Whiteout—A Bibliographical Survey

1959 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Harker

The polar phenomenon of whiteout is described through the medium of quotations from persons who have experienced the phenomenon. The meteorological conditions indicated to produce the phenomenon are noted and the mechanism of their operation discussed in terms of research findings available in the literature. Topics considered are: diffuse illumination, meteorological range, and illumination levels. Contributory physiological factors are noted and discussed under the following headings: retinal illumination, empty-field myopia, and entoptic phenomena. The psychological import of whiteout is discussed in relation to perception of the vertical, directional orientation, and distance estimation.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Daneshfar ◽  
Carl Petersen ◽  
Brad Miles ◽  
Daniel Gahreman

Identifying key physiological factors is essential in cycling; however, the unique nature of BMX decreases the validity and transferability of research findings from other cycling disciplines. Therefore, this study highlighted the physical and physiological characteristics of BMX riders that could influence track performance. Fifteen sub-elite BMX riders (male n = 12; age 18.3 ± 3.3 and female n = 3; 17.7 ± 5.7 years) undertook a battery of laboratory tests on three different occasions, including body composition, upper and lower body strength, flexibility, sprint and aerobic capacity measures. On a separate day, participants completed three full lap sprints on an outdoor BMX track. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to develop predictive models of performance across the laboratory tests and race time. The final model indicated power to weight ratio, relative back-leg-chest strength and arm span explained ~87% of the variability in finish time (adjusted R2 = 0.87, p < .01). These findings highlighted the importance of a multidimensional approach for developing BMX race performance. Coaches should prioritise these variables in their training programs and selection of future talents. However, further physiological and biomechanical investigation is needed to validate current findings, particularly among elite riders.


Author(s):  
Carol Pollack-Nelson ◽  
Suad Wanna Nakamura ◽  
Hope Nesteruk ◽  
Rana Balci-Sinha ◽  
Celestine Kish

Parents of infants expect their baby will sleep safely in any of a number of products that are intended for overnight sleep (e.g., crib, bassinet, cradle, play yard) as well as products in which infants routinely nap (e.g., infant seat, swing). Yet each year, infants die while napping or sleeping. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is an independent federal agency charged with protecting the public from unreasonable risk of injury associated with consumer products, including infant sleep products. In this panel, technical experts from the CPSC address issues relating to infant sleep safety including physiological factors associated with infant death and findings from incident data. Case studies for two infant products (handheld infant carriers and infant bouncer seats) and focus group research findings with parents of infants shed light on consumer behavior as it relates to perceptions of infant comfort and product use.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pollyana Luz Macedo Da Silva

O presente artigo traz reflexões sobre o trabalho informal, tendo como universo empírico a experiência profissional dos trabalhadores ambulantes integrantes do Programa Renda Alternativa, em Rio das Ostras (RJ). Portanto, a pesquisa foi desdobrada em levantamento bibliográfico, além de trabalho de campo com os ambulantes. Por meio desses dispositivos, buscou-se compreender os laços entre informalidade do trabalho e dinâmica capitalista. Os achados da pesquisa mostram que o trabalho ambulante acomete gerações de trabalhadores como consequência do desenvolvimento desigual e dependente do capitalismo, que limita a oferta de emprego. Somado a isso temos os processos de transformações socioeconômicas das últimas décadas, que intensificam as formas de precarização do trabalho, potencializando a chamada informalidade do trabalho. A expropriação do direito ao emprego empurra os trabalhadores para experiências laborativas inseguras e sem proteção social. A repetição entre familiares amplia a percepção da perenidade da expropriação social entre gerações de trabalhadores.Palavras-Chave: modo de produção capitalista; trabalho informal; trabalhadores ambulantes. Abstract –This article presents reflections on informal work, having as an empirical universe the work experience of the itinerant workers included in the "Alternative Income Program" in Rio das Ostras / RJ. Therefore, the research was deployed in a bibliographical survey, in addition to field work with street vendors. Through these devices, the research sought to understand the links between informality of work and capitalist dynamics. The research findings show that street work affects generations of workers as a consequence of the unequal and dependent development of capitalism that limits the supply of employment. Added to this we have the processes of socioeconomic transformations of the last decades that intensify the forms of precarization of work, enhancing the so-called informality of work. The expropriation of the right to employment pushes workers to unsafe and unprotected labor experiences. The repetition between relatives extends the perception of the perpetuation of social expropriation among generations of workers.Keywords: Mode of Capitalist Production, informal work and mobile workers.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 688-704
Author(s):  
Katrina Fulcher-Rood ◽  
Anny Castilla-Earls ◽  
Jeff Higginbotham

Purpose The current investigation is a follow-up from a previous study examining child language diagnostic decision making in school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The purpose of this study was to examine the SLPs' perspectives regarding the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) in their clinical work. Method Semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 25 school-based SLPs who previously participated in an earlier study by Fulcher-Rood et al. 2018). SLPs were asked questions regarding their definition of EBP, the value of research evidence, contexts in which they implement scientific literature in clinical practice, and the barriers to implementing EBP. Results SLPs' definitions of EBP differed from current definitions, in that SLPs only included the use of research findings. SLPs seem to discuss EBP as it relates to treatment and not assessment. Reported barriers to EBP implementation were insufficient time, limited funding, and restrictions from their employment setting. SLPs found it difficult to translate research findings to clinical practice. SLPs implemented external research evidence when they did not have enough clinical expertise regarding a specific client or when they needed scientific evidence to support a strategy they used. Conclusions SLPs appear to use EBP for specific reasons and not for every clinical decision they make. In addition, SLPs rely on EBP for treatment decisions and not for assessment decisions. Educational systems potentially present other challenges that need to be considered for EBP implementation. Considerations for implementation science and the research-to-practice gap are discussed.


1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence C. Calhoun ◽  
Amie Cann ◽  
Scott Terry

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