scholarly journals Inflow Layer Energetics of Hurricane Bonnie (1998) near Landfall

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (8) ◽  
pp. 1600-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek R. Wroe ◽  
Gary M. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Curved Track ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hurricane Bonnie ◽  
Convective Cells

Abstract On 26 August 1998, a NOAA WP-3D aircraft executed a curved track that mimics an inflow trajectory to the eyewall of Hurricane Bonnie. Global positioning system (GPS) sondes and airborne expendable bathythermographs jettisoned along the trajectory provide the observations to conduct an energy budget for the 1600-m-deep inflow to the eyewall. Surface fluxes are estimated via the bulk aerodynamic equations and the flux at the top of the inflow is solved as a residual. From 170- to 125-km radial distance from the circulation center the mean θe of the inflow remains constant despite combined sensible and latent surface fluxes in excess of 500 W m−2. Convective cells remove energy from the inflow boundary layer at a rate similar to the inputs from the sea. From 125 to 100 km, in the annulus adjacent to the eyewall, mean θe increases 4.5 K in response to higher surface fluxes and little loss through the inflow top. Energy balance may be achieved by either entrainment of higher θe through the top of the inflow layer, or by inclusion of just half the estimated heat from viscous dissipation. The authors infer that the secondary circulation of the eyewall inhibits convective cells from forming in this region and thus facilitates the rapid increase of energy in the inflow. The results support hypotheses that hurricane intensity appears to be strongly modulated by energy exchange in a meso-β region adjacent to and under the eyewall.

scholarly journals The Inflow to Tropical Cyclone Humberto (2001) as Viewed with Azimuth–Height Surfaces over Three Days

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 1324-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M. Barnes ◽  
Klaus P. Dolling
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Mass Flux ◽  
Radial Flow ◽  
Deep Layer ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Warm Core ◽  
Global Positioning

Abstract The deployment of 228 global positioning system dropwindsondes (GPS sondes), over three consecutive days in Tropical Cyclone Humberto (2001), allows for the creation of azimuth–height (ϕ–z) surfaces from sea level to 3-km altitude at 0.25° and 0.5° latitude distance from the storm center. The authors estimate the radial flow along these ϕ–z surfaces to diagnose the mass flux through said surfaces as Humberto deepens from 1000 to 983 hPa from the first to the second day, then fills to 992 hPa by the third day. As the tropical cyclone (TC) intensifies the width, depth, and rate of inflow increase. The inflow remains a wavenumber-1 pattern throughout the three days. The center of the inflow rotates clockwise over this period following the expected forcing due to both the tropical cyclone motion and deep layer shear vectors. Net vertical mass flux, based on continuity within a given volume, is correlated with TC intensity only for the inner 0.25° ϕ–z surface. Slightly farther from the center, at 0.5° radial distance, the net mass flux is much larger but is not correlated with intensity. The rainbands that exist between the 0.25° and the 0.50° rings are ineffective at either creating or maintaining a warm core and lowering the surface pressure. The authors speculate that the warming associated with convective bands at larger radii is more easily eroded by the strong wind shear; convective bands nearer the center produce a more complete wind field that protects the warm core.

scholarly journals Anthropometric and Performance Perspectives of Female Competitive Surfing

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew John Barlow ◽  
Joshua Rowe ◽  
Oliver Ruffle ◽  
Mark Davidson ◽  
John O’hara
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Anthropometric Assessment

AbstractTo evaluate the anthropometric profiles of female surfers and to identify whether any anthropometrical factors might predict competitive ranking. Secondly, to evaluate the activity profile of female competitive surfing with respect to environmental conditions using Global Positioning System (GPS) derived measures.Following institutional ethical approval, 31 female competitive surfers underwent anthropometric assessment (mean age: 20.49,The mean somatotype values of the surfers were (Endo-Meso-Ecto) 4.06, 4.15, 2.01. Significant correlations (Body fat levels are associated with the national ranking in competitive female surfers. The number of waves ridden in a heat, the length of the rides, and activity levels were significantly related to heat placement and competition progression.

scholarly journals Estimating satellite and receiver differential code bias using a relative Global Positioning System network

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa A. Elghazouly ◽  
Mohamed I. Doma ◽  
Ahmed A. Sedeek
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Gps Network ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences

Abstract. Precise total electron content (TEC) is required to produce accurate spatial and temporal resolution of global ionosphere maps (GIMs). Receivers and satellite differential code biases (DCBs) are one of the main error sources in estimating precise TEC from Global Positioning System (GPS) data. Recently, researchers have been interested in developing models and algorithms to compute DCBs of receivers and satellites close to those computed from the Ionosphere Associated Analysis Centers (IAACs). Here we introduce a MATLAB code called Multi Station DCB Estimation (MSDCBE) to calculate satellite and receiver DCBs from GPS data. MSDCBE based on a spherical harmonic function and a geometry-free combination of GPS carrier-phase, pseudo-range code observations, and weighted least squares was applied to solve observation equations and to improve estimation of DCB values. There are many factors affecting the estimated values of DCBs. The first one is the observation weighting function which depends on the satellite elevation angle. The second factor is concerned with estimating DCBs using a single GPS station using the Zero Difference DCB Estimation (ZDDCBE) code or using the GPS network used by the MSDCBE code. The third factor is the number of GPS receivers in the network. Results from MSDCBE were evaluated and compared with data from IAACs and other codes like M_DCB and ZDDCBE. The results of weighted (MSDCBE) least squares show an improvement for estimated DCBs, where mean differences from the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) (University of Bern, Switzerland) are less than 0.746 ns. DCBs estimated from the GPS network show better agreement with IAAC than DCBs estimated from precise point positioning (PPP), where the mean differences are less than 0.1477 and 1.1866 ns, respectively. The mean differences of computed DCBs improved by increasing the number of GPS stations in the network.

Predictions of bird swing from GPS coordinates

Geophysics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. F119-F126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Davis ◽  
James Macnae ◽  
Greg Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Electromagnetic Response ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Airborne Electromagnetic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vibration Noise

Bird attitudes, with roll, pitch, and yaw angles, are required for modeling the measured electromagnetic response of the earth. Global Positioning System (GPS) antennas can be used in airborne electromagnetic (AEM) systems to monitor airborne platform attitude and bird maneuver. We have found evidence from photographic sequences that four GPS antennas, three on the bird and one on the aircraft, generally are adequate for angular and altitude geometry control. The mounting system for the bird frame introduces vibration noise. We have developed a model that predicts bird maneuver from the use of GPS antennas already present during routine airborne surveys. The bird motion, whether inline or crossline, is modeled from the difference between the aircraft location and the mean location of the bird. This also accurately predicts the roll of the bird when an inline yoke mounting is used. The minimum number of GPS antennas required to monitor the motion of a cylindrical electromagnetic (EM) bird typical of frequency-domain systems is two, one on the aircraft and one on the bird. We have defined optimum locations of GPS antennas to enable geometric monitoring of towed-bird systems. The findings suggest that the bird be mounted with two aerodynamically efficient GPS antennas, one on the nose and one on the tail. This enables the measurement of the pitch and yaw of the bird, with roll deduced using the third GPS on the helicopter.

Speed of gaits in Icelandic horses and relationships to sex, age, conformation measurements and subjective judges’ scores

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
G.J. Stefánsdóttir ◽  
A. Jansson ◽  
S. Ragnarsson ◽  
V. Gunnarsson
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Objective Measurements ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Icelandic Horses

The aim was to measure the mean and maximum speed and the range of speed in all gaits of Icelandic horses shown at a breed evaluation field test (BEFT). In addition, the effect of speed on scores for the gaits and whether speed was affected by age, sex and conformation measurements were investigated. The study was carried out in Iceland on 266 horses (180 mares and 86 stallions). Horse speed and distance ridden were recorded by global positioning system during the riding assessment in BEFT. Conformation measurements and scores for each gait were obtained from the official studbook Worldfengur. The range of speed in walk, slow tölt, tölt, trot, pace, canter and gallop was, respectively, 1.5-2.2, 3.2-5.5, 4.6-10.6, 4.5-8.6, 7.1-11.9, 5.8-9.8 and 7.9-13.5 m/s (n=149-248). Scores for all gaits were affected by speed of the gait, with speed explaining most variance in scores for pace (53%) and least in scores for slow tölt and walk (2 and 3%, respectively). Stallions were faster than mares in tölt, trot, pace and canter (P<0.05). Horses aged ≥7 years and 6-year-olds were faster in pace and canter than 4-year-olds (P<0.05). Horse conformation measurements most affected speed in pace and walk, which were elevated with increased height at withers, height at croup, body length and length of front legs (P<0.05). In conclusion, objective measurements of speed in the gaits of Icelandic horses shown in a BEFT were documented for the first time. The information can be used to formulate requirements for gaits in BEFT and in competition manuals. Objective measurements of speed should be used in future assessments of gaits in Icelandic horses in BEFT, and thus improve standardisation and genetic evaluation of breeding horses.

scholarly journals Development of a Simulated Round of Golf

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Hayes ◽  
Kjell van Paridon ◽  
Duncan N. French ◽  
Kevin Thomas ◽  
Dan A. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Typical Error ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
The Impact

Purpose:The aim of this study was to develop a laboratory-based treadmill simulation of the on-course physiological demands of an 18-hole round of golf and to identify the underlying physiological responses.Methods:Eight amateur golfers completed a round of golf during which heart rate (HR), steps taken, and global positioning system (GPS) data were assessed. The GPS data were used to create a simulated discontinuous round on a treadmill. Steps taken and HR were recorded during the simulated round.Results:During the on-course round, players covered a mean (±SD) of 8,251 ± 450 m, taking 12,766 ± 1,530 steps. The mean exercise intensity during the on-course round was 31.4 ± 9.3% of age-predicted heart rate reserve (%HRR) or 55.6 ± 4.4% of age-predicted maximum HR (%HRmax). There were no significant differences between the simulated round and the on-course round for %HRR (P = .537) or %HR max (P = .561) over the entire round or for each individual hole. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the two rounds for steps taken. Typical error values for steps taken, HR, %HRmax, and %HRR were 1,083 steps, ±7.6 b·min-1, ±4.5%, and ±8.1%, respectively.Conclusion:Overall, the simulated round of golf successfully recreated the demands of an on-course round. This simulated round could be used as a research tool to assess the extent of fatigue during a round of golf or the impact of various interventions on golfers.

Aplikasi Pemosisi Lokal Berbasis Android Dengan Menggunakan GPS

INTI TALAFA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaman Khaeruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Database Server ◽  
Global Positioning

Seiring dengan pesatnya kemajuan teknologi saat ini, kebutuhan manusia menjadi lebih beragam, termasuk kebutuhan akan informasi. Tidak hanya media informasinya yang semakin beragam, jenis informasi yang dibutuhkan juga semakin beragam, salah satunya adalah kebutuhan informasi akan posisi kita terhadap lingkungan sekitar. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan itu sebuah sistem pemosisi diciptakan. Sistem pemosisi yang banyak digunakan saat ini cenderung berfokus pada lingkup ruang yang besar (global) padahal, dalam lingkup ruang yang lebih kecil (lokal) sebuah sistem pemosisi juga diperlukan, seperti di ruang-ruang terbuka umum (taman atau kebun), ataupun dalam sebuah bangunan. Sistem pemosisi lokal yang ada saat ini sering kali membutuhkan infrastruktur yang mahal dalam pembangunannya. Aplikasi Pemosisi Lokal Berbasis Android dengan Menggunakan GPS ini adalah sebuah aplikasi yang dibangun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna akan informasi lokasi dan posisi mereka terhadap lingkungan di sekitarnya dalam lingkup ruang yang lebih kecil (lokal) dengan memanfaatkan perangkat GPS (Global Positioning System) yang telah tertanam dalam perangkat smartphone Android agar infrastruktur yang dibutuhkan lebih efisien. Dalam implementasinya, Aplikasi Pemosisi Lokal ini bertindak sebagai klien dengan dukungan sebuah Database Server yang berfungsi sebagai media penyimpanan data serta sumber referensi informasi yang dapat diakses melalui jaringan internet sehingga tercipta sebuah sistem yang terintegrasi secara global. Kata kunci: aplikasi, informasi, pemosisi, GPS.

148. Use of Global Positioning System Technology to Track Subjects' Location During Environmental Exposure Sampling

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Phillips ◽  
R. Clinkenbeard ◽  
T. Hall ◽  
D. Johnson ◽  
R. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
System Technology ◽  
Global Positioning

The Distribution of Hospitality Services in Uyo Urban, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Violet Bassey Eneyo
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Neighbour Analysis

This paper examines the distribution of hospitality services in Uyo Urban, Nigeria. GIS method was the primary tool used for data collection. A global positioning system (GPS) Garmin 60 model was used in tracking the location of 102 hospitality services in the study area. One hypothesis was stated and tested using the nearest neighbour analysis. The finding shows evidence of clustering of the various hospitality services. The tested hypothesis further indicated that hospitality services clustered in areas that guarantee a sustainable level of patronage to maximize profit. Thus, the hospitality services clustered in selected streets in the metropolis while limited numbers were found outside the city’s central area.

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