Sinus Barotrauma in Divers

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Fagan ◽  
Bart McKenzie ◽  
Carl Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Occupational Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Fluid Level ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sinus Barotrauma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Mucosal Thickening ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Sinus barotrauma is a common occupational disease of divers, with the incidence of descent barotrauma approximately double that of ascent. Pain chronologically associated with the change of pressure is the most dominant symptom and is seen in 92% of the cases presented for treatment. The majority complain of a frontal distribution of pain, with ethmoidal and maxillary being much less significant. Epistaxis is the second commonest symptom, and may be the sole symptom in some ascent cases. A history of recent or past sinus barotrauma or upper respiratory tract pathology is very common. Clinical examination supports the evidence of upper respiratory tract pathology in many cases. The radiological signs of abnormality were present in over three quarters of the cases examined. Of these the maxillary sinus was affected in most cases, the frontal in approximately one quarter and the ethmoidal in less than a fifth. The pathology was more commonly that of mucosal thickening, but in 12% of cases there was a fluid level. It is noted that although symptoms were predominantly frontal, x-ray changes were most often present in the maxillary sinuses.

scholarly journals Guillian Barre syndrome epidemiology presentation and outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Dr.Raed jabbar Hussain ◽  
◽  
Dr. Rahan Assim Mohammed Al-Qazzaz ◽  
Kahtan Adnan Abdullah ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Background Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) is most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis, affect peripheral nerves with distinctive features clinical, pathological and prognosis. Patient and methods this study is prospective of 60 patients admitted at al-kadymia teaching hospital from first January 2004 to end April 2009. Age includes 1 to ≤11 years. Diagnosis was by clinical examination and confirmed by CSF tests and nerve conduction velocity study. Results It was found that 32 patients were male and 28 were female. Cranial nerves involved in 30% of patients. Sensory symptoms found in 16%. CSF changes was seen in 85.5% patients. Antecedent events were found in 27 patients out of 60, 14 had history of upper respiratory tract infection 45%, 7 had gastroenteritis 11%, 6 patients had history of fever 3 weeks earlier 10% and 15 patients had complicated by respiratory failure managed by mechanical ventilators, During this study 4 patients had been died. Conclusions: Current study conclude about 45% of patients had history antecedent events in as upper respiratory tract infection , gastroenteritis and fever, so cerebrospinal fluid CSF cell in the majority of cases within normal range and mostly lymphocytes, Cranial nerves were affected in most patients without serious sequels so Steroid was not given to most of patients in our study without any significant effect on the course of disease , Hospitalization was range from 2 week to 4 week, Recovery was range from 4 to 12 week and Death rate was 6% .

scholarly journals Upper respiratory tract manifestations in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitides and their association with the presence and type of ANCA

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-562
Author(s):  
I. G. Smirnova ◽  
N. M. Bulanov ◽  
P. I. Novikov ◽  
I. A. Osipova ◽  
S. V. Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽  
Saddle Nose ◽  
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Saddle Nose Deformity ◽  
Radiological Patterns ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis

Aim of the work – to compare the frequency of upper respiratory tract (URT) involvement in patients with ANCAassociated vasculitides (AAV), to reveal its main clinical and radiological patterns and to estimate their association with the serological profile (ANCA presence and type).Material and methods. This retrospective study evaluated 369 patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). The enrolled patients were diagnosed with AAV according to the ACR criteria, CHCC classification (2012) and EMA algorithm. Patients with URT manifestations underwent standard ENT assessment and X-ray/CT. Serum ANCA levels were measured by ELISA.Results. URT involvement was diagnosed in 280 (75.9%) patients with AAV. It was significantly more common amongthe patients with GPA (86.4%) and EGPA (85.5%) compared with the MPA group (29.2%) (p<0.001).URT manifestations mainly appeared as sinusitis (77.2% – GPA; 33.3% – MPA; 70.8% – EGPA) and rhinitis with crusting (87.8%, 72.2% and 16.9% respectively).Proteinase 3 ANCA positive patients had a significantly higher incidence of bone destructive URT lesions, including sinuses wall destruction (p<0.001) and saddle nose deformity (p=0.016), compared with myeloperoxidase-ANCA-positive patients. Similar results were obtained in the GPA group separately.Localized disease with isolated URT involvement was observed in 41.3% cases of ANCA negative GPA (p<0.001).Conclusion. The frequency and patterns of upper respiratory tract manifestations depend both on the nosologic form of AAV and type of ANCA. Localized forms of URT involvement can be observed in patients with GPA and are closely associated with absence of ANCA, which determines the need for especially high suspicion level.

Natural History of Primary Autoimmune Neutropenia in Infancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 728-733
Author(s):  
Lars T. Conway ◽  
Mary E. Clay ◽  
William E. Kline ◽  
Norma K. C. Ramsay ◽  
William Krivit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Autoimmune Neutropenia ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Five patients with primary autoimmune neutropenia were evaluated during their first 2 years of life. Their illness resolved spontaneously after 6 to 41 months (median 13 months), and the patients were subsequently followed for 13 to 73 months (median 28 months). None required immunosuppressive therapy to induce remission, and routine antibiotic therapy adequately controlled all infectious episodes. An increased rate of infection, particularly otitis media and upper respiratory tract infection, occurred during the neutropenic period. No other noninfectious illnesses, particularly no other autoimmune diseases, were reported in any of these patients at any time. In each case, resolution of neutropenia paralleled the disappearance of neutrophil autoantibodies which were specific for the NA1 antigen. This report describes the clinical and laboratory findings and the long-term history of primary autoimmune neutropenia in these five patients.

scholarly journals Discussion on Deep X-Ray and Radium Therapy in Relation to the Mouth and Upper Respiratory Tract

1928 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-665
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Radium Therapy ◽  
Air Cavities ◽  
Vital Factor ◽  
Great Danger

The rays destroy, partially destroy, or injure cells, especially the nucleus. The injured cells may recover, so that further radiation is usually advisable after eight weeks. In throat conditions, overdosage is the great danger, owing to insufficient body-fluid coverings, and to the presence of large air cavities, which prevent the proper diffusion of rays and the striking back of those which penetrate the growth. The use of glucose and the permeating of the growth with metals in minute subdivision in order to cause secondary radiations advised. The best method of all, if practicable, would be to fill the air cavities with fluids, after preliminary tracheotomy. The main advantages of deep therapy are the ease with which wide areas can be radiated and the flexibility of the method. By varying the voltage and the filters with the depth from the surface, one can get diffusion of the rays, because the softer the ray the greater its absorption. This method is extremely safe, even for out-patients. Surgery when possible is always advisable. Diathermy is best, followed within three days by radiation. In doubtful cases partial radiation immediately before operation is advisable, to be completed within ten days after operation. Formation of antibodies is considered to be a vital factor. These are formed as the result of the absorption of the destroyed cells. In all malignant conditions the same dosage is now administered. After-treatment of hospital cases is most important. Artificial sunlight is advised, also sending the patient to an institution or convalescent home.

Did one ear infection in France change the history of Britain? The illness and death of Francis II (1544–60)

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Albert Srouji
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
French Renaissance ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Middle Ear Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
The Impact

The middle ear has long been considered a continuum of the upper respiratory tract and modern physicians recognize the impact of upper respiratory tract pathology on the middle ear and are familiar with the possible neurosurgical complications of any resultant chronic or acute middle ear infection. In the 16th century, lack of this knowledge may have led to a sequence of events and one of the most important turning points for the British monarchy. This paper on the illness and death of King Francis II of France uncovers interesting aspects of ENT practice from the French Renaissance period and the intrigue surrounding this royal patient's well-documented but little discussed illness.

scholarly journals Subacute Thyroiditis Following COVID-19 Vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
pardis soltanpoor ◽  
Ghazal Norouzi
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Subacute Thyroiditis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Healthy Patient ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory thyroid disease of post-viral origin; linked with many viruses such as SARS-COVID-2. The objective of this work is to report a case of SAT associated with COVID-19 vaccination, in a healthy patient with no history of previous COVID-19 or upper respiratory tract infection.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON THE DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF WHEEZING IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-170
Author(s):  
Sunita Das ◽  
Deshish Kumar Panda ◽  
Kedarnath Das ◽  
Saiprasanna Behera
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

This hospital based observational cross sectional study having a sample size of 100 was undertaken at S.C.B. Medical College and S.V.P.P.G.I.P.,Cuttack,with an objective to study the clinical profile and risk factors for wheezing in infancy from November 2018 to November 2020. Wheezing is accountable for a high demand of medical consultations and emergency care services with relatively high rates of hospitalization.In this study, several risk factors were identified for wheezing in less than one year of age which had little resemblance to similar studies made in various other age groups.However,maternal smoking as a risk factor could not be found in our study due to social cultural lifestyle in the study population. Factors like caesarean section, history of birth asphyxia, NICU admissions and living in kuccha house were not found to impose risk for wheezing in infancy in the study in contrary to similar such studies in other age groups.The present study revealed, that among all other etiology, the viral respiratory tract infections including bronchiolitis was the most common cause of wheezing in infancy (64%) followed by WALRI (wheeze associated lower respiratory tract infection). In conclusion, if an infant with wheezing has risk factors like male sex, preterm, more than six months age, family history of atopy or repeated upper respiratory tract illness or overcrowding in family, anticipating the severity recurrence should be suspected. These infants should be monitored closely for signs of clinical deterioration. Proper health education,ante natal and neonatal care,promoting of breast feeding and creating awareness to the public regarding modifiable risk factors like separation of family members having upper respiratory illness from young infants will reduce the severity of wheezing and will help prevent their recurrence to much extent.

scholarly journals Recurrent Guillain-Barré and Fisher Syndromes in Two Patients Who Were Subsequently Diagnosed with Aplastic Anemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Saori Tomohara ◽  
Risa Harano ◽  
Shinichi Wada ◽  
Ikkei Ohashi ◽  
Fumitaka Yoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Aplastic Anemia ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Limb Ataxia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Tract Infections

Guillain-Barré (GBS) and Fisher (FS) syndromes rarely recur and the characteristics of recurrence have not been fully elucidated. We describe the cases of 2 patients with GBS or FS that recurred more than twice and who were subsequently diagnosed with aplastic anemia. Case 1 was a 66-year-old man who was diagnosed with aplastic anemia 10 months before admission with limb ataxia and a sensory disturbance of the distal limbs that developed 3 days after an upper respiratory tract infection. He had a history of double vision with ataxia at the ages of 38 and 56 years. Case 2 was a 66-year-old woman who had been treated for aplastic anemia 1 year previously. She had a history of upper limb weakness after upper respiratory tract infections at the ages of 39 and 60 years. Tendon reflexes were absent in both patients at the time of onset and they were respectively diagnosed with FS and GBS and treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. No neurological deficits persisted. Blood findings showed that both were positive for IgG type ganglioside antibodies and HLA-DR15. The positive HLA-DR15 might have been associated with the recurrent GBS or FS and the development of aplastic anemia.

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