Broadband Optical Properties of Milk

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Stocker ◽  
Florian Foschum ◽  
Philipp Krauter ◽  
Florian Bergmann ◽  
Ansgar Hohmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Light Propagation ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Scattering Coefficient ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Casein Micelles ◽  
Milk Components ◽  
Scattering Spectra ◽  
The Absolute

Dairy products play an important role in our daily nutrition. As a turbid scattering medium with different kinds of particles and droplets, each alteration of these components changes the scattering properties of milk. The goal of this work is the determination of the amount of main scattering components, the fat droplets and the casein micelles, by understanding the light propagation in homogenized milk and in raw milk. To provide the absolute impact of these milk components, the geometrical and optical properties such as the size distribution and the refractive index (RI) of the components have to be examined. We determined the reduced scattering coefficient [Formula: see text] and the absorption coefficient [Formula: see text] from integrating sphere measurements. By use of a collimated transmission setup, the scattering coefficient [Formula: see text] was measured. Size measurements were performed to validate the influence of the fat droplet size on the results of the scattering properties; also, the RI of both components was determined by the said coefficients. These results were used to determine the absolute impact of the milk components on the scattering behavior. By fitting Mie theory calculations on scattering spectra [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] from different raw milk samples, it was possible to get reliable values for the concentrations of fat and casein and for the size of the fat droplets. By destroying the casein micelles, it was possible to separate the influence of the different scattering components on scattering behavior.

scholarly journals Determination of the optical properties of bovine liver tissue using integrating sphere technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-252
Author(s):  
Halil Arslan ◽  
Yasar Baris Dolukan
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Bovine Liver ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Scattering Coefficients ◽  
Single Sphere ◽  
Microscope Slides ◽  
Good Agreement

The optical properties (absorption and reduced scattering coefficients, µa and µs’) of bovine liver tissue for 635 nm has been determined by using integrating sphere and inverse adding-doubling (IAD) techniques. For this purpose, total reflectance and total transmittance values of bovine liver tissue sample, which is placed between two microscope slides, have been measured by using single-sphere system. The measured values have been used as input parameters for IAD program to extract the µa and µs’ of the sample. In this study, µa and µs’ of bovine liver tissue for 635 nm have been determined to be 0.22 mm-1 and 0.51mm-1, respectively. These values, which yield 1.44 mm penetration depth, are in good agreement with the ones in the literature.

scholarly journals In Vitro Determination of Concentration-Dependent Optical Properties of Hemoglobin

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 673-676
Author(s):  
Philipp Wegerich ◽  
Gehring Hartmut
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Data Set

AbstractThe interest of this paper is the determination of the optical properties of oxygenated (saturation above 97 %) hemoglobin in clinical relevant concentrations (ranging from 5 to 15 g/dl), dependent on the layer thickness. Furthermore the generation of a high rate data set for training with machine learning approaches was intended. With a double integrating sphere setup (laser diodes from 780 to 1310 nm) - as a well referenced method - and flow through optical cuvettes ranging from 1 to 3 mm layer thickness, the transmission (𝑀𝑇) and reflection (𝑀𝑅) values of the samples were acquired. From those the layer thickness independent absorption (𝜇𝑎) and reduced scattering coefficients (𝜇𝑠’) were calculated by the means of the Inverse Adding Doubling (IAD) algorithm. For each sample the same coefficients should result correspondingly for all cuvette thicknesses in test. This relationship serves as an internal standard in the evaluation of the collected data sets. In parallel a spectrophotometer in the range from 690 to 1000 nm recorded transmission spectra for all samples as a second reference. First, the IAD algorithm provided optical coefficients (𝜇𝑎, 𝜇𝑠’) in all measurements, with few exceptions at low hemoglobin concentrations. The resulting coefficients match independently of the layer thickness. As a main second result, a high rate data set was generated which serves for further analysis - for example with machine learning approaches.

scholarly journals Multiple polynomial regression method for determination of biomedical optical properties from integrating sphere measurements

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan S. Dam ◽  
Torben Dalgaard ◽  
Paul Erik Fabricius ◽  
Stefan Andersson-Engels
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Integrating Sphere
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