Quantification of Retinal Nerve Fiber and Retinal Artery Trajectories Using Second-Order Polynomial Equation and Its Association With Axial Length

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 5176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Yamashita ◽  
Taiji Sakamoto ◽  
Hiroto Terasaki ◽  
Minoru Tanaka ◽  
Yuya Kii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
Order Polynomial Equation ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber

Soil-line vegetation indices for corn nitrogen content prediction

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bagheri ◽  
H. Ahmadi ◽  
S. Alavipanah ◽  
M. Omid
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Soil Line ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Canopy Nitrogen ◽  
Order Polynomial Equation ◽  
Corn Canopy

Soil-line vegetation indices for corn nitrogen content prediction The soil-line vegetation indices for prediction of corn canopy nitrogen content were investigated. Results indicated that the vegetation indices applied were correlated with corn canopy nitrogen content and the wavelengths between 630-860 nm are suitable for nitrogen diagnosis. The second-order polynomial equation was the best model for nitrogen content prediction among different regression types. Analyses based on both predicted and measured data were carried out to compare the performance of existing vegetation indices.

scholarly journals Second-Order Polynomial Equation-Based Block Adjustment for Orthorectification of DISP Imagery

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqing Zhou ◽  
Tao Yue ◽  
Yujun Shi ◽  
Rongting Zhang ◽  
Jingjin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Order Polynomial Equation

Emulsifying ability of soy protein isolates obtained at pilot plant under simultaneous heat and reducing treatments / Capacidad emulsionante de aislados proteicos de soja obtenidos en planta piloto con tratamientos térmicos y reductores simultáneos

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.G. Santiago ◽  
A.G. Bonaldo ◽  
R.J. González
Keyword(s):  
Soy Protein ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Soy Protein Isolate ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Simultaneous Heat ◽  
Order Polynomial Equation

The emulsifying abilities of 12 soy protein isolate samples were studied in relation to their solubilities (Sol) in different solvents and their sulfhydryl contents (SHL). Samples were obtained at pilot plant under different heat and reducing treatments, according to a central composite design 22 + star with a triplicate central point, resulting in 11 samples. An untreated sample (standard) was also included. The independent variables were heat treatment temperature ( T) and sulfite concentration ( CNa2SO3) while the responses were Sol in water (Solw), Sol in phosphate buffer (Sol buf), Sol in 2-mercaptoethanol (Sol2-Mer), Sol in SDS (Sol SDS) and SHI. The results indicated a good fit to a second order polynomial equation for Solw, Solbuf' Sol 2-Mer and SHL, while in the case of SolSDS the only significant term was the linear one for T. The dependence of emulsion ability ( A500 as a measure of interfacial area) with time (t) and protein dispersion concentration ( C) was evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). The A500 showed a very good fit to a second order polynomial equation with R2 higher than 89%. The structural differences among samples caused by different treatments were well explained by the A500. Simultaneous heat and reducing treatment under mild conditions ( T = 60-65 °C and CNa2SO3 = 0.2- 0.4%) were able to open the protein structure, increasing SHL. Samples highly soluble in every sol vent (without aggregation effects) showed the highest emulsion ability.

EVALUATION OF A NATURAL RUBBER SLEEVE STOPPER AS A CONTROLLED-RELEASE SUBSTRATE FOR USE IN STUDIES OF SEX-PHEROMONE-MEDIATED MATING DISRUPTION OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Trimble ◽  
C.A. Tyndall ◽  
B.D. McGarvey
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Rubber Sleeve ◽  
Rate Of Evaporation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Decline ◽  
Order Polynomial Equation

AbstractNatural rubber sleeve stoppers were impregnated with 10 mg of (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl-acetate, the major component of spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.), pheromone. In the laboratory, there was a linear decline in the amount of pheromone remaining on stoppers during 8 weeks of exposure to 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C. At 30 and 35 °C, the relationship was curvilinear and could be described using a second-order polynomial equation. The estimated rate of evaporation ranged from 0.03 mg/day at 10 °C to 0.08 mg/day at 25 °C; the rate of evaporation at 30 and 35 °C varied with the time since first exposure. There was a linear decline in the amount of pheromone remaining on stoppers during 8 weeks of exposure to fluctuating temperature regimes with average temperatures of 10 °C (i.e., 5–15 °C) and 20 °C (i.e., 15–25 °C). At a fluctuating regime with an average temperature of 30 °C (i.e., 25–35 °C), the relationship was curvilinear and could be described using a second-order polynomial equation. The estimated rate of evaporation was 0.02 and 0.09 mg/day at 5–15 and 15–25 °C, respectively; the estimated daily rate of evaporation at 25–35 °C varied with the time since first exposure. In an orchard, the estimated average rate of evaporation of pheromone from stoppers ranged from 0.05 to 0.31 mg/day and did not vary significantly with temperature. During the first 4 weeks of exposure in an orchard, the observed rate of evaporation was up to 4.4-fold greater than the rate predicted using the relationship between evaporation rate and constant temperatures observed in the laboratory. The potential for using natural rubber sleeve stoppers as controlled-release substrates in studies of sex-pheromone-mediated mating disruption of P. blancardella is discussed.

scholarly journals Digestibility, fermentation and microbiological characteristics of Calotropis procera silage with different quantities of grape pomace

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clérison dos Santos Belém ◽  
Anderson Miranda de Souza ◽  
Patrícia Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
Francisco Allan Leandro de Carvalho ◽  
Mário Adriano Ávila Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Order Polynomial Equation

ABSTRACT Preserving forage plants adapted to a semi-arid climate as silage may minimize the animal feed deficit during drought. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different quantities of grape pomace added to Calotropis procera silage on its fermentation, in vitro digestibility, total digestible nutrients and microbiology. A completely randomized experimental design was used with four treatments (0, 10, 20 and 40% fresh matter) and four replicates. The silos were opened after 90 days of ensilage, and the soluble carbohydrate, ethanol, organic acid and ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations; pH; fermentation loss; dry matter (DM) recovery; DM density, and microbial populations were determined. The pH (3.96-3.87) was adequate for ensiling in all silage samples. The soluble carbohydrate concentration decreased (p<0.05), and the ethanol concentration increased with increasing quantities of grape pomace. The lactic acid concentration decreased (p<0.05) from 5.3 to 1.94% DM, and the acetic, propionic and butyric acid concentrations increased with increasing quantities of grape pomace. The lactic acid bacteria decreased linearly (p <0.05), varying from 6.43 to 5.82 log CFU/g silage. The mold and yeast population variations fit best using a third-order polynomial equation (p <0.05). Enterobacteria and Clostridium spp were not observed. Adding grape pomace to the silage increased the effluent and gas loss; the latter varied from 5.35 to 14.4%. The total digestible nutrient (TDN) variation fit best using a second-order polynomial equation, and the maximum value was estimated at 82.95% DM with 3.5% grape pomace using the regression equation. The percent digestibility decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing quantities of grape pomace. We show that Calotropis procera has potential as silage even without adding grape pomace.

Effects of Crystallization Degree on Rate during Isothermal Crystallization from PET Melt

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 1520-1523
Author(s):  
Hong Ya Zhang ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Hua Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Heat Flow Rate ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Coefficient Vector ◽  
Crystallization Degree ◽  
Order Polynomial Equation

In this study, one new function is defined as change of relative crystallization degree in unit time and named relative crystallization rate (1/min.). The curve of heat flow rate to time is transmitted to that of to . The produced curve was fitted using one high-order polynomial equation with a variable of and the coefficient vector （Ai ,in this paper，the values of i were from 0 to 9）was produced. It was found that, even during the accelerated stage of crystallization from PET melt，both aspects to promote and delay the relative crystallization rate existed， furthermore， both aspects of promotion and delay declined with the crystallization process and appeared “internal exhaustion”.

scholarly journals Stationary values of the transmission ratio of the planar fourbar

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wittenburg
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Sixth Order ◽  
New Method ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Output Link ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Order Polynomial Equation

The transmission ratio of the planar fourbar, i.e. the ratio of the angular velocities of input link and output link, is a function of the input angle. Freudenstein [1] showed how to calculate stationary values of the transmission ratio. In the present paper a new method is described. Like Freudenstein’s method it results in a sixth-order polynomial equation.

scholarly journals Combined Surfactant and Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Pectin from Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) Fruits

2022 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-742
Author(s):  
Anastasia Novikova ◽  
Liubov Skrypnik
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Wild Fruits ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Extraction Parameters ◽  
Enzyme Assisted Extraction

Introduction. Commercial pectin is usually obtained from apples or citrus fruits. However, some wild fruits, such as hawthorn, are also rich in pectin with valuable nutritional and medical properties. The research objective was to study and improve the process of combined surfactant and enzyme-assisted extraction of pectin from hawthorn fruits. Study objects and methods. The study involved a 1% solution of Polysorbate-20 surfactant and a mix of two enzymes, namely cellulase and xylanase, in a ratio of 4:1. The response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken experimental design improved the extraction parameters. The experiment featured three independent variables – temperature, time, and solvent-to-material ratio. They varied at three levels: 20, 40, and 60°C; 120, 180, and 240 min; 15, 30, and 45 mL per g. Their effect on the parameters on the pectin yield was assessed using a quadratic mathematical model based on a second order polynomial equation. Results and discussion. The response surface methodology made it possible to derive a second order polynomial regression equation that illustrated the effect of extraction parameters on the yield of polyphenols. The regression coefficient (R2 = 98.14%) and the lack-of-fit test (P > 0.05) showed a good accuracy of the model. The optimal extraction conditions were found as follows: temperature = 41°C, time = 160 min, solvent-to-material ratio = 32 mL per 1 g. Under the optimal conditions, the predicted pectin yield was 14.9%, while the experimental yield was 15.2 ± 0.4%. The content of galacturonic acid in the obtained pectin was 58.5%, while the degree of esterification was 51.5%. The hawthorn pectin demonstrated a good complex-building ability in relation to ions of copper (564 mg Cu2+/g), lead (254 mg Pb2+/g), and cobalt (120 mg Co2+/g). Conclusion. Combined surfactant and enzyme-assisted extraction made improved the extraction of pectin from hawthorn fruits. The hawthorn pectin can be used to develop new functional products.

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