Integration of a Road Surface Model into NWS Operations

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1495-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Rutz ◽  
Chris V. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Winter Weather ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Wide Range

Today's winter weather headlines are based on the meteorological strength of an event with the assumption that stronger events produce larger public impacts. In reality, public impacts involve many factors, such as whether or not snow will accumulate on roads and affect traffic. Along with numerous environmental factors, decisions are further complicated by societal factors (e.g., timing of the commute). The National Weather Service (NWS) Strategic Plan calls for increased emphasis on decision support services (DSS) to our partners, especially during high-impact events. However, determining when events will produce high-impact conditions often remains a challenge. While forecasters should be aware of the relevant societal factors, they also need objective tools capable of integrating over the wide range of environmental factors that intersect in producing high-impact weather. This is particularly true in the case of road surface conditions, where complex interactions between temperature, moisture, and the road surface play a key role in determining what hazards might develop during wintry weather. Initial verification suggests that output from the Model of the Environment and Temperature of Roads (METRo) can provide useful information with regard to the timing and severity of hazardous road surface conditions, allowing NWS forecasters to more effectively highlight the impacts associated with impending meteorological events. This information enhances the DSS that the NWS is able to provide to government partners, local emergency management, and the public during high-impact winter weather events.

scholarly journals Road Hazard Assessment Using Pothole and Traffic Data in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Choong Heon Yang ◽  
Jin Guk Kim ◽  
Sung Pil Shin
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Damage Data

Road surface conditions have a direct effect on the quality of driving, which in turn affects overall traffic flow. Many studies have been conducted to accurately identify road surface conditions using diverse technologies. However, these previously proposed methods may still be insufficient to estimate actual risks along the roads because the exact road risk levels cannot be determined from only road surface damage data. The actual risk level of the road must be derived by considering both the road surface damage data as well as other factors such as speed. In this study, the road hazard index is proposed using smartphone-obtained pothole and traffic data to represent the level of risk due to road surface conditions. The relevant algorithm and its operating system are developed to produce the estimated index values that are classified into four levels of road risk. This road hazard index can assist road agencies in establishing road maintenance plans and budgets and will allow drivers to minimize the risk of accidents by adjusting their driving speeds in advance of dangerous road conditions. To demonstrate the proposed risk hazard assessment methodology, road hazards were assessed along specific test road sections based on observed pothole and historical travel speed data. It was found that the proposed methodology provides a rational method for improving traffic safety.

scholarly journals Road Surface Condition Forecasting in France

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2513-2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bouilloud ◽  
E. Martin ◽  
F. Habets ◽  
A. Boone ◽  
P. Le Moigne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Snow Layer ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Surface Temperature ◽  
On The Road

Abstract A numerical model designed to simulate the evolution of a snow layer on a road surface was forced by meteorological forecasts so as to assess its potential for use within an operational suite for road management in winter. The suite is intended for use throughout France, even in areas where no observations of surface conditions are available. It relies on short-term meteorological forecasts and long-term simulations of surface conditions using spatialized meteorological data to provide the initial conditions. The prediction of road surface conditions (road surface temperature and presence of snow on the road) was tested at an experimental site using data from a comprehensive experimental field campaign. The results were satisfactory, with detection of the majority of snow and negative road surface temperature events. The model was then extended to all of France with an 8-km grid resolution, using forcing data from a real-time meteorological analysis system. Many events with snow on the roads were simulated for the 2004/05 winter. Results for road surface temperature were checked against road station data from several highways, and results for the presence of snow on the road were checked against measurements from the Météo-France weather station network.

Decision Analysis of Lane Change Based on Fuzzy Logic

2013 ◽  
Vol 419 ◽  
pp. 790-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Shi ◽  
Ya Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Driver Model ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
The Road ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Analysis ◽  
Test Result

Aiming at the complexity of lane change process, fuzzy logic analysis method was proposed to analyzing this behavior. By assaying the multi lane change scene that the drivers may choose, influencing factors were quantified. Each indicator factor after quantified was treated as model input. PID models of driver, vehicle and road surface were established in Simulink condition. The road surface model controls whether the lane change process will be conducted, and the driver model will export angle of steering wheel to deciding the efficiency of lane change process. Real road test was conducted and the test result shows that information between human and vehicle can be fused sufficiently.

scholarly journals Detection of Coordinate Based Accident-Prone Areas on Road Surface using Machine Learning Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Anitha Kumari Dara ◽  
Dr. A. Govardhan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

The growth in the road networks in India and other developing countries have influenced the growth in transport industry and other industries, which depends on the road network for operations. The industries such as postal services or mover services have influenced the similar growths in these industries as well. However, the dependency of these industries is high on the road surface conditions and any deviation on the road surface conditions can also influence the performance of the services provided by the mentioned services. Nonetheless, the conditions of the road surface are one of the prime factors for road safety and number of evidences are found, which are discussed in subsequent sections of this work, that the bad road surface conditions are increasing the road accidents. Several parallel research attempts are deployed in order to find out, the regions where the road surface conditions are not proper, and the traffic density is higher. Nevertheless, outcomes of these parallel works are highly criticised due to the lack of accuracy in detection of the road surface defects, detection of accurate location of the defects and detection of the traffic density data from various sources. Thus, this work proposes a novel framework for detection of the road defect and further mapping to the spatial data coordinates resulting into the detection of the accident-prone zones or accident affinities of the roads. This work deploys a self-adjusting parametric coefficient-based regression model for detection of the risk factors of the road defects and in the other hand, extracts the traffic density of the road regions and further maps the accident affinities. This work outcomes into 97.69% accurate detection of the road accident affinity and demonstrates less complexity compared with the other parallel research outcomes

Site Reading

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Alworth
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Joan Didion ◽  
The Road ◽  
Robert Smithson ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Real Material ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

This book offers a new method of literary and cultural interpretation and a new theory of narrative setting by examining five sites—supermarkets, dumps, roads, ruins, and asylums—that have been crucial to American literature and visual art since the mid-twentieth century. Against the traditional understanding of setting as a static background for narrative action and character development, the book argues that sites figure in novels as social agents. Engaging a wide range of social and cultural theorists, especially Bruno Latour and Erving Goffman, the book examines how the literary figuration of real, material environments reorients our sense of social relations. To read the sites of fiction, the book demonstrates, is to reveal literature as a profound sociological resource, one that simultaneously models and theorizes collective life. Each chapter identifies a particular site as a point of contact for writers and artists—the supermarket for Don DeLillo and Andy Warhol; the dump for William Burroughs and Mierle Laderman Ukeles; the road for Jack Kerouac, Joan Didion, and John Chamberlain; the ruin for Thomas Pynchon and Robert Smithson; and the asylum for Ralph Ellison, Gordon Parks, and Jeff Wall—and shows how this site mediates complex interactions among humans and nonhumans. The result is an interdisciplinary study of American culture that brings together literature, visual art, and social theory to develop a new sociology of literature that emphasizes the sociology in literature.

scholarly journals ROAD EXTRACTION AND VECTORIZATION FROM AERIAL IMAGE DATA

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽  
pp. 1323-1327
Author(s):  
L. Zhu ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
H. Shimamura
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Aerial Image ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Center Line ◽  
Road Extraction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Road Network Extraction

Abstract. The objective of this study is the automatic extraction of the road network in a scene of the urban area from high resolution aerial image data. Our approach includes two stages aiming to solve two important issues respectively, i.e., an effective road extraction pipeline, and a precise vectorized road map. In the first stage, we proposed a so-called all element road model which describes a multiple-level structure of the basic road elements, i.e. intersection, central line, side lines, and road plane based on their spatial relations. An advanced road network extraction scheme was proposed to address the issues of tedious steps on segmentation, recognition and grouping, using the digital surface model (DSM) only. The key feature of the proposed approach was the cross validation of the road basic elements, which was applied all the way through the entire procedure of road extraction. In the second stage, the regularized road map was produced where center line and side lines subject to parallel and even layout rules. It gives more accurate and reliable map by utilizing both the height information of the DSM and the color information of the ortho image. Road surface was extracted from the image by region growing. Then, a regularized center line was modeled by linear regression using all the pixels of the road surface. The road width was estimated and two road side lines were modeled as the straight lines parallel with the center line. Finally, the road model was built up in terms of vectorized points and lines. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach performed satisfactorily in our test site.

Model of the wheel motion state under path constraints based on the Darboux frame in 3D space

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 2883-2903 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Zhang ◽  
Shaowei Yang ◽  
Zhengfeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Body Dynamics ◽  
Geometric Design ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rolling Velocity ◽  
The Road ◽  
Geometry Design ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Darboux Frame

Purpose Existing three-dimensional (3D) road-surface models use approximation methods such as a set of discrete triangular patches and cannot accurately describe changes in the geometrically designed elements along the road. This paper aims to construct a 3D road-surface model with combinations of geometric design invariants and apply the proposed model to analyse the state of motion of a wheel’s centre. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the 3D road surface is modelled as a continuous function with combinations of geometric design invariants. By introducing the theories of differential geometries and rigid body dynamics, a wheel-road model wherein a wheel fixed to a Darboux frame moves along a curved road surface is constructed, and the wheel time-dependent properties of the velocity, angular velocity and acceleration at an arbitrary point of the surface are described using road geometry design invariants. Findings This paper adopts the Darboux frame to study the instantaneous spin-rolling motion of a wheel. It is found that the magnitudes of the spin-rolling velocity, the acceleration and the geometric invariants of the road surface, including the geodesic curvature, the normal curvature and the geodesic torsion, determine the instantaneous states of motion of a wheel. Originality/value This work provides a theoretical foundation for future studies of wheel motion states, such as the relationship between road geometry design invariants and driving safety, vehicle lane changing and other vehicle microbehaviours. New insights are gained in the areas of road safety and vehicles incorporating artificial intelligence.

scholarly journals Environment and Genes: What Is the Interaction?

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Blumberg
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
Risk Environments ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from a continuum of complex interactions between a quartet of host-derived and external elements that involve various aspects of the intestinal microbiota, the immune system that is centered around the intestinal epithelial cell barrier, the genetic composition of the host and specific environmental factors. Recent studies into the complexity of these arrangements increasingly support the syndromic nature of this disorder and involve a wide range of interacting biologic pathways that affect innate immunity, adaptive immunity, endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy as well as metabolic pathways associated with cellular homeostasis. It is further likely that all of the aforementioned host factors including the microbiota, which is as much a part of ourselves as is any organ system, are under the influence of yet-to-be-understood environmental factors that predispose to and precipitate IBD. Notwithstanding the importance of genetic predisposition, these environmental influences are no doubt central to disease pathogenesis in light of the rapid emergence of IBD throughout the world and assumption of disease in migrating populations from low to high risk environments. It can thus be anticipated that environmental factors that modify the risk for development of IBD have the common attribute of affecting the relationship between the commensal microbiota and the immune system in a manner that intersects with the functionally relevant immuno-genetic pathways, and potentially modifies them through epigenetic effects, in a manner that are uniquely operative within a particular syndromic context of IBD and occur sequentially and in a reiterative fashion, perhaps beginning in early life.

The Heat Exchange and Stress Distributing of Expansive Soil in Site

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 1650-1653
Author(s):  
De Jian Wei ◽  
Xin Gui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Displacement Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Bare Area ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wide Range

Expansive soil is called as “problem soil”, which has a characteristic of swelling by absorbing water and shrinking by losing water. So buildings and sub-grade which are built on expansive soil, are easier to damage for lager deformation. Due to the large-scale urban construction, ground surface was covered in a wide range. For example, in tropics and subtropics areas, the water transfer in the expansive soil is influenced by the gradient of temperature, which is different between the central area under the road surface and road-side bare area. Because of the hysteresis of water transfer, the water content distributing is not uniform, which lead to the different swell-shrink performance in different zone, herewith will change some parameters of the expansive soil and finally affect its stress field and the displacement field. Take the road as the example: The road is a strip belt-shaped coverage. Both in dry and wet season, the thermodynamic field and water-flowing field is uneven between the central area under the road surface and road-side bare area, so the displacement field and the stress field on the cross-section under the road is uneven. Under the load of vehicle, the non-uniformity stress distributing in the soil is further aggravated, and the same to the displacement in the underlying sub-grade, which is a significant factor in aggravating the dehiscence of road surface. Comparing to general soil, expansive soil has a completely different distribution of temperate field and water-flowing condition because of its swell-shrink characteristic. By studying on the relationship between the thermodynamic field and the stress-strain in the expansive soil, it can find out how the climate affect the engineering expansive soil, and provide the theory basis for improving expansive soil.

A risk-based approach to winter road surface condition classification

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-191
Author(s):  
Liping Fu ◽  
Lalita Thakali ◽  
Tae J. Kwon ◽  
Taimur Usman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Condition ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Winter Weather ◽  
Single Class ◽  
The Road ◽  
Consistent Condition ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Highway Network

This paper presents a risk-based approach for classifying the road surface conditions of a highway network under winter weather events. A relative risk index (RRI) is developed to capture the effect of adverse weather conditions on the collision risk of a highway in reference to the normal driving conditions. Based on this index, multiple risk factors related to adverse winter weather conditions can be considered either jointly or separately. The index can also be used to aggregate different types of road conditions observed on any given route into a single class for risk-consistent condition classification and reporting. Two example applications are shown to illustrate the advantages of the proposed approach.

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