scholarly journals Regional Climate Responses in East Asia to the Black Carbon Aerosol Direct Effects from India and China in Summer

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (22) ◽  
pp. 9783-9800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Chen ◽  
Bingliang Zhuang ◽  
Jane Liu ◽  
Shu Li ◽  
Tijian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Cloud Amount ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Aerosol Loading ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Climate Responses

AbstractBlack carbon (BC) aerosol is a significant and short-lived climate forcing factor. Here, the direct effects of BC emissions from India (IDBC) and China (CNBC) are investigated in East Asia during summer using the state-of-the-art regional climate model RegCM4. In summer, IDBC and CNBC account for approximately 30% and 46% of the total BC emissions in Asia, respectively. The total BC column burden from the two countries and corresponding TOA effective radiative forcing are 1.58 mg m−2 and +1.87 W m−2 in East Asia, respectively. The regional air temperature increases over 0.3 K at maximum and precipitation decreases 0.028 mm day−1 on average. Individually, IDBC and CNBC each can bring about rather different effects on regional climate. IDBC can result in a cooling perturbation accompanied by a substantially increased cloud amount and scattering aerosol loading, resulting in a complex response in the regional precipitation, while CNBC can lead to regional warming, and further induce a local flood in northern China or drought in southern China depending on the opposite but significant circulation anomalies. CNBC plays a dominant role in modulating the regional climate over East Asia due to its higher magnitude, wider coverage, and stronger climate feedback. The direct effect of the total BC from both countries is not a linear combination of that of IDBC and CNBC individually, suggesting that the regional climate responses are highly nonlinear to the emission intensity or aerosol loading, which may be greatly related to the influences of the perturbed atmospheric circulations and climate feedback.

Interaction between the Black Carbon Aerosol Warming Effect and East Asian Monsoon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingliang Zhuang ◽  
Tijian Wang ◽  
Shu Li ◽  
Min Xie ◽  
Mengmeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
South China ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Meridional Circulation ◽  
East Asian Monsoon ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Black Carbon Aerosol

<p>Black carbon aerosol (BC) has a significant influence on regional climate changes due to its warming effect. Such changes will feedback to BC loadings. Here, the interactions between the BC warming effect and East Asian monsoon (EAM) in both winter (EAWM) and summer (EASM) are investigated using a regional climate model RegCM4, which essentially captures the EAM features and the BC variations in China. The seasonal mean BC optical depth is 0.021 over East Asia during winter, which is 10.5% higher than that during summer. Nevertheless, the BCs direct radiative forcing is 32% stronger during summer (+1.85 W/m<sup>2</sup>). The BC direct effect would induce lower air to warm by 0.11-0.12 K, which causes an meridional circulation anomaly associated with a cyclone at 20-30 <sup>o</sup>N and southerly anomalies at 850 hPa over East Asia. Consequently, the EAM circulation is weakened during winter but enhanced during summer. Precipitation is likely increased, especially in south China during summer (by 3.73%). Compared to BC changes due to EAM interannual variations, BC changes due to its warming effect are as important, but weaker. BC surface concentrations are decreased by 1~3% during both winter and summer, by 1~3%, while the columnar BC is increased in south China during winter. During the strongest monsoon years, the BC loadings are higher at lower latitudes than those during the weakest years, resulting in more southerly meridional circulation anomalies and BC feedbacks during both winter and summer. However, the interactions between the BC warming effect and EAWM/EASM are more intense during the weakest monsoon years.</p>

Interaction between the Black Carbon Aerosol Warming Effect and East Asian Monsoon Using RegCM4

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (22) ◽  
pp. 9367-9388 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Zhuang ◽  
S. Li ◽  
T. J. Wang ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
H. M. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Meridional Circulation ◽  
East Asian Monsoon ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Black Carbon Aerosol

AbstractBlack carbon aerosol (BC) has a significant influence on regional climate changes because of its warming effect. Such changes will feed back to BC loadings. Here, the interactions between the BC warming effect and the East Asian monsoon (EAM) in both winter (EAWM) and summer (EASM) are investigated using a regional climate model, RegCM4, that essentially captures the EAM features and the BC variations in China. The seasonal mean BC optical depth is 0.021 over East Asia during winter, which is 10.5% higher than that during summer. Nevertheless, the BC direct radiative forcing is 32% stronger during summer (+1.85 W m−2). The BC direct effect would induce lower air to warm by 0.11–0.12 K, which causes a meridional circulation anomaly associated with a cyclone at 20°–30°N and southerly anomalies at 850 hPa over East Asia. Consequently, the EAM circulation is weakened during winter but enhanced during summer. Precipitation is likely increased, especially in southern China during summer (by 3.73%). Relative to BC changes that result from EAM interannual variations, BC changes from its warming effect are as important but are weaker. BC surface concentrations are decreased by 1%–3% during both winter and summer, whereas the columnar BC is increased in south China during winter. During the strongest monsoon years, the BC loadings are higher at lower latitudes than those during the weakest years, resulting in more southerly meridional circulation anomalies and BC feedbacks during both winter and summer. However, the interactions between the BC warming effect and EAWM/EASM are more intense during the weakest monsoon years.

scholarly journals Simulation of dust aerosol and its regional feedbacks over East Asia using a regional climate model

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 4625-4667 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Zhang ◽  
A. S. Zakey ◽  
X. J. Gao ◽  
F. Giorgi
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Mass Load

Abstract. The ICTP regional climate model (RegCM3) coupled with a desert dust model is used to simulate the radiative forcing and related climate effects of dust aerosols over East Asia. Two sets of experiments encompassing the main dust producing months, February to May, for 10 years (1997–2006) are conducted and inter-compared, one without (Exp. 1) and one with (Exp. 2) the radiative effects of dust aerosols. The simulation results are evaluated against ground station and satellite data. The model captures the basic observed climatology over the area of interest. The spatial and temporal variations of near surface concentration, mass load, and emission of dust aerosols from the main source regions are reproduced by model, with the main model deficiency being an overestimate of dust amount over the source regions and underestimate downwind of these source areas. Both the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiative fluxes are decreased by dust and this causes a surface cooling locally up to −1°C. The inclusion of dust radiative forcing leads to a reduction of dust emission in the East Asia source regions, which is mainly caused by an increase in local stability and a corresponding decrease in dust lifting. Our results indicate that dust effects should be included in the assessment of climate change over East Asia.

scholarly journals Wet removal of black carbon in Asian outflow: Aerosol Radiative Forcing in East Asia (A-FORCE) aircraft campaign

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (D3) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Oshima ◽  
Y. Kondo ◽  
N. Moteki ◽  
N. Takegawa ◽  
M. Koike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Aerosol Radiative Forcing ◽  
Aerosol Radiative ◽  
Wet Removal

scholarly journals Time-Varying Climate Sensitivity from Regional Feedbacks

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 4518-4534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle C. Armour ◽  
Cecilia M. Bitz ◽  
Gerard H. Roe
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Climate Feedbacks ◽  
Geographic Pattern ◽  
Surface Warming

Abstract The sensitivity of global climate with respect to forcing is generally described in terms of the global climate feedback—the global radiative response per degree of global annual mean surface temperature change. While the global climate feedback is often assumed to be constant, its value—diagnosed from global climate models—shows substantial time variation under transient warming. Here a reformulation of the global climate feedback in terms of its contributions from regional climate feedbacks is proposed, providing a clear physical insight into this behavior. Using (i) a state-of-the-art global climate model and (ii) a low-order energy balance model, it is shown that the global climate feedback is fundamentally linked to the geographic pattern of regional climate feedbacks and the geographic pattern of surface warming at any given time. Time variation of the global climate feedback arises naturally when the pattern of surface warming evolves, actuating feedbacks of different strengths in different regions. This result has substantial implications for the ability to constrain future climate changes from observations of past and present climate states. The regional climate feedbacks formulation also reveals fundamental biases in a widely used method for diagnosing climate sensitivity, feedbacks, and radiative forcing—the regression of the global top-of-atmosphere radiation flux on global surface temperature. Further, it suggests a clear mechanism for the “efficacies” of both ocean heat uptake and radiative forcing.

scholarly journals Multi-year Downscaling Application of Online Coupled WRFCMAQ over East Asia for Regional Climate and Air Quality Modeling: Model Evaluation and Aerosol Direct Effects

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaopeng Hong ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Youhua Tang ◽  
Daniel Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Model Evaluation ◽  
Dynamical Downscaling ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Air Quality Modeling ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Quality Modeling

Abstract. In this study, a regional coupled climate-chemistry modeling system using the dynamical downscaling technique was established by linking the global Community Earth System Model (CESM) and the regional online coupled Weather Research and Forecasting – Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model for the purpose of comprehensive assessments of regional climate change and air quality and their interactions within one modeling framework. The modeling system was applied over East Asia for a multiyear climatological application during 2006–2010 driven with CESM downscaling data under Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP 4.5) as well as a short-term air quality application in representative months in 2013 driven with a reanalysis dataset. A comprehensive model evaluation was conducted against observations from surface networks and satellite observations to assess the model's performance. This study presents the first application and evaluation of the online coupled WRF-CMAQ model for climatological simulations using the dynamical downscaling technique. The model was able to satisfactorily predict major meteorological variables. The improved statistical performance for the 2-m temperature (T2) in this study compared with the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) multi-models might be related to the use of the regional model WRF and the bias-correction technique applied for CESM downscaling. The model showed good ability to predict PM2.5 in winter and O3 in summer in terms of statistical performance and spatial distributions. Compared with global models that tend to underpredict PM2.5 concentrations in China, WRF-CMAQ was able to capture the high PM2.5 concentrations in urban areas. In general, the online coupled WRF-CMAQ model performed well for both climatological and air quality applications. The coupled modeling system with direct aerosol feedbacks predicted aerosol optical depth relatively well and significantly reduced the overprediction in downward shortwave radiation at the surface (SWDOWN) over polluted regions in China. The performance of cloud variables was not as good as other meteorological variables, and underpredictions of cloud fraction resulted in overpredictions of SWDOWN and underpredictions of shortwave and longwave cloud forcing. The importance of climate-chemistry interactions was demonstrated via the impacts of aerosol direct effects on climate and air quality. The aerosol effects on climate and air quality in East Asia were more significant than in other regions because of higher aerosol loadings that resulted from severe regional pollution, which indicates the need for applying online-coupled models over East Asia for regional climate and air quality modeling and to study the important climate-chemistry interactions.

The Fast Response of the Atmospheric Water Cycle to Anthropogenic Black Carbon Aerosols during Summer in East Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 3049-3065
Author(s):  
Chen Pan ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Chenwei Fang ◽  
Hanqing Kang ◽  
Zhiming Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Studies of the climate effects of black carbon (BC) in East Asia are not abundant and the effects remain uncertain. Using the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) with Peking University’s emissions data, the fast response of the atmospheric water cycle to anthropogenic BC during summer in East Asia is investigated in this study. Results show that the CESM1-simulated BC concentration and its direct effective radiative forcing are comparable to observations. With the combination of aerosol–radiation interaction (ARI) and non-aerosol–radiation interaction (including aerosol–cloud interaction and surface albedo effects), anthropogenic BC induces a “wetter south and drier north” pattern over East Asia during summer. Also, anthropogenic BC affects the summer precipitation primarily through changing moisture transport rather than altering local evaporation over East Asia. Using the self-developed atmospheric water tracer method, the responses of dominant moisture sources [the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) and northwest Pacific] to anthropogenic BC are investigated. Results show that the moisture originating from southwest monsoon-related sources (especially the TIO) is more responsive to anthropogenic BC effects over East Asia. In particular, differing from total precipitation, TIO-supplied precipitation shows a significant response to the ARI of anthropogenic BC over East Asia. Process analyses show that anthropogenic BC affects the southwest monsoon-related moisture supplies primarily via advection, deep convection, and cloud macrophysics. Interestingly, the anthropogenic BC-induced changes of TIO-supplied water vapor in these three processes are all dominated by the ARI over East Asia.

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