Electrically Evoked Taste Threshold

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mogens Føns
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Taste Threshold ◽  
Method Of Adjustment

How accurately can the electrically evoked taste threshold be determined? Why have standards of normal values not yet been generally accepted? In order to answer these questions, 80 normal subjects were examined by means of the method of adjustment. The results showed a greater variability of threshold values and side differences than found by other authors. In explanation, it is suggested that the method of adjustment minimizes the biasing effect of the examiner, which normally leads to an underestimation of the threshold variability as well as of the side differences. The method of adjustment is therefore suitable for certain experimental purposes. For clinical use, a simple procedure like Krarups should be preferred. Due to its limited validity, however, only side differences of 100% or more should be considered pathological. A log-scale with rather large units (25% increment steps) is recommended.

scholarly journals A Simple Procedure for the Radioimmunoassay of 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone in Serum: Comparison with an Immunological Purification Technique

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Davila ◽  
BT Rudd ◽  
R Morris ◽  
F Kandeel ◽  
Jane Bodden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Purification Technique ◽  
The Individual

A simple radioimmunoassay for the measurement of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in 0·1–0·25 ml serum is described. An antibody prepared against 17α-hydroxyprogesterone 3(O-carboxymethyl)-oxime-BSA as immunogen was used. A correlation of the 17α-hydroxyprogesterone concentration found in the serum of normal subjects and of patients with that obtained by a more complex immunological purification method was good (r = 0·924, p < 0·001). Accuracy, precision, and specificity were acceptable with the simple method. Normal values for infants, children, and adults have been established, and the individual concentrations of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in the serum of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia were well separated from normal values.

Computerized method for validating laboratory reference ranges for triiodothyronine and thyroxin immunoassays

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Luttrell ◽  
Sall Watters
Keyword(s):  
Reference Range ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Laboratory Reference ◽  
Euthyroid Status ◽  
Computer Based

Abstract We used a computer-based method to help validate the reference ranges of assays for triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4). A retrospective search of a database of laboratory results for the previous six months identified all patients with apparent euthyroid status, as defined by methods independent of the immunoassay under review. A computer-generated reference group (CGR Group) of 2001 records had a gaussian distribution of T4 values and a reference range (mean +/- 2 SD) of 56-161 nmol/L, compared with the supplier's suggested range for euthyroid subjects (58-148 nmol/L) and an in-house range of 60-144 nmol/L for a group of 97 normal subjects. A similar CGR Group of 1902 records gave a reference range for T3 of 0.7-2.1 nmol/L (manufacturer's range 0.8-2.8; normal subjects 0.8-2.2). An attempt to devise a reference range for thyrotropin failed when we found that its concentration in the population of patients with normal values for thyroid hormones was distributed differently from that in the normal population. The method is intended to be used in addition to conventionally derived ranges based on results for healthy subjects. It allows the laboratory to conveniently verify the reference ranges for T3 and T4 assays at regular intervals by using very large samples with appropriate age, sex, and weight distribution, drawn from the population of patients' samples submitted for analysis.

scholarly journals Facial nerve electroneurography: variability in normal subjects

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovany Luis Alves de Medeiros ◽  
João Antonio Maciel Nobrega ◽  
Luiz Augusto Franco de Andrade ◽  
Yara Juliano
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Nasolabial Fold ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Muscle Action ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Compound Muscle Action Potentials

Twenty normal individuals were submitted to facial nerve electroneurography using different techniques in order to determine the most accurate to obtain the latencies and amplitudes of the compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) of the facial muscles. First of all it was determined in which muscle or muscle group highest amplitude CMAP could be recorded with the lowest variability between sides and in test-retest. Different techniques were studied in order to determine which could give the best results. This was shown to be an arrangement of bipolar surface electrodes fixed to a plastic bar. The records with higher amplitude where obtained from the nasolabial fold muscles. Therefore 65 normal volunteers were examined using this technique and recording the potentials obtained over the nasolabial fold muscles. Normal values were determined (latency lower than 4.5 ms and amplitude larger than 2 mV - 95% confidence limits).

PLASMA THYROTROPHIN LEVELS IN THYROID DISEASE AND EFFECT OF TREATMENT

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Lemarchand-Béraud ◽  
B. R. Scazziga ◽  
A. Vannotti
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Nodular Goitre ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Bovine Tsh

ABSTRACT A radioimmunoassay has been developed and was applied in a first study to the determinations of human plasma TSH in normal subjects. In the present work a systematic study was made of the relation between the pituitary and the thyroid gland in thyroid disease, and on the effect of various forms of treatment in 750 patients. Normal values for adults of both sexes were found to be 0.19 mU/ml, referred to the international bovine TSH standard (USP). No TSH was found in pituitary hypothyroidism. Elevated levels, up to fifteen times those of normal subjects, were found in myxoedema. The low initial values in all forms of thyrotoxicosis were followed by modifications during treatment depending on the kind of treatment used. Every qualitative or quantitative deficiency of thyroid hormone secretion was accompanied by an elevation of TSH (euthyroid nodular goitre, thyroid carcinoma, subacute thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease) and treatment with thyroid hormones induced a rapid fall in plasma TSH. The action of lysine vasopressin was also studied.

Simplified radioimmunoassay of bradykinin in human plasma.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-432
Author(s):  
P S Verma ◽  
P E Lorenz ◽  
G E Sander
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Relative Molecular Mass ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Assay Tube ◽  
The Mean

Abstract A greatly simplified radioimmunoassay for bradykinin in human plasma is described. Current techniques require multiple chromatographic steps or extraction procedures with analytical recoveries of bradykinin of often less than 60%. We present a method in which bradykinin is separated from components of higher relative molecular mass (including kininogens) in a single step, by use of a column of Sephadex G-25 medium (PD-10). The mean analytical recovery of tritiated bradykinin added to plasma is 85.5% (SD, 3.5%). The sensitivity of this radioimmunoassay is 25 pg per assay tube, equivalent to 125 ng per liter of plasma. Twenty to 30 blood samples may be completely processed and assayed within 6 h. As determined with this technique, concentrations of bradykinin in plasma from apparently normal subjects ranged from 2.5 to 5.2 microgram/L (mean 4.2, SD 1.1 microgram/L); these values are consistent with previously reported normal values.

Comparison of Plasma Uric Acid Levels Obtained with Five Different Methods

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene L Kanabrocki ◽  
Joseph Greco ◽  
Lee Wilkoff ◽  
Roger Veach
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Uric Acid

Abstract 1. A comparison has been made of plasma values obtained by 5 different methods for uric acid estimation. 2. According to the uricase method, the plasma concentration of uric acid in fasting normal subjects ranged from 1.9-5.1 with average of 3.7 mg. per 100 ml. 3. The closest agreement with the uricase method was obtained with the method of Kern and Stranaky which gave normal values ranging from 2.8 to 4.9 with an average of 3.8 mg. per 100 ml. 4. A variation of about 25 per cent was observed in the plasma uric acid levels over a period of 7 weeks.

Concentrations of total and free dehydroepiandrosterone in plasma and dehydroepiandrosterone in saliva of normal and hirsute women under basal conditions and during administration of dexamethasone/synthetic corticotropin

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 2042-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
L M Swinkels ◽  
H A Ross ◽  
A G Smals ◽  
T J Benraad
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Using a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay involving extraction with diethyl ether and chromatographic separation of steroids, we measured concentrations of salivary and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in 22 women with normal ovulatory cycles (ages 18-45 years). Salivary DHEA values closely correlated with total and free DHEA in plasma. In the follicular phase the mean concentrations of salivary and plasma free DHEA were virtually equal [mean (SD): 0.61 (0.32) and 0.56 (0.34) nmol/L, respectively]. In the luteal phase, salivary DHEA slightly exceeded the plasma free DHEA [0.68 (0.40) vs 0.56 (0.38) nmol/L, P less than 0.01]. Also, during combined dexamethasone/synthetic corticotropin administration in 25 patients with androgenizing disorders and in 10 normal subjects (each in the follicular and luteal phases), the concentration of DHEA in saliva strongly correlated with total and free DHEA in plasma. During these dynamic tests, the mean concentrations of free DHEA in plasma and salivary DHEA in the hirsute women were significantly higher than the mean concentrations in the control women at all times before and after corticotropin infusion (P less than 0.05- less than 0.0001). In contrast, plasma total DHEA in patients exceeded nonhirsute values only at 15 min after corticotropin administration. In six of 25 patients total DHEA during combined administration of dexamethasone/synthetic corticotropin exceeded normal values by at least 2 SD. The response of salivary and free DHEA to synthetic corticotropin in this subgroup was also excessive.

Normal values for tissue velocity and strain rate imaging parameters of left and right atrial myocardium in normal subjects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Safir‐Mardanloo ◽  
Mani Khorsand Askari ◽  
Masoumeh‐ Lotfi Tokaldany ◽  
Mohammad Moein Ashrafi ◽  
Hakimeh Sadeghian
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Atrial Myocardium ◽  
Imaging Parameters ◽  
Tissue Velocity ◽  
Strain Rate Imaging ◽  
Left And Right

Effect of Temperature on Fixation Suppression Ability in Normal Subjects: The Need for Temperature-and Age-Dependent Normal Values

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary P. Jacobson ◽  
Kenneth G. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Caloric Testing ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Subject

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether temperature has an effect on the magnitude of fixation suppression (FS) in normal subjects. The subject population consisted of 23 patients ranging in age from 35 to 74 years (mean age of 58.13 years). Each subject received a conventional vestibulometric test battery that included bithermal caloric testing and the FS test. The warm caloric media elicited larger nystagmus slow-phase eye velocities than the cool caloric media. Following warm caloric irrigations, FS was significantly smaller than that following cool caloric irrigations. It also worsened as a function of subject age. The results suggest that separate normal upper limits for FS need to be determined for cool and warm caloric testing. They also suggest that FS ability may decrease with age.

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