Response to self-care practice messages among patients with diabetes mellitus visiting Jimma University medical center facility based cross sectional design application of extended parallel process model

Objective To determine response to self-care practice message among patients with diabetes in Jimma University Medical center based on the Extended Parallel Process Model. Design A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Setting Jimma University Medical Center is found in Jimma town. Participants A total of 343 patients with diabetes participated in the study; making a response rate of 93.9%. All patients with diabetes who were 18 years and above and who were on follow up and registered were included in the study and those with Gestational DM were excluded. Data analysis Multivariable logistic regression analysis. Result Responsive respondents scored high in self-care practice score as compared to other respondents. educational status, information sources, knowledge, and preferred message appeals were independent predictors of controlling the danger of diabetes. Conclusion There is a significant gap in controlling the danger of diabetes. Variables like the level of education, knowledge of diabetes mellitus, information sources, and message appeals were independent predictors of controlling the danger of diabetes. Designing message having higher efficacy while maintaining the level of threat is the best that fits the existing audience’s message processing to bring about desired diabetic self-care Practice.

Extended parallel process model (EPPM) in evaluating lung Cancer risk perception among older smokers

Background There is a lack of scientific literature on the application of fear appeals theories to evaluate lung cancer risk perception among smokers. The aim of the present study is to apply the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) to discover the perception of the smokers about their lifetime risk of developing lung cancer (perceived susceptibility), their perception of lung cancer survival (perceived severity), response efficacy, self-efficacy, and readiness to quit. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 215 eligible smokers (aged 45 years and over who have smoked at least 1 pack per day in the last 5 years) were recruited. The data collection tool was designed using validate self-report questionnaires and it was contained items on the perceived risk of a smoker contracting lung cancer and perceived lung cancer survival rate. It also had questions to measure the main constructs of the EPPM and Readiness to quit (“Low_Readiness”, and “High_Readiness”). To test how the data support conceptual EPPM to data, Generalized Structural Equation Modeling (GSEM) was used. Results Findings showed a significant relationship between Perceived_Susceptibility and Perceived_Response Efficacy; (B = 1.16, P < 0.001); between Perceived_Susceptibility and Perceived_Self Efficacy, (B = -0.93, P < 0.001), Perceived_Severity, and Perceived_Response Efficacy (B = 1.07, P < 0.001). There was also a significant relationship between Perceived_Threat and Perceived_Response Efficacy; between Perceived_Threat and Perceived_Self Efficacy. The relationship between High_Readiness and Perceived_Self Efficacy, and between High_Readiness and Perceived_Severity also were significant. However, the relationships between High_Readiness and Perceived_Threat were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion Perceived_threat and Perceived_efficacy were important for smokers with low readiness to quit, while Perceived_efficacy was most important for smokers with high readiness to quit. These findings could be used in promoting lung cancer awareness and designing smoking cessation programs based on smokers’ stages of change.

Experimental Study to Improves Covid-19 Health Protocol Compliance with High Threat and High Efficacy Poster

This study examines the health campaign of Covid-19 using the extended parallel process model (EPPM) theory. The objective and gap that was successfully filled by this research are to examine the effect of the poster with high threat and high efficacy to obedience to implement Covid-19 health protocol in Indonesia context. In contrast, obedience is divided into aspects of attitude and second aspects of behaviour according to Blass's concept of obedience. This study uses a quantitative approach with an experimental method by grouping respondents into two groups. The first is the treatment group that received a poster. The second is a control group that did not receive any posters. The total number of respondents of this research was 95, representing proportionally by categories of sex and categories of age. This research has met the scientific principles required. This study found that poster with high threat and high efficacy has a significant effect of improving the attitude aspects of obedience to implement Covid-19 health protocol because when respondents saw a poster with high threat and high efficacy, respondents felt that the threat posed by covid-19 was so high that could turn into death, another reason is a poster with high threat, and high efficacy evokes the memory of respondents to remember their relatives, close person or family who have been confirmed positive with Covid-19 virus. This study also found that poster with high threat and high efficacy does not affect behavioural aspects. This means that posters with high threat and high efficacy proved to make changes with the attitude aspects to improve people obedience to implement Covid-19 health protocol but, it has not been proven to change the behavioural aspects.Riset ini meneliti kampanye kesehatan Covid-19 menggunakan pisau analisa teori extended parallel process model (EPPM). Tujuan dan celah yang berhasil diisi dari penelitian ini dibandingkan penelitian terdahulu adalah menguji pengaruh pemberian poster ancaman tinggi dan efikasi tinggi terhadap kepatuhan protokol kesehatan Covid-19 dalam konteks Indonesia, adapun kepatuhan dibagi ke dalam dua aspek yakni aspek sikap dan aspek perilaku sesuai konsep kepatuhan Blass. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yakni metode eksperimen dengan membagi responden ke dalam dua kelompok yang pertama adalah kelompok perlakuan/treatment yang mendapat poster dan kedua adalah kelompok kontrol yang tidak mendapat poster, jumlah responden sebanyak 95 yang mewakili masing-masing kategori jenis kelamin dan kategori usia secara proporsional. Riset ini telah dilaksanakan mengacu pada kaidah-kaidah ilmiah. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pemberian poster ancaman tinggi dan efikasi tinggi berpengaruh signifikan meningkatkan aspek sikap kepatuhan protokol kesehatan Covid-19 karena saat melihat poster ancaman tinggi dan efikasi tinggi responden merasa ancaman yang ditimbulkan oleh Covid-19 amat besar hingga dapat menimbulkan kematian, alasan lain yakni poster ancaman tinggi dan efikasi tinggi membangkitkan memori responden yang teringat orang dekat, kerabat maupun keluarga yang pernah terkonfirmasi positif virus Covid-19. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa poster ancaman tinggi dan efikasi tinggi tidak berpengaruh terhadap aspek perilaku. Artinya pemberian poster ancaman tinggi dan efikasi tinggi terbukti mengubah aspek sikap untuk lebih mematuhi protokol kesehatan Covid-19 tetapi, tidak terbukti mengubah aspek perilaku.

Impacts of Gain Versus Loss Frame Messages About Beverages on Boy Students, an Application of Extended Parallel Process Model

Background: Unhealthy diet including consumption of high amounts of Sugar-sweetened beverages is a key modifiable risk factor for obesity and NCDs which begin in childhood and adolescence. The study aimed to compare the effect of gain frame vs. loss frame messages on SSBs consumption intention and behavior of high school boy students. Methods: In this three-arm educational randomized controlled trial, 270 students from three boy’s high schools which were selected through a multistage random sampling. data collection was done through a 15 items self-reported questionnaire before and two months after the intervention. each of the two intervention groups received one of the two types of gain frame or loss frame designed pamphlets inspired with extended parallel process model. The control group received no pamphlet. Results: In control, GFM and LFM groups 91, 86 and 89 students participated in the study, respectively. After the intervention significant differences were observed in perceived efficacy and threat of the GFM group and perceived efficacy, threat and intention in the LFM group compared with before the intervention. The GFM group had higher perceived self-efficacy than the control group and lower perceived severity than the LFM group. Intention to consume SSBs reduced significantly in LFM group, compared with the control group.Conclusions: A combination of LFM and GFM messages could more effectively lead to nutritional behavior change regarding the consumption of SSBs. results help to design messages for educational programs and nutritional campaigns.

Fear Appeals, Crisis and the Apocalypse of John: Analyzing an Apocalyptic Coping Strategy with the Extended Parallel Process Model

This article will present and heuristically utilize the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) to analyze fear appeals in the Apocalypse of John. John sought to increase the fear of God in his hearers as a means to cope with other pressing fears and motivate faithful obedience (in line with his vision of what that entails). John rhetorically utilized fear appeals to reshape his hearers’ perceptions of danger and efficacy. He sought to increase fear of one object (God) and the inescapable crisis of divine judgment in order to decrease fear of other crises (death, disease, natural disasters, war, oppressive government, poverty, low social status).

Susceptibility of falling behind current medical knowledge among health-care professionals: the extended parallel process model

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to appraise the possible response outcomes (no response, fear control or danger control) of a fear-based message on falling behind current medical knowledge among health-care professionals (HCPs). Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted using a quantitative research design. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2,873 health-care facilities across 36 districts of Punjab. The Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) provided a theoretical framework for this study. The important components to EPPM such as threat, efficacy and outcomes were used to collect the data. The collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Findings HCPs perceived high susceptibility and threat of falling behind current medical knowledge. A majority of the HCPs were at the danger control process and engaged in a behavior that is recommended for adaptive behavioral changes. Clinical experience and enrollment in post-graduation programs (e.g. FCPS, MCPS) were significant factors as to HCPs’ perceived response efficacy. Research limitations/implications The responses were obtained using a structured questionnaire, which is always subject to respondents’ personal biases and ability to understand the question’s statement. Practical implications This study has important implications in terms of introducing promotional, educational and logistical interventions that could help in HCPs overcoming the fear of falling behind current medical knowledge and develop productive and adoptive information behavior thus improving patient care and outcome. Originality/value This is the first large-scale empirical study in Pakistan that measured the level of threat and efficacy among HCPs using the EPPM. It proposes a framework for developing long-lasting adaptive information behavioral changes that may result in informed patient care and better decision-making.

No significant association of repeated messages with changes in health compliance in the COVID-19 pandemic: a registered report on the extended parallel process model

When people are confronted with health proposals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it has been suggested that fear of COVID-19 can serve protective functions and ensure public health compliance. However, health proposal repetition and its perceived efficacy also influence the behavior intention toward the proposal, which has not yet been confirmed in the COVID-19 context. The present study examined whether the extended parallel process model (EPPM) could be generalized to a naturalistic context like the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we explored how repetition of a health proposal is involved with the EPPM. In this study, two groups of participants were exposed to the same health proposal related to COVID-19, where one group was exposed once and another group twice. Participants then filled out a questionnaire consisting of items concerning behavior intention and adapted from the Risk Behavior Diagnosis Scale. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the multivariate associations between the variables. Although the results showed that behavior intention is predicted by perceived efficacy, no significant influence of perceived threat was detected. Furthermore, no significant effect of repetition was found toward either response efficacy or perceived susceptibility. These findings indicate that to promote health compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is more efficient to focus on health proposals’ perceived efficacy rather than the disease’s perceived threat. For future health communication research, the present study suggests improved analysis strategies and repeated manipulation of messages.