scholarly journals Relationship of Choroidal Vasculature and Choriocapillaris Flow With Alterations of Salivary α-Amylase Patterns in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (15) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Fabio Scarinci ◽  
Francesca Romana Patacchioli ◽  
Eliana Costanzo ◽  
Mariacristina Parravano
Keyword(s):  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Choroidal Vasculature ◽  
Relationship Of

Choriocapillaris flow features and choroidal vasculature in the fellow eyes of patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheolmin Yun ◽  
Jungah Huh ◽  
So Min Ahn ◽  
Boram Lee ◽  
Jee Taek Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Choroidal Vasculature ◽  
Fellow Eyes

scholarly journals Choroidal shift in myopic eyes in the 10-year follow-up Beijing eye study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jost B. Jonas ◽  
Yan Ni Yan ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Rahul A. Jonas ◽  
Ya Xing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Retinal Vessels ◽  
Beijing Eye Study ◽  
Choroidal Vessel ◽  
Choroidal Vasculature ◽  
Fundus Photographs ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Choroidal Vessels ◽  
Myopic Maculopathy

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess longitudinal changes in the spatial relationship of the choroidal vasculature to retinal vasculature in myopic eyes. In the population-based longitudinal Beijing Eye Study in 2001/2011, we examined all highly myopic eyes with assessable fundus photographs and a randomized group of non-highly myopic. Using fundus photographs, we qualitatively assessed changes in the location of major choroidal vessels in relationship to retinal vessels. The study consisted of 85 highly myopic eyes (58 participants;age:64.8 ± 9.4 years) and 85 randomly selected non-highly myopic eyes. A choroidal shift in relationship to the retinal vessels was detected more often in the highly myopic group than the non-highly myopic group (47/85 (55%) vs 6/85 (7%); P < 0.001). In the highly myopic group, the choroidal vessel shift occurring on the disc-fovea line in 39 (44%) eyes, was similar to, or smaller than, the enlargement in gamma zone width in 26 (67%) eyes and in 11 (28%) eyes respectively. The choroidal vessel shift was larger (P = 0.002) in eyes without choroidal vessels in gamma zone than in eyes with large choroidal vessels in gamma zone. In 14 (17%) eyes, a localized centrifugal choroidal shift was observed in association with an increase in the stage of myopic maculopathy. The results suggest that highly myopic eyes show a change in the position of large choroidal vessels in relationship to retinal vessels, in association with development or enlargement of gamma zone and an increase in the stage of myopic maculopathy.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of central serous chorioretinopathy by deep learning analysis of en face images of choroidal vasculature: A pilot study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0244469
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Aoyama ◽  
Ichiro Maruko ◽  
Taizo Kawano ◽  
Tatsuro Yokoyama ◽  
Yuki Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Active Region ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Small Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
En Face ◽  
Choroidal Vasculature ◽  
The Mean

Purpose To diagnose central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) by deep learning (DL) analyses of en face images of the choroidal vasculature obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to analyze the regions of interest for the DL from heatmaps. Methods One-hundred eyes were studied; 53 eyes with CSC and 47 normal eyes. Volume scans of 12×12 mm square were obtained at the same time as the OCT angiographic (OCTA) scans (Plex Elite 9000 Swept-Source OCT®, Zeiss). High-quality en face images of the choroidal vasculature of the segmentation slab of one-half of the subfoveal choroidal thickness were created for the analyses. The 100 en face images were divided into 80 for training and 20 for validation. Thus, we divided it into five groups of 20 eyes each, trained the remaining 80 eyes in each group, and then calculated the correct answer rate for each group by validation with 20 eyes. The Neural Network Console (NNC) developed by Sony and the Keras-Tensorflow backend developed by Google were used as the software for the classification with 16 layers of convolutional neural networks. The active region of the heatmap based on the feature quantity extracted by DL was also evaluated as the percentages with gradient-weighted class activation mapping implemented in Keras. Results The mean accuracy rate of the validation was 95% for NNC and 88% for Keras. This difference was not significant (P >0.1). The mean active region in the heatmap image was 12.5% in CSC eyes which was significantly lower than the 79.8% in normal eyes (P<0.01). Conclusions CSC can be automatically diagnosed by DL with high accuracy from en face images of the choroidal vasculature with different programs, convolutional layer structures, and small data sets. Heatmap analyses showed that the DL focused on the area occupied by the choroidal vessels and their uniformity. We conclude that DL can help in the diagnosis of CSC.

scholarly journals Temporal Association between Topical Ophthalmic Corticosteroid and the Risk of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9455
Author(s):  
Yuh-Shin Chang ◽  
Shih-Feng Weng ◽  
Jhi-Joung Wang ◽  
Ren-Long Jan
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Index Date ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prescription Refill ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Insurance Database

This retrospective, nationwide, matched cohort study investigated the temporal relationship of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) following topical ophthalmic corticosteroid (TOC) use. Using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 (LHID2000), we collected patients diagnosed with CSCR between January 2001 and December 2010 (n  =  2921) and a control group (n  =  17,526). Information for each patient was collected and tracked from the index date until December 2011. TOC users were classified based on (i) the date of the last prescription before diagnosis: current users (≤30 days) and former users (31–182 days and ≥183 days) and (ii) the prescription refill intervals: persistent users (interval ≤90 days) and non-persistent users (interval >90 days). The odds ratio (OR) was estimated from multivariate conditional logistic regression after adjusting for relevant confounders. After adjusting for age, sex, geographic region, index date, previously known comorbidities, the date of last TOC prescription before diagnosis, or prescription refilling intervals, the results revealed that patients were likely to have developed CSCR while using TOCs currently (OR = 30.42, 95% CI = 25.95–35.66, p < 0.001) and persistently (OR = 7.30, 95% CI = 6.13–8.69, p < 0.001) as compared to the controls. Our results indicate that current or persistent TOCs use increases the risk of CSCR. Thus, patients requiring TOCs should be advised of this risk, particularly in current or persistent use conditions.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of central serous chorioretinopathy by deep learning analysis of en face images of choroidal vasculature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Aoyama ◽  
Ichiro Maruko ◽  
Taizo Kawano ◽  
Tatsuro Yokoyama ◽  
Yuki Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Active Region ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Small Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Face Images ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
En Face ◽  
Choroidal Vasculature

Purpose To classify central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) by deep learning (DL) analyses of en face images of choroidal vasculature obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to analyze the regions of interest for DL from heatmaps. Methods One-hundred eyes were studied; 53 eyes with CSC and 47 normal eyes. Volume scans of 12×12 mm square were obtained at the same time as the OCT angiographic (OCTA) scans (Plex Elite 9000 Swept-Source OCT®, Zeiss). High-quality en face images of the choroidal vasculature of the segmentation slab of one-half of the subfoveal choroidal thickness were created for the analyses. The entire 100 en face images were divided into 80 for training (100 times) and 20 for validation. The Neural Network Console (NNC) developed by Sony and the Keras-Tensorflow backend and developed by Google were used as the software for the classification with 16 layers of convolutional neural networks. The active region of the heatmap based on the feature quantity extracted by DL was also evaluated as the percentages with gradient-weighted class activation mapping implementation in Keras. Results In the 20 eyes used for validation including 8 eyes with CSC, the accuracy rate of the validation was 100% (20/20) for NNC and 95% (19/20) for Keras. This difference was not significant ( P =0.33). The mean active region in the heatmap image was 12.5% in CSC eyes which was significantly lower than the 79.8% in normal eyes ( P <0.01). Conclusions CSC can be automatically classified with high accuracy from en face images of the choroidal vasculature by DLs with different programs, convolutional layer structures, and small data sets. Heatmap analyses showed that DL focused on the area occupied by the choroidal vessels and their uniformity. We conclude that DL can help in the diagnosis of CSC.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

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