scholarly journals A Climatological Perspective of Transient Synoptic Features during NAME 2004

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1947-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur V. Douglas ◽  
Phillip J. Englehart
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
North American Monsoon ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Synoptic Features ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Synoptic Feature

Abstract This note provides a first look at a recently developed long-term climatology of transient synoptic features in northern Mexico. Key features investigated include inverted troughs, cutoff lows, cold fronts, and open troughs (westerly short waves). This 35-yr analysis of transient systems crossing northern Mexico (1967–2001) was developed to help place the summer climatology of the 2004 North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) into a broader perspective. Inverted troughs are found to be the most commonly occurring transient synoptic feature during the monsoon with a mean frequency of occurrence of 55 days per summer season (June–September). Inverted troughs are found to contribute from 20% to 25% of the average summer rainfall observed in northern Mexico. Rainfall doubles during inverted trough days compared to days without transient systems being present. In 2004 the monsoon season was greatly shortened due to a poorly developed subtropical high. Compared to long-term means, inverted troughs contributed less rainfall to the region in 2004 and this was, in part, associated with the shortened monsoon season. In contrast, frontal penetration into the region was almost double the 35-yr mean. These climatologies are designed to provide NAME researchers with benchmarks to assess model performance relative to how these models handle these systems and their associated rainfall. The work presented is a small portion of a much larger study that aims to determine the impact of all of these rain-bearing transient systems on the monsoon in northern Mexico.

The Impact of Aerosols on the Summer Rainfall Frequency in China

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1802-1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Sang Choi ◽  
Chang-Hoi Ho ◽  
Jinwon Kim ◽  
Dao-Yi Gong ◽  
Rokjin J. Park
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate ◽  
Cloud Amount ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Aerosol Concentration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cloud Optical Depth ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Rainfall Frequency ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The authors investigate the short-term relationship between aerosol concentrations and summer rainfall frequency in China using the daily surface observations of particulate matters with a diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10) mass concentration, rainfall, and satellite-observed cloud properties. Results in this study reveal that on the time scale of a few days aerosol concentration is positively correlated with the frequency of moderate-rainfall (10–20 mm day−1) days but is negatively correlated with the frequency of light-rainfall (<5 mm day−1) days. Satellite observations of cloud properties show that higher aerosol concentrations are positively correlated with the increase in mixed cloud amount, cloud effective radius, cloud optical depth, and cloud-top heights; this corresponds to the decrease in low-level liquid clouds and the increase in midlevel ice–mixed clouds. Based on this analysis, the authors hypothesize that the increase in aerosol concentration results in the increase in summer rainfall frequency in China via enhanced ice nucleation in the midtroposphere. However, over the past few decades, observations show an increasing long-term trend in aerosol concentration but decreasing trends in summer rainfall frequency and relative humidity (RH) in China. Despite the short-term positive relationship between summer rainfall frequency and aerosol concentration found in this study, the long-term variations in summer rainfall frequency in China are mainly determined by other factors including RH variation possibly caused by global and regional climate changes. A continuous decrease in RH resulting in less summer rainfall frequency may further enhance aerosol concentrations in the future in conjunction with the increase in the anthropogenic emissions.

scholarly journals Using Markov Analysis to Study the Impact of Temperature in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Janardan Mahanta ◽  
Soumen Kishor Nath ◽  
Md. Haronur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Markov Analysis ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Chain Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stationary Probabilities

In this paper has been studied the temperature trend in Bangladesh. Long-term changes of surface air temperature over Bangladesh have been studied using the available historical data collected by the Bangladesh meteorological Department (BMD). Daily temperature data is collected from BMD in Dhaka and Chittagong. Then month have been divided according to season and their descriptive statistics are computed. Maximum average temperature in pre-monsoon season and minimum average temperature in winter season have been shown in the paper. This study also reveals that temperature has increased over the time. Markov chain analysis has been applied for these data so as to find the stationary probability. After 26 and 13 days stationary probabilities in Dhaka and Chittagong stations respectively have observed.

scholarly journals Prediction of Climate Change Effect on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Arid Region

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4730
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elhadi Matallah ◽  
Waqas Ahmed Mahar ◽  
Mushk Bughio ◽  
Djamel Alkama ◽  
Atef Ahriz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
The Impact

Climate change and expected weather patterns in the long-term threaten the livelihood inside oases settlements in arid lands, particularly under the recurring heat waves during the harsh months. This paper investigates the impact of climate change on the outdoor thermal comfort within a multifamily housing neighborhood that is considered the most common residential archetype in Algerian Sahara, under extreme weather conditions in the summer season, in the long-term. It focuses on assessing the outdoor thermal comfort in the long-term, based on the Perceived Temperature index (PT), using simulation software ENVI-met and calculation model RayMan. Three different stations in situ were conducted and combined with TMY weather datasets for 2020 and the IPCC future projections: A1B, A2, B1 for 2050, and 2080. The results are performed from two different perspectives: to investigate how heat stress evolution undergoes climate change from 2020 till 2080; and for the development of a mathematical algorithm to predict the outdoor thermal comfort values in short-term, medium-term and long-term durations. The results indicate a gradual increase in PT index values, starting from 2020 and progressively elevated to 2080 during the summer season, which refers to an extreme thermal heat-stress level with differences in PT index averages between 2020 and 2050 (+5.9 °C), and 2080 (+7.7 °C), meaning no comfortable thermal stress zone expected during 2080. This study gives urban climate researchers, architects, designers and urban planners several insights into predicted climate circumstances and their impacts on outdoor thermal comfort for the long-term under extreme weather conditions, in order to take preventive measures for the cities’ planning in the arid regions.

Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Meier ◽  
Anja König ◽  
Samuel Parak ◽  
Katharina Henke
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Indirect Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cue Words ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

Examining the Impact of the Disabled Youth Peer Development Initiative: What are the Long-Term Outcomes?

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Garate-Serafini ◽  
Jose Mendez ◽  
Patty Arriaga ◽  
Larry Labiak ◽  
Carol Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of Different Treatments on Long-Term Symptoms in Vestibular Schwannoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (S 02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Lund-Johansen ◽  
Øystein Tveiten ◽  
Monica Finnkirk ◽  
Erling Myrseth ◽  
Frederik Goplen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Schwannoma ◽  
The Impact

The influence of inflation targeting on the pass-through effect of the exchange rate

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Ph. S. Kartaev ◽  
Yu. I. Yakimova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies the impact of the transition to the inflation targeting regime on the magnitude of the pass-through effect of the exchange rate to prices. We analyze cross-country panel data on developed and developing countries. It is shown that the transition to this regime of monetary policy contributes to a significant reduction in both the short- and long-term pass-through effects. This decline is stronger in developing countries. We identify the main channels that ensure the influence of the monetary policy regime on the pass-through effect, and examine their performance. In addition, we analyze the data of time series for Russia. It was concluded that even there the transition to inflation targeting led to a decrease in the dependence of the level of inflation on fluctuations in the ruble exchange rate.

Secular stagnation in the modern world

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Drobyshevsky ◽  
P. V. Trunin ◽  
A. V. Bozhechkova
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Destruction Process ◽  
Secular Stagnation ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies the factors of secular stagnation. Key factors of long-term slowdown in economic growth include the slowdown of technological development, aging population, human capital accumulation limits, high public debt, creative destruction process violation etc. The authors analyze key theoretical aspects of long-term stagnation and study the impact of these factors on Japanies economy. The authors conclude that most of the factors have significant influence on the Japanese economy for recent decades, but they cannot explain all dynamics. For Russia, on the contrary, we do not see any grounds for considering the decline in the economy since 2013 as an episode of secular stagnation.

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