scholarly journals Color Name Distances Scaled by Thurstone's Ranking Order Psychophysical Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Costa ◽  
Carlo Gaddi
Keyword(s):  
Psychophysical Method ◽  
Color Name ◽  
Ranking Order

“It’s not just a diet, it’s a lifestyle”: An Exploratory Study into Community Preferences of Vegan Definitions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelon North ◽  
Emily Jane Kothe ◽  
Anna Klas ◽  
Mathew Ling
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Advocacy Groups ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ranking Order ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Community Preferences ◽  
Positivist Approach

Veganism is an increasingly popular lifestyle within Western societies, including Australia. However, there appears to be a positivist approach to defining veganism in the literature. This has implications for measurement and coherence of the research literature. This exploratory study assessed preference rankings for definitions of veganism used by vegan advocacy groups across an Australian convenience sample of three dietary groups (vegan = 230, omnivore = 117, vegetarian = 43). Participants were also asked to explain their ranking order in an open-ended question. Most vegans selected the UK definition as their first preference, omnivores underwent five rounds of preference reallocation before the Irish definition was selected, and vegetarians underwent four rounds before the UK definition was selected. A reflexive thematic analysis of participant explanations for their rankings identified four themes: (1) Diet vs. lifestyle, (2) Absolutism, (3) Social justice, and (4) Animal justice. These four themes represent how participants had differing perceptions of veganism according to their personal experience and understanding of the term. It appears participants took less of an absolutist approach to the definition and how individuals conceptualise veganism may be more dynamic than first expected. This will be important when researchers are considering how we are defining veganism in future studies to maintain consistency in the field.

scholarly journals The Wheel of Change Moves On: Assessing the Severity of Stalking Behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110152
Author(s):  
Ewa B. Stefanska ◽  
Nicholas Longpré ◽  
Rekayla S. Harriman
Keyword(s):  
Social Issue ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Severity Scale ◽  
Communication Behaviors ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Ranking Order ◽  
Minimal Work ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Continuum

Stalking is a significant social issue. The inconsistency as to what defines stalking has resulted in the creation of different methods to measure the crime. However, there has been minimal work done that assesses the severity of individual stalking behaviors. The aim of the present study was to assess the level of stalking behavior in terms of severity within a randomly selected sample of 924 cases from the database of the National Stalking Helpline. Item response theory analyses were used to assist in developing a scale that displays the ranking order of each stalking behavior. These analyses were also used to examine whether the stalking behavioral items created a single continuum of severity of stalking. Results indicated that 16 stalking behavioral items of the 28 items present in the National Stalking Helpline, best represented the severity of stalking. Unwanted communication behaviors such as text messages and phone calls were located at the lower end of the severity scale, whereas criminal damage and death threats were mapped on the higher end of the continuum. The findings also revealed that the 16 items categorized under 6 factors. The findings of the present study provide many implications for stalking agency professionals and criminal justice responses.

A Response-Time Approach for Estimating Sensitivity to Auditory Tempo Changes

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Pouliot ◽  
Simon Grondin
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Psychophysical Method ◽  
Dynamic Stimuli ◽  
Tempo Change ◽  
Sensitive Tool ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Musical Condition ◽  
Method Of Constant Stimuli

One of the features of the auditory system is its ability to efficiently process events that occur in rapid succession. The aim of the present study is to propose a new way of investigating sensitivity to auditory tempo changes. More specifically, it proposes to compare the relative sensitivity (bias) to acceleration and deceleration in both musical and monotonal conditions. Bias was measured with (1) a conventional psychophysical method known as the method of constant stimuli (MCS) and (2) a so-called method of dynamic stimuli (MDS). The latter method consists in responding with a finger press as soon as a near-continual tempo change is detected. With the MCS, there was no preference, as estimated by the point of subjective equality, between acceleration and deceleration in the monotonal condition, but there was a preference in the musical condition that indicated more facility for estimating decelerations than accelerations. The results obtained with the MDS are consistent with the MCS results, given that the response time was faster for decelerations than accelerations in the musical condition but not in the monotonal condition. We conclude that the MDS is a sensitive tool for investigating slight tempo variations.

scholarly journals Accurate age estimation in small-scale societies

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (31) ◽  
pp. 8205-8210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoan Diekmann ◽  
Daniel Smith ◽  
Pascale Gerbault ◽  
Mark Dyble ◽  
Abigail E. Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Monte Carlo Algorithm ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Ranking Order

Precise estimation of age is essential in evolutionary anthropology, especially to infer population age structures and understand the evolution of human life history diversity. However, in small-scale societies, such as hunter-gatherer populations, time is often not referred to in calendar years, and accurate age estimation remains a challenge. We address this issue by proposing a Bayesian approach that accounts for age uncertainty inherent to fieldwork data. We developed a Gibbs sampling Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm that produces posterior distributions of ages for each individual, based on a ranking order of individuals from youngest to oldest and age ranges for each individual. We first validate our method on 65 Agta foragers from the Philippines with known ages, and show that our method generates age estimations that are superior to previously published regression-based approaches. We then use data on 587 Agta collected during recent fieldwork to demonstrate how multiple partial age ranks coming from multiple camps of hunter-gatherers can be integrated. Finally, we exemplify how the distributions generated by our method can be used to estimate important demographic parameters in small-scale societies: here, age-specific fertility patterns. Our flexible Bayesian approach will be especially useful to improve cross-cultural life history datasets for small-scale societies for which reliable age records are difficult to acquire.

Sewage contamination of coastal bathing waters in england and wales A bacteriological and epidemiological study

1959 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Ranking Order

1. Bacteriological surveys of more than forty popular bathing beaches around the coasts of England and Wales have been made during the past 5 years. The great majority of the beaches studied were subject to contamination with sewage.2. A rough grading of the beaches studied gave a similar ranking order whether the results of the presumptive coliform test or faecal coli counts were used as the basis of grading.3. Grading of beaches was valid only when surveys were carefully planned to ensure representative sampling from the areas on the beaches concerned where bathing actually took place.4. The coliform test as used in the bacteriological examination of drinking waters was the main test procedure used but had certain limitations. Promising results with plate counts on relatively non-inhibitory media were obtained.5. Various salmonella serotypes, notablySalm. paratyphi B, were isolated in small numbers from a high proportion of sea-water samples. The proportion of positive results for salmonella isolation increased from 13·3% in samples with less than 1000 coliform organisms per 100 ml. to 40·1% in samples with over 10,000 coliforms per 100 ml. Comparison of the numbers of salmonellae isolated with what is known of the minimum infective doses of these organisms suggested that very large volumes of sea water would require to be ingested for infection to occur.6. Poliovirus was not isolated from a small series of sea-water samples examined. Because of the very large dilution factor, special concentration procedures would probably be required to isolate this virus from sea water.7. Four cases of paratyphoid fever probably due to bathing were recorded. Surveys of the two associated beaches had given median presumptive coliform counts of more than 10,000 per 100 ml., and both showed gross macroscopic pollution with sewage.8. A statistically controlled study of the bathing histories of 150 poliomyelitis cases in children living permanently by the seaside gave no evidence that bathing had played any part in causing the disease.

scholarly journals Improved Cross Entropy Measures of Single Valued Neutrosophic Sets and Interval Neutrosophic Sets and Their Multicriteria Decision Making Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ye
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Cross Entropy ◽  
Entropy Measure ◽  
Neutrosophic Sets ◽  
Multicriteria Decision ◽  
Entropy Measures ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Ranking Order ◽  
Interval Neutrosophic Sets

Abstract Due to some drawbacks of the cross entropy between Single Valued Neutrosophic Sets (SVNSs) in dealing with decision-making problems, the existing single valued neutrosophic cross entropy indicates an asymmetrical phenomenon or may produce an undefined (unmeaningful) phenomenon in some situations. In order to overcome these disadvantages, this paper proposes an improved cross entropy measure of SVNSs and investigates its properties, and then extends it to a cross entropy measure between interval neutrosophic sets (INSs). Furthermore, the cross entropy measures are applied to multicriteria decision making problems with single valued neutrosophic information and interval neutrosophic information. In decision making methods, through the weighted cross entropy measure between each alternative and the the ideal alternative, one can obtain the ranking order of all alternatives and the best one. The decision-making methods using the proposed cross entropy measures can efficiently deal with decision making problems with incomplete, indeterminate and inconsistent information which exist usually in real situations. Finally, two illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the application and efficiency of the developed decision making approaches under single valued neutrosophic and interval neutrosophic environments.

scholarly journals Automated Parking Space Allocation during Transition with both Human-Operated and Autonomous Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 855
Author(s):  
Mingkang Wu ◽  
Haobin Jiang ◽  
Chin-An Tan
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Method ◽  
Space Allocation ◽  
Shortest Distance ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Ranking Order

As fully automated valet parking systems are being developed, there is a transition period during which both human-operated vehicles (HVs) and autonomous vehicles (AVs) are present in the same parking infrastructure. This paper addresses the problem of allocation of a parking space to an AV without conflicting with the parking space chosen by the driver of a HV. A comprehensive assessment of the key factors that affect the preference and choice of a driver for a parking space is established by the fuzzy comprehensive method. The algorithm then generates a ranking order of the available parking spaces to first predict the driver’s choice of parking space and then allocate a space for the AV. The Floyd algorithm of shortest distance is used to determine the route for the AV to reach its parking space. The proposed allocation and search algorithm is applied to the examples of a parking lot with three designed scenarios. It is shown that parking space can be reasonably allocated for AVs.

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