Otosclerosis: Incidence of Positive Findings on High-Resolution Computed Tomography and Their Correlation to Audiological Test Data

Objectives: Computed tomographic (CT) scanning with slices of 1 mm or more has not been sufficient to demonstrate otosclerotic foci in most cases to date. Methods: We investigated the validity of CT scans with a 0.5-mm cubical scan technique, with and without planar reconstruction, and correlated these findings with audiological data. Forty-four temporal bone CT scans from 30 patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss were evaluated. Results: Otosclerotic foci were visualized in 74% of the cases. With reconstruction at the workstation, the sensitivity increased to 85%. Whereas in fenestral otosclerosis a correlation was found between the size of the focus and the air-bone gap, no correlation was seen between the size of the focus and bone conduction thresholds with cochlear involvement. Otosclerotic foci in patients treated with sodium fluoride were smaller than those in patients without treatment. This finding may indicate a beneficial effect of sodium fluoride on otosclerotic growth. Conclusions: High-resolution CT scans are a valid tool that can be used to confirm, localize, and determine the size of clinically suspected otosclerotic foci.

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Temporal lung changes in high-resolution chest computed tomography for coronavirus disease 2019

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060520950990 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (9) ◽

pp. 030006052095099

Author(s):

Chengyang Chen ◽

Xing Wang ◽

Jia Dong ◽

Dianer Nie ◽

Qianlan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Reticular Pattern ◽

Ct Radiation ◽

Diffuse Distribution

Objective To evaluate temporal lung changes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and to determine the appropriate computed tomographic (CT) follow-up time. Methods Eighty-six patients with two or more HRCT scans who were diagnosed with COVID-19 were included. The CT score and major CT findings were evaluated. Results Eighty-two (95.3%) patients had lesions on the initial HRCT scans. Most scans showed bilateral, multifocal lung lesions, with multiple lobes involved and diffuse distribution. For fifty-seven patients with type I (progress compared with the initial CT score), the CT score reached a peak at 12 days and the nadir at 36 days. For twenty-nine patients with type II (no progress compared with the initial CT score), the lowest CT score was reached at 23 days. On the final HRCT scans (>21 days), patients with a reticular pattern were older than those without a reticular pattern. Conclusion The appropriate follow-up time of CT scans is during the second week (approximately 12 days) and the fourth to fifth weeks (approximately 23–36 days) from the onset of illness. These times could help reduce the CT radiation dose and show timely changes in the course of the disease by CT.

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Comparative analysis of density histograms and visual scores in incremental and volumetric high-resolution computed tomography of the chest in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients

La radiologia medica ◽

10.1007/s11547-020-01307-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gaetano Rea ◽

Marina De Martino ◽

Annalisa Capaccio ◽

Pasquale Dolce ◽

Tullio Valente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Lung Function ◽

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Ct Scans ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Disease Extent ◽

Single Breath ◽

Volumetric Ct

Abstract Background Volumetric high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest has recently replaced incremental CT in the diagnostic workup of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Concomitantly, visual and quantitative scores have been proposed for disease extent assessment to ameliorate disease management. Purpose To compare the performance of density histograms (mean lung attenuation, skewness, and kurtosis) and visual scores, along with lung function correlations, in IPF patients submitted to incremental or volumetric thorax HRCT. Material and methods Clinical data and CT scans of 89 newly diagnosed and therapy-naive IPF patients were retrospectively evaluated. Results Forty-six incremental and 43 volumetric CT scans were reviewed. No differences of density histograms and visual scores estimates were found by comparing two HRCT techniques, with an optimal inter-operator agreement (concordance correlation coefficient >0.90 in all instances). Single-breath diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCOsb) was inversely related with the Best score (r = −00.416; p = 0.014), the Kazerooni fibrosis extent (r = −0.481; p = 0.004) and the mean lung attenuation (r = −0.382; p = 0.026), while a positive correlation was observed with skewness (r = 0.583; p = 0.001) and kurtosis (r = 0.543; p = 0.001) in the incremental HRCT sub-group. Similarly, in the volumetric CT sub-cohort, DLCOsb was significantly associated with skewness (r = 0.581; p = 0.007) and kurtosis (r = 0.549; p = 0.018). Correlations with visual scores were not confirmed. Forced vital capacity significantly related to all density indices independently on HRCT technique. Conclusions Density histograms and visual scores similarly perform in incremental and volumetric HRCT. Density quantification displays an optimal reproducibility and proves to be superior to visual scoring as more strongly correlated with lung function.

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Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis with Normal High Resolution Computed Tomography Scans

Canadian Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1155/2001/403401 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 98-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Farah J Nasser-Sharif ◽

Meyer S Balter

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Open Lung Biopsy ◽

Ct Scans ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution Ct ◽

History Of

A case of symptomatic hypersensitivity pneumonitis with normal high resolution computed tomography (CT) scans is presented. The patient, a 32-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus, had a chronic, progressive history of respiratory symptoms, abnormal findings on examination and abnormal pulmonary function tests but normal high resolution CT scans of the chest. Diagnosis was made through open lung biopsy. Clinical improvement was seen on removal of the offending antigen. The literature on the utility of high resolution CT scans in hypersensitivity pneumonitis is reviewed.

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Tracheal Tube Obstruction in Mechanically Ventilated Patients Assessed by High-resolution Computed Tomography

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/aln.0000000000000455 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 121 (6) ◽

pp. 1226-1235 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cristina Mietto ◽

Riccardo Pinciroli ◽

Annop Piriyapatsom ◽

John G. Thomas ◽

Lynn Bry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Tracheal Tube ◽

Chest Ct ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Common Finding ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Airflow Resistance ◽

High Resolution Ct ◽

Ventilated Patients

Abstract Background: Tracheal intubation compromises mucus clearance and secretions accumulate inside the tracheal tube (TT). The aim of this study was to evaluate with a novel methodology TT luminal obstruction in critically ill patients. Methods: This was a three-phase study: (1) the authors collected 20 TTs at extubation. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) was performed to determine cross-sectional area (CSA) and mucus distribution within the TT; (2) five TTs partially filled with silicone were used to correlate high-resolution CT results and increased airflow resistance; and (3) 20 chest CT scans of intubated patients were reviewed for detection of secretions in ventilated patients’ TT. Results: Postextubation TTs showed a maximum CSA reduction of (mean ± SD) 24.9 ± 3.9% (range 3.3 to 71.2%) after a median intubation of 4.5 (interquartile range 2.5 to 6.5) days. CSA progressively decreased from oral to lung end of used TTs. The luminal volume of air was different between used and new TTs for all internal diameters (P < 0.01 for new vs. used TTs for all studied internal diameters). The relationship between pressure drop and increasing airflow rates was nonlinear and depended on minimum CSA available to ventilation. Weak correlation was found between TT occlusion and days of intubation (R2 = 0.352, P = 0.006). With standard clinical chest CT scans, 6 of 20 TTs showed measurable secretions with a CSA reduction of 24.0 ± 3.9%. Conclusions: TT luminal narrowing is a common finding and correlates with increased airflow resistance. The authors propose high-resolution CT as a novel technique to visualize and quantify secretions collected within the TT lumen.

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Airway narrowing in excised canine lungs measured by high-resolution computed tomography

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1992.73.1.307 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 307-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

A. E. McNamara ◽

N. L. Muller ◽

M. Okazawa ◽

J. Arntorp ◽

B. R. Wiggs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Transpulmonary Pressure ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Lumen Area ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Airway Narrowing ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Airway Dimensions

The exact site of airway narrowing in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is unknown. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a sensitive noninvasive imaging technique that can be used to measure airway dimensions. After determining the optimal computed tomographic parameters using a phantom, we measured lobe volume and airway dimensions of isolated canine lung lobes at a transpulmonary pressure of 25 cmH2O. These measurements were repeated after deflation and administration of aerosolized saline and carbachol (256 mg/ml). Lobe volume decreased with all treatments. The maximal lobar volume change was 26% at 6 cmH2O after carbachol. Average airway lumen area decreased with all treatments. After carbachol, at transpulmonary pressures of 25, 15, 10, 8, and 6 cmH2O, lumen area decreased by 7.3 +/- 4.1, 62.0 +/- 4.9, 77.5 +/- 3.0, 31.9 +/- 9.0, and 95.2 +/- 1.0% (SE), respectively. When the airways were divided into four categories on the basis of initial lumen diameter (less than 2, 2–4, 4–6, and greater than 6 mm), the greatest decreases in luminal area after carbachol were seen in intermediate-sized airways (2–4 mm, 56 +/- 4%; 4-6 mm, 59 +/- 3%). HRCT can be used to make accurate measurements of airway dimensions and airway narrowing in excised lungs. HRCT may allow measurement of airway wall thickness and determination of the site of airway narrowing in asthma.

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High-Resolution Computed Tomographic Evaluation of the Cochlear Capsule in Otosclerosis: Relationship between Densitometry and Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348949610500813 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 105 (8) ◽

pp. 659-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

E. Alpin Güneri ◽

Kerm Ceryan ◽

Emel Ada ◽

Ataman Güneri

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

High Resolution ◽

Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽

Healing Process ◽

Bone Conduction ◽

Objective Evaluation ◽

Sensorineural Hearing ◽

Control Group ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Computed Tomographic

Otosclerotic cochlear involvement is a rather frequent disease that has not been clearly understood in terms of diagnosis and management. Objective evaluation methods are needed to confirm the clinical diagnosis, investigate the relationship with hearing impairment, and validate the results of treatment In this study two ear groups with bone conduction hearing loss (BCHL) were investigated with audiometry and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). In the first group (n = 22) the diagnosis of fenestral otosclerosis was confirmed at operation; the second group (n = 9) was composed of ears clinically suspicious for purely cochlear involvement. Additionally, a control group (n = 14) of otologically normal ears was also studied. Foci of demineralization were demonstrated in 58% of the ears in the two groups; the sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in those ears was significantly worse than in those with normal radiologic findings. Three methods of HRCT densitometry were used to determine the abnormal regions in the cochlear capsule; the results suggested that hypodense regions were consistent with a greater degree of SNHL, in contrast to the hyperdense ones in ears with better cochlear reserves. Agreement was found between the location of the density change and the frequency topography of the SNHL; densitometric values were correlated with the bone conduction thresholds for certain frequencies. It is concluded that the spongiotic foci are responsible for the SNHL, since there was a correlation between their location and the SNHL frequency. The determination of better hearing in those ears with sclerotic foci supports the hypothesis that the sclerotic phase may not be a healing process following the spongiotic phase, and that it can be the first stage of the disease.

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Temporal Bone Computed Tomography in the Preoperative Evaluation for Cochlear Implantation

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348948909800506 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

pp. 346-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Donald P. Mueller ◽

Kenneth D. Dolan ◽

Bruce J. Gantz

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Temporal Bone ◽

Cochlear Implantation ◽

Preoperative Evaluation ◽

Operative Procedure ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Temporal Bone Ct ◽

Selection Of

High resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone is performed routinely in the preoperative evaluation for cochlear implantation. A retrospective review was performed to determine the effect of these studies. The clinical significance was determined through consultation with the referring otolaryngologist and review of the operative reports. Twelve examinations were reviewed. Abnormalities were identified in 12 of the 24 ears examined (eight of 12 patients studied). In two patients the CT examination strongly influenced the selection of the ear to be implanted. In four additional cases information felt to be useful in preoperative planning was provided. Useful information related to potential complications with the mechanical insertion of the electrode apparatus. We conclude that temporal bone abnormalities are common in the population undergoing cochlear implantation and that high resolution temporal bone CT is essential in preoperative evaluation. The CT scan should be interpreted with adequate knowledge of the operative procedure to evaluate any possible barriers to the mechanical insertion of the internal components of the system.

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High Resolution Computed Tomography in the Chronically Painful Ankle Sprain

Foot & Ankle ◽

10.1177/107110078800800604 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 291-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J.M. Meyer ◽

P. Hoffmeyer ◽

X. Savoy

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Ankle Sprain ◽

Ct Scanning ◽

Surgical Revision ◽

X Rays ◽

Ankle Pain ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Traumatic Origin ◽

Post Traumatic

A series of 31 consecutive patients with chronic residual ankle pain following ankle sprain were analyzed using high resolution CT scanning. In 13 patients avulsed intra-or juxta-articular fragments of traumatic origin were detected; 12 of these patients had surgical revision. The usefulness of CT scanning in chronic post-traumatic residual ankle pain in the presence of negative standard x-rays is stressed.

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