Multilevel Analysis of Protest: Application for Small N Designs

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110216
Author(s):  
Kateřina Vráblíková
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
The United States ◽  
Composition Effects ◽  
Political Opportunities ◽  
Large N ◽  
Small N ◽  
Multilevel Effects ◽  
Integrate Data

Protest is the result of complex multilevel processes. It is triggered by contextual factors such as political opportunities or events, it depends on organizations’ mobilizing capacity as well as on the type of people who protest, and it is shaped by the characteristics of the populations they come from. To effectively study the antecedents that operate at various levels, social movement research needs to integrate data from multiple analytical levels and systematically examine the relationships across the various levels. While large N statistical techniques of multilevel modelling are well understood, less is known about applying multilevel analysis research examining small number of cases. The article develops conceptual and methodological tools for multilevel analysis of protests in studies with a small number of cases. First, it demonstrates the empirical requirements associated with analyzing three types of multilevel effects: contextual effects, composition effects, and cross-level interactions. Next, specific multilevel small N designs that can be used to examine the three multilevel effects are presented. The last section uses the multilevel approach to examine the demobilization of anti-Iraq War protests in the United States.

Using Item-level Analyses to Better Understand the Consequences of Partialing Procedures: An Example Using the Dark Triad

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Vize ◽  
Katherine Collison ◽  
Donald Lynam ◽  
Josh Miller
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Residual Content ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Large N ◽  
Dirty Dozen ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Variable Content ◽  
Small N

Objective: Partialing procedures are frequently used in psychological research. The present study sought to further explore the consequences of partialing, focusing on the replicability of partialing-based results. Method: We used popular measures of the Dark Triad (DT; Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) to explore the replicability of partialing procedures. We examined whether the residual content of popular DT scales are similar to the residual content of DT scales derived from separate samples based on relations with individual items from the IPIP-NEO-120, allowing for a fine-grained analysis of residual variable content. Results: Profiles were compared using three sample sizes (Small N=156-157, Moderate N = 313-314, Large N = 627-628) randomly drawn from a large MTurk sample (N = 1,255). There was low convergence among original/residual DT scales within samples. Additionally, results showed the content of residual Dirty Dozen scales was not similar across samples. Similar results were found for Short Dark Triad-Machiavellianism, but only in the moderate and small samples. Conclusion: The results indicate that there are important issues that arise when using partialing procedures, including replicability issues surrounding residual variables. Reasons for the observed results are discussed and further research examining the replicability of residual-based results is recommended.

Coverage of the Iraq War in the United States, Mainland China, Taiwan and Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Guo ◽  
Yi-Ning Katherine Chen ◽  
Hong Vu ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Radoslaw Aksamit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
The United States

Russia and the Iraq War: was Putin’s policy a failure?

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galia Golan
Keyword(s):  
Iraq War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Russian President ◽  
Post War ◽  
Vladimir Putin

Although Russian President Vladimir Putin has been faced with numerous crises since coming to office in 2000, most importantly the war in Chechnya, the Iraq War was the first major international crisis with which his administration was confronted. As in the case of Kosovo for Yeltsin, and the Gulf War for Gorbachev, the Russian President had to deal with conflicting domestic pressures and apparently still more conflicting Russian national and international interests. Indeed, one result of such a situation was a post-war accusation that Putin actually had no policy or at least no consistent policy with regard to the Iraq crisis [Golan, G., 1992. Gorbachev’s difficult time in the Gulf. Political Science Quarterly 107 (2), 213–230]. One may remember similar accusations of Gorbachev’s ‘‘zigzaging’’ in the Gulf War and claims that the Yeltsin government failed to forge a Kasovo policy altogether [Levitin, O., 2000. Inside Moscow’s Kosovo muddle. Survival 42 (1), 130]. Yet, a certain pattern did appear to repeat itself in the Iraqi crisis, namely, pre-war efforts to prevent a military conflict from breaking out, then gradual escalation of rhetoric if not actual involvement, and finally gradual but relatively rapid retreat to conciliatory posture toward the United States (in all three crises). Moreover, Putin was indeed consistent throughout the pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis periods in his opposition to the Americans’ use of force against Iraq and in the need to remain within a United Nations framework. Actually, one might ask (and we shall below) why Putin did not abandon the first part of this policy, in order to maintain the second component, when it became certain that the U.S. was going to attack, with or without UN Security Council approval.

Response to James Lebovic's review of Why Intelligence Fails: Lessons from the Iranian Revolution and the Iraq War

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1169-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jervis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bright Side ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cold War

Among the many issues raised by James Lebovic's perceptive review are two that strike me as crucial: the relationships between intelligence and social science and those between intelligence and policymaking. The first itself has two parts, one being how scholars can study intelligence. Both access and methods are difficult. For years, diplomatic historians referred to intelligence as the “hidden dimension” of their subject. Now it is much more open, and Great Britain, generally more secretive than the United States, has just issued the authorized history of MI5 (see Christopher Andrew, Defend the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, 2009). Since the end of the Cold War, the CIA has released extensive, if incomplete, records, and the bright side (for us) of intelligence failures is that they lead to the release of treasure troves of documents, which can often be supplemented by memoirs and interviews. But even more than in other aspects of foreign policy analysis, we are stuck with evidence that is fragmentary. In this way, we resemble scholars of ancient societies, who forever lament the loss of most of the material they want to study.

Studying Non-Democratic Regional Organizations: Methodological Issues

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Anastassia V. Obydenkova ◽  
Alexander Libman
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Large N ◽  
The World ◽  
Small N

The chapter describes the methodology of this book’s analysis. In particular, it presents details on our mixed methods research strategy and how the insights from the small-N studies contribute to the large-N research. In particular, it describes the benefits of using a concurrent instead of a sequential research design for our research question; it shows how we integrate the findings from the world-wide (large-N) analysis with the analysis of three regional organizations in post-Soviet Eurasia (combining large-N and small-N approaches). It also shows how the theoretical concept of non-democratic regional organizations can be operationalized empirically and presents details on the data that are used.

Anatomical Basis of Liver Hanging Maneuver: A Clinical and Anatomical in Vivo Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1193-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Maria Ettorre ◽  
Richard Douard ◽  
Valerio Corazza ◽  
Roberto Santoro ◽  
Giovanni Vennarecci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vena Cava ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Hepatic Veins ◽  
Minor Bleeding ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Liver Hanging Maneuver ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Hanging Maneuver ◽  
Large N ◽  
Small N

Liver Hanging Maneuver (LHM) provides better exposure of the deeper section plane together with Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) protection during right hepatectomies without primary liver mobilization. This study assessed the feasibility and complication rates of LHM focusing on the anatomical distribution of the accessory hepatic veins in the retrohepatic portion of the IVC. From January 2002 to December 2005, LHM was planned in 49 consecutive major hepatectomies. The IVC retrohepatic portion was studied during the anhepatic phase in 17 liver transplantations with IVC preservation. The diameter and location of the vein openings were recorded after IVC division into nine portions. LHM was achieved in 47/49 patients (96%). Bleeding occurred in only one patient (2%) and did not entail procedure interruption. The anatomical study revealed a total of 86 veins present in 17 cases (5.18 ± 4 per patient) and classified them according to diameter (<3, 3 to 6, and >6 mm), as small (n = 40), medium (n = 29), and large (n = 17), respectively. Nine openings were found in the avascular channel for 6/17 (35%) patients (small n = 6, medium n = 3, large n = 0). LHM is a highly feasible procedure with minor bleeding risks due to the lower density and small diameter of short hepatic veins and caudate veins present in the avascular channel.

scholarly journals Using Concepts from the Study of Social Movements to Understand Community Response to Liquefied Natural Gas Development in Clatsop County, Oregon

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trang Tran ◽  
Casey L. Taylor ◽  
Hilary S. Boudet ◽  
Keith Baker ◽  
Holly L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Project Outcomes ◽  
Political Opportunities

Shifts in natural gas supply and demand since the early 2000s have triggered proposals for import and export terminals in coastal locations around the United States. Demand for such facilities is likely to grow with increasing rates of natural gas exports. Clatsop County, Oregon, is one such location that experienced over 10 years of debate surrounding the development of these facilities. The first liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility was proposed in this area in 2004; the final was withdrawn in 2016. While residents expressed both support and opposition early on, opposition dominated by the end. Drawing on insights from the literature on social movements, we conduct a case study of community response to LNG proposals in Clatsop County. We show how opponents were able to successfully frame the potential risks of LNG in a manner that had strong community salience, allowing them to appropriate resources and create political opportunities to advance their cause and influence local and state decisions. Engaging with this case provides an opportunity to observe the behavior and decisions of both opponents and supporters over time, and how they affected project outcomes. LNG proposals in Oregon have been among the most controversial cases of LNG development in the United States. As shale gas development continues to grow, understanding the conflicts involved with its associated infrastructure is critical to creating a more just and equitable energy system.

scholarly journals The Early Stages of Post-Collapse Cluster Evolution

1985 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 331-333
Author(s):  
Stephen L. W. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Identical Point ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Cluster Evolution ◽  
Large N ◽  
Small N

We present here some recent (and very preliminary) findings from a study of the early stages of the post-core-collapse evolution of an isolated cluster of identical point “stars”. The method used to follow the behavior of the system is the unified N-body/statistical treatment described in detail by McMillan and Lightman (1984a) and by Lightman and McMillan elsewhere in this volume. Briefly, the method combines the standard “large-N” and “small-N” approaches to the problem in the régimes where they are appropriate by treating the inner regions (r < rN) exactly with a regularized Aarseth N-body code (Aarseth, 1972), while permitting stars at greater and greater radii to retain less and less of their individual identities, ultimately treating the outer portions of the system (r > KrN) in an almost purely statistical fashion.

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