Behavioral Theories and Treatment of Anxiety

1986 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACK M. GORMAN
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Theories

A review of the behavioral theories of autism and evidence for an environmental etiology.

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Michael D. Hixson ◽  
Jennifer L. Wilson ◽  
Sara J. Doty ◽  
Jason C. Vladescu
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Theories

Understanding Health Behavior: An Integrated Model for Social Marketers

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Cismaru ◽  
Anne M. Lavack ◽  
Heather Hadjistavropoulos ◽  
Kim D. Dorsch
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model ◽  
Behavioral Theories ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Social Marketing Campaigns ◽  
Insight Into

Many effective social marketing campaigns seek to change health-related behavior by utilizing various health-protective behavioral theories. In this article, we review and integrate three such theories: protection motivation theory (PMT), the extended parallel process model (EPPM), and the transtheoretical model (TTM). We highlight how EPPM and TTM can be used to refine PMT by adding insight into the decision-making process involved when consumers consider whether or not to follow a particular recommended health behavior. Specifically, the development of an integrated PMT model can provide insight into the characteristics of people more or less likely to change, what happens when persuasion fails, and what can be done to increase persuasion. Developing an integrated PMT model opens new avenues of research that have the potential to increase our understanding of behavior and assist in creating more persuasive social marketing campaigns.

Why do business losses cause conflict?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-232
Author(s):  
Henrik Lando
Keyword(s):  
Contract Theory ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Negative Reciprocity ◽  
Behavioral Theories ◽  
Full Rationality

Evidence suggests that conflicts between contracting parties are more prone to occur when a party has suffered a significant loss. It is argued that the phenomenon is difficult to understand within conventional contract theory, which assumes full rationality, while behavioral theories based on the concepts of motivated reasoning and reciprocity provide interesting explanations. Thus, losses can trigger motivated, self-serving perceptions and beliefs, which in turn are likely to induce negative reciprocity as well as counter-productive acts aimed at bolstering self-image. These explanations are demonstrated to be well supported by experiments.

Applying Behavioral Theories to a Social Marketing Campaign

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jami L. Fraze ◽  
Maria Rivera-Trudeau ◽  
Laura McElroy
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Social Marketing Campaign ◽  
Prevention Messages ◽  
Behavioral Theories ◽  
The Social ◽  
Innovation Model

In 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began developing a social marketing campaign, Prevention IS Care, to encourage physicians to routinely screen HIV-infected patients for HIV transmission behaviors and to deliver HIV prevention messages. The planning team selected behavioral theories on the basis of formative research conducted during 2004–2005 and integrated these theories into the social marketing framework. The team decided to use the diffusion of innovation model and social cognitive theory. They selected as their target audience primary care and infectious disease physicians in private practice who deliver care to 50 or more persons living with HIV (PLWH). The social marketing framework, the diffusion of innovation model, and the social cognitive theory facilitated the development of this audience-centered campaign and provided elements that may encourage physicians to adopt the innovation: routine screening of HIV-infected patients for HIV transmission behaviors and delivery of HIV prevention messages during office visits.

The Effect of Relative Performance Information on Performance and Effort Allocation in a Multi-Task Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lynn Hannan ◽  
Gregory P. McPhee ◽  
Andrew H. Newman ◽  
Ivo D. Tafkov
Keyword(s):  
Employee Performance ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Task Environment ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
Behavioral Theories ◽  
The Social ◽  
Distortion Effect ◽  
Relative Performance Information ◽  
Motivation Effect

ABSTRACT This study investigates how relative performance information (RPI) affects employee performance and allocation of effort across tasks in a multi-task environment. Based on behavioral theories, we predict that the social comparison process inherent in RPI induces both a motivation effect that results in increased effort as well as an effort distortion effect that results in the distortion of effort allocations across tasks away from the firm-preferred allocations. We also predict that both effects are magnified when the RPI is public compared to private. We argue that although the motivation effect will generally benefit performance, the effort distortion effect may be detrimental to performance. We design an experiment that isolates these two effects. Consistent with our predictions, we find that RPI induces both motivation and effort distortion effects and that both effects are magnified when the RPI is public rather than private. Although the motivation effect increases performance, we demonstrate that the effort distortion effect can decrease performance. By isolating the motivation and effort distortion effects, our study provides insights into the costs and benefits of RPI in a multi-task environment. As such, it informs accountants regarding the design of information systems and when tasks should be aggregated or disaggregated across employees. Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.

Understanding determinants of the intention to purchase rhino horn in Vietnam through the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoai Nam Dang Vu ◽  
Martin Reinhardt Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Interpersonal Behaviour ◽  
Intention To Purchase ◽  
Behavioral Theories ◽  
Facilitating Conditions ◽  
Near Future

Demand for rhino horn in Asian markets is driving a rhino poaching crisis in Africa. This study examined rhino horn demand using the theory of planned behaviour and the theory of interpersonal behaviour. We conducted a survey of 427 individuals in Hanoi, Vietnam, including 281 rhino horn users and 146 non-users. We empirically tested all constructs of the two theories predicting intention to purchase, including attitude, subjective norms, social factors, perceived behavioral control, facilitating conditions, affect, and habit using structural equation modelling. Perceived behavioral control and habit were the sole determinants of the intention to purchase rhino horn. Respondents with higher disposable income and better knowledge about how to purchase and use rhino horn and those with previous experience using rhino horn were more likely to intend to purchase this good. However, frequent users had a lower intention to purchase rhino horn in the near future than those having used rhino horn only once or a few times. We discuss the implications of our results for policy-making and the informed design of behaviour modification strategies to reduce rhino horn demand. Our study also highlights the benefit of combining different behavioral theories in studying sensitive behaviours such as the consumption of illegal luxury wildlife products.

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