Human nasal wash RNA-seq reveals distinct cell-specific innate immune responses between influenza and SARS-CoV-2

Abstract This study aimed to obtain a better understanding of the regulatory genes and molecules involved in the development of mastitis. For this purpose, the transcription factors (TF) and MicroRNAs (miRNA) related to differentially expressed genes previously found in extracorporeal udders infected with Streptococcus agalactiae were investigated. The Gene-TF network highlighted LOC515333, SAA3, CD14, NFKBIA, APOC2 and LOC100335608 and genes that encode the most representative transcription factors STAT3, PPARG, EGR1 and NFKB1 for infected udders. In addition, it was possible to highlight, through the analysis of the gene-miRNA network, genes that could be post-transcriptionally regulated by miRNAs, such as the relationship between the CCL5 gene and the miRNA bta-miR-363. Overall, our data demonstrated genes and regulatory elements (TF and miRNA) that can play an important role in mastitis resistance. The results provide new insights into the first functional pathways and the network of genes that orchestrate the innate immune responses to infection by Streptococcus agalactiae. Our results will increase the general knowledge about the gene networks, transcription factors and miRNAs involved in fighting intramammary infection and maintaining tissue during infection and thus enable a better understanding of the pathophysiology of mastitis.

Download Full-text

Transcriptome analysis based on RNA-seq of common innate immune responses of flounder cells to IHNV, VHSV, and HIRRV

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0239925 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. e0239925

Author(s):

Kwang Il Kim ◽

Unn Hwa Lee ◽

Miyoung Cho ◽

Sung-Hee Jung ◽

Eun Young Min ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Rna Seq

Download Full-text

Injection site vaccinology of a recombinant vaccinia-based vector reveals diverse innate immune signatures

PLoS Pathogens ◽

10.1371/journal.ppat.1009215 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. e1009215

Author(s):

Jessamine E. Hazlewood ◽

Troy Dumenil ◽

Thuy T. Le ◽

Andrii Slonchak ◽

Stephen H. Kazakoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Injection Site ◽

Intramuscular Injection ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Recombinant Vaccinia ◽

Th1 Cytokine ◽

Mrna And Protein Expression

Poxvirus systems have been extensively used as vaccine vectors. Herein a RNA-Seq analysis of intramuscular injection sites provided detailed insights into host innate immune responses, as well as expression of vector and recombinant immunogen genes, after vaccination with a new multiplication defective, vaccinia-based vector, Sementis Copenhagen Vector. Chikungunya and Zika virus immunogen mRNA and protein expression was associated with necrosing skeletal muscle cells surrounded by mixed cellular infiltrates. The multiple adjuvant signatures at 12 hours post-vaccination were dominated by TLR3, 4 and 9, STING, MAVS, PKR and the inflammasome. Th1 cytokine signatures were dominated by IFNγ, TNF and IL1β, and chemokine signatures by CCL5 and CXCL12. Multiple signatures associated with dendritic cell stimulation were evident. By day seven, vaccine transcripts were absent, and cell death, neutrophil, macrophage and inflammation annotations had abated. No compelling arthritis signatures were identified. Such injection site vaccinology approaches should inform refinements in poxvirus-based vector design.

Download Full-text

Comprehensive Comparison of RNA-Seq Data of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV Infections: Alternative Entry Routes and Innate Immune Responses

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.656433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yingying Cao ◽

Xintian Xu ◽

Simo Kitanovski ◽

Lina Song ◽

Jun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Viral Entry ◽

A549 Cells ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Cell Entry ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Virus Dose ◽

Different Types ◽

Comprehensive Comparison

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of COVID-19 emerges as complex, with multiple factors leading to injury of different organs. Some of the studies on aspects of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and innate immunity have produced seemingly contradictory claims. In this situation, a comprehensive comparative analysis of a large number of related datasets from several studies could bring more clarity, which is imperative for therapy development.MethodsWe therefore performed a comprehensive comparative study, analyzing RNA-Seq data of infections with SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, including data from different types of cells as well as COVID-19 patients. Using these data, we investigated viral entry routes and innate immune responses.Results and ConclusionFirst, our analyses support the existence of cell entry mechanisms for SARS and SARS-CoV-2 other than the ACE2 route with evidence of inefficient infection of cells without expression of ACE2; expression of TMPRSS2/TPMRSS4 is unnecessary for efficient SARS-CoV-2 infection with evidence of efficient infection of A549 cells transduced with a vector expressing human ACE2. Second, we find that innate immune responses in terms of interferons and interferon simulated genes are strong in relevant cells, for example Calu3 cells, but vary markedly with cell type, virus dose, and virus type.

Download Full-text

Oral Immune Activation by Disgust and Disease-Related Pictures

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000143 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 119-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Richard J. Stevenson ◽

Deborah Hodgson ◽

Megan J. Oaten ◽

Luba Sominsky ◽

Mehmet Mahmut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

Negative Control ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Immune Markers ◽

Before And After ◽

Secondary Analyses ◽

Image Set

Abstract. Both disgust and disease-related images appear able to induce an innate immune response but it is unclear whether these effects are independent or rely upon a common shared factor (e.g., disgust or disease-related cognitions). In this study we directly compared these two inductions using specifically generated sets of images. One set was disease-related but evoked little disgust, while the other set was disgust evoking but with less disease-relatedness. These two image sets were then compared to a third set, a negative control condition. Using a wholly within-subject design, participants viewed one image set per week, and provided saliva samples, before and after each viewing occasion, which were later analyzed for innate immune markers. We found that both the disease related and disgust images, relative to the negative control images, were not able to generate an innate immune response. However, secondary analyses revealed innate immune responses in participants with greater propensity to feel disgust following exposure to disease-related and disgusting images. These findings suggest that disgust images relatively free of disease-related themes, and disease-related images relatively free of disgust may be suboptimal cues for generating an innate immune response. Not only may this explain why disgust propensity mediates these effects, it may also imply a common pathway.

Download Full-text