because they are familiar with reading language-controlled texts from textbooks. Teaching students to make use of various text features and visual representations will help them achieve a more successful science text reading experience. In this study, 27 Grade 6 Taiwanese students were instructed in science text reading strategies that included understanding text features, creating imagery, and using visual representations. Before and after the instruction, they took an English reading and writing test. Their eye movements during science text reading were recorded before and after the instruction to more fully understand their visual attention while reading English science texts. Eye movement performances such as number of fixations, mean fixation duration, and saccade size were examined. The findings showed that although the participants’ English reading and writing performance improved in the post-test, they focussed more on the written language than the visuals in both tests. More visual representation reading strategies should therefore be taught to help young EFL students read and learn from science texts.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of the Process of a Technical Object State Changes

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Landowski
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Change Process ◽  
State Change ◽  
Technical Object ◽  
Object State ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
State Changes

Abstract The article presents a construction method and an example of a model of a technical object operation process as well as the main stochastic assumption which is a mathematical model of an object state changes. The model of the operation process was built using an analysis of the state space and operation-related events of the analyzed technical objects. An example of numerical simulation of the technical object state change process as a tool to be used to support the analysis of the considered process. Numerical simulation of the stochastic process being a model of a technical object state change process makes it possible to determine the process characteristics impossible to determine in an analytical way.

scholarly journals Thought Control Failure: Sensory Determinants and Functional Effects

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Lee Kwok ◽  
Gaelle Leys ◽  
Roger Koenig-Robert ◽  
Joel Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Thought Control ◽  
Attention Focus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Failure ◽  
Novel Method

AbstractThe ability to control one’s thoughts is important for mental wellbeing, attention, focus, future planning and ideation. While there is a long history of research into thought control, the inherent subjectivity of thoughts has made objective investigation, and thus mechanistic understanding difficult. Here, we report a novel method to empirically investigate thought control success and failure by objectively measuring the sensory strength of visual thoughts. We use the perceptual illusion binocular rivalry to assess emergent images in mind during two common thought control strategies: thought suppression and thought substitution. Thought suppression was ineffective, suppressed thoughts primed subsequent rivalry dominance at the same level as intentionally imagined thoughts. This priming effect was disrupted by concurrent uniform luminance and changes in retinotopic location, suggesting early visual representations/traces. While individuals showed some metacognition of thought suppression, strikingly, the perceptual effects remained even when thoughts were reported as successfully suppressed, indicating these thoughts may exist outside of reportable awareness. In contrast, thought substitution was more effective in controlling the perceptual effects and showed good metacognition. A thought control index predicted greater levels of trait mindfulness, while high levels of anxiety and schizotypy were related to poor thought control. Overall, our findings offer a novel method to track thoughts before and after they emerge into awareness and suggest that non-reportable and involuntary thoughts form visual representations pivotal to thought control failure.

scholarly journals Identification of Affective State Change in Adults With Aphasia Using Speech Acoustics

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2906-2916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Gillespie ◽  
Jacqueline Laures-Gore ◽  
Elliot Moore ◽  
Matthew Farina ◽  
Scott Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affective State ◽  
State Change ◽  
Speech Acoustics ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
State Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Picture Description ◽  
Automated Tools

Purpose The current study aimed to identify objective acoustic measures related to affective state change in the speech of adults with post-stroke aphasia. Method The speech of 20 post-stroke adults with aphasia was recorded during picture description and administration of the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised (Kertesz, 2006). In addition, participants completed the Self-Assessment Manikin (Bradley & Lang, 1994) and the Stress Scale (Tobii Dynavox, 1981–2016) before and after the language tasks. Speech from each participant was used to detect a change in affective state test scores between the beginning and ending speech. Results Machine learning revealed moderate success in classifying depression, minimal success in predicting depression and stress numeric scores, and minimal success in classifying changes in affective state class between the beginning and ending speech. Conclusions The results suggest the existence of objectively measurable aspects of speech that may be used to identify changes in acute affect from adults with aphasia. This work is exploratory and hypothesis-generating; more work will be needed to make conclusive claims. Further work in this area could lead to automated tools to assist clinicians with their diagnoses of stress, depression, and other forms of affect in adults with aphasia.

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