scholarly journals Sleep problems and suicide associated with mood instability in the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, 2007

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 822-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keltie C McDonald ◽  
Kate EA Saunders ◽  
John R Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Mood Instability ◽  
Generalized Linear Modelling

Objective: Mood instability is common in the general population. Mood instability is a precursor to mental illness and associated with a range of negative health outcomes. Sleep disturbance appears to be closely linked with mood instability. This study assesses the association between mood instability and sleep disturbance and the link with suicidal ideation and behaviour in a general population sample in England. Method: The Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, 2007 collected detailed information about mental health symptoms and correlates in a representative sample of adult household residents living in England ( n = 7303). Mood instability was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-II. Sleep problems were defined as sleeping more than usual or less than usual during the past month. Other dependent variables included medication use and suicidal ideation and behaviour (response rate 57%). Generalized linear modelling was used to estimate the prevalence of mood instability and sleep problems. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios. All estimates were weighted. Results: The prevalence of mood instability was 14.7% (95% confidence interval [13.6%, 15.7%]). Sleep problems occurred in 69.8% (95% confidence interval: [66.6%, 73.1%]) of those with mood instability versus 37.6% (95% confidence interval: [36.2%, 39.1%]) of those without mood instability. The use of sedating and non-sedating medications did not influence the association. Sleep problems were significantly associated with suicidal ideation and behaviour even after adjusting for mood instability. Conclusion: Sleep problems are highly prevalent in the general population, particularly among those with mood instability. Sleep problems are strongly associated with suicidal ideation and behaviour. Treatments that target risk and maintenance factors that transcend diagnostic boundaries, such as therapies that target sleep disturbance, may be particularly valuable for preventing and addressing complications related to mood instability such as suicide.

Measuring social relationships The Interview Schedule for Social Interaction

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Henderson ◽  
P. Duncan-Jones ◽  
D. G. Byrne ◽  
Ruth Scott
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
General Population ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Interview Schedule

SYNOPSISIt is generally recognized that social relationships occupy a central position in psychiatry. To examine the role of social relationships in the onset of minor psychiatric morbidity it is necessary to construct an instrument which will meet the need for a valid, reliable and comprehensive index of social relationships. Such an instrument has now been developed and used in a sample of the general population.The Interview Schedule for Social Interaction arose from a research need, and was constructed to assess the availability and perceived adequacy for any individual of a number of facets of social relationships. These consist both of persons and of the provisions obtained through them. Data from a general population sample suggest this instrument to be sufficiently valid and reliable, and also sensitive to predictable variations between sociodemographic groups, to justify its use in clinical and epidemiological studies, both in psychiatry and general medicine.

Dimensions of depression, mania and psychosis in the general population

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1177-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KRABBENDAM ◽  
I. MYIN-GERMEYS ◽  
R. DE GRAAF ◽  
W. VOLLEBERGH ◽  
W. A. NOLEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

Background. In order to investigate whether correlated but separable symptom dimensions that have been identified in clinical samples also have a distribution in the general population, the underlying structure of symptoms of depression, mania and psychosis was studied in a general population sample of 7072 individuals.Method. Data were obtained from the three measurements of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Symptoms of depression, mania and the positive symptoms of psychosis were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Confirmatory factor-analysis was used to test statistically the fit of hypothesized models of one, two, three or seven dimensions.Results. The seven-dimensional model comprising core depression, sleep problems, suicidal thoughts, mania, paranoid delusions, first-rank delusions and hallucinations fitted the data best, whereas the unidimensional model obtained the poorest fit. This pattern of results could be replicated at both follow-up measurements. The results were similar for the subsamples with and without a lifetime DSM-III-R diagnosis. The seven dimensions were moderately to strongly correlated, with correlations ranging from 0·18 to 0·73 (mean 0·45).Conclusions. In the general population, seven correlated but separable dimensions of experiences exist that resemble dimensions of psychopathology seen in clinical samples with severe mental illness. The substantial correlations between these dimensions in clinical and non-clinical samples may suggest that there is aetiological overlap between the different dimensions regardless of level of severity and diagnosable disorder.

Outcome in biopsy-proven Lupus nephritis: Evaluation of biopsies from the Norwegian Kidney Biopsy Registry

Lupus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 881-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
G E Norby ◽  
G Mjøen ◽  
R Bjørneklett ◽  
B E Vikse ◽  
H Holdaas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Class Iv

Objective To evaluate long-term mortality and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in a cohort of Norwegian patients with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Renal biopsies were obtained from 178 patients with LN from 1988 until 2007. Mortality rate and death causes were provided by Statistics Norway and ESRD data were provided by the Norwegian Renal Registry. Risk factors for all-cause mortality were evaluated by Cox regression. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was compared to observed deaths in a matched general population sample. Results Mean age was 37.6 (±14.4) years, and median time of follow-up was 8.5 years (0–26.2). Thirty-six patients (20.2%) died during follow-up. The SMR for all-cause mortality was 5.6 (Confidence interval [CI] 3.7–7.5). In an adjusted multivariate analysis proliferative glomerulonephritis (LN class IV) was independently associated with all-cause mortality; hazard ratio (HR) 2.6 (Confidence interval [CI] 1.2–5.7 p = 0.017). Main causes of death were infections (47.2%) and cardiovascular events 8 (22.2%). Thirty-six patients (20.2%) reached ESRD. Conclusions Biopsy-proven LN is associated with increased mortality compared to the general population. LN class IV is associated with all-cause mortality. Infections and cardiovascular events were the most common causes of death. Patients with LN have a high incidence of ESRD.

Tinnitus, depression, and suicidal ideation in adults: A nationally representative general population sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 124-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Man Han ◽  
Young-Hoon Ko ◽  
Cheolmin Shin ◽  
Jae-Hon Lee ◽  
June Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
General Population Sample ◽  
Nationally Representative

Post-Traumatic Symptomatology and Compulsions as Potential Mediators of the Relation Between Child Sexual Abuse and Auditory Verbal Hallucinations

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon McCarthy-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
General Population ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: Whilst evidence is mounting that childhood sexual abuse (CSA) can be a cause of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH), it is unclear what factors mediate this relation. Recent evidence suggests that post-traumatic symptomatology may mediate the CSA–AVH relation in clinical populations, although this hypothesis has not yet been tested in the general population. There is also reason to believe that obsessive ideation could mediate the CSA–AVH relation. Aims: To test for evidence to falsify the hypotheses that post-traumatic symptomatology, obsessions, compulsions, anxiety and depression mediate the relation between CSA and AVH in a general population sample. Method: Indirect effects of CSA on AVH via potential mediators were tested for, using a regression-based approach employing data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (n = 5788). Results: After controlling for demographics, IQ and child physical abuse, it was found that CSA, IQ, post-traumatic symptomatology and compulsions predicted lifetime experience of AVH. Mediation analyses found significant indirect effects of CSA on AVH via post-traumatic symptomatology [odds ratio (OR): 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.00–1.29] and compulsions (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01–1.28). Conclusions: These findings offer further support for the hypothesis that post-traumatic symptomatology is a mediator of the CSA–AVH relation. Although no evidence was found for obsessional thoughts as a mediating variable, a potential mediating role for compulsions is theoretically intriguing. This study's findings reiterate the need to ask about experiences of childhood adversity and post-traumatic symptomology in people with AVH, as well as the likely therapeutic importance of trauma-informed and trauma-based interventions for this population.

scholarly journals Daytime Sleepiness in Patients Diagnosed with Sarcoidosis Compared with the General Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hinz ◽  
Kristina Geue ◽  
Markus Zenger ◽  
Hubert Wirtz ◽  
Andrea Bosse-Henck
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Short Form Health

Background. The aim of this study was to analyze daytime sleepiness in a sample of patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis. Methods. A sample of 1197 German sarcoidosis patients was examined with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Fatigue Assessment Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8). The patients’ ESS mean scores were compared with those obtained from a large general population sample. Results. Exactly 50% of the patients reached the criterion (ESS > 10) for excessive daytime sleepiness, compared with only 22.1% in the general population. The effect size for the mean score difference between both samples was d=0.62. The number of affected organs and the number of concomitant diseases proved to be significant independent predictors of daytime sleepiness. Sleepiness was associated with fatigue (r=0.45), anxiety (r=0.23), depression (r=0.28), sleep problems (r=0.23), and detriments in physical (r=−0.29) and mental (r=−0.28) quality of life. Conclusions. The issue of excessive daytime sleepiness should be considered in the management of sarcoidosis.

Psychiatric Morbidity and the Menopause: Survey of a Gynaecological Out-Patient Clinic

1977 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Barbara Ballinger
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Clinic Population

SummaryTwo hundred and seventeen women between the ages of 40 and 55 years referred to a gynaecological out-patient clinic were screened for psychiatric illness by means of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and a brief special questionnaire. Of the 114 women identified as possible psychiatric ‘cases' 104 were interviewed. A standardized psychiatric interview schedule was used. Compared with a general population sample from the same geographical area and in the same age range, women presenting at the gynaecological out-patient clinic were predominantly pre-menopausal and from the lower end of the 15-year age range, and were more likely to be separated or divorced, less likely to be single, and more likely to have had previous or to have subsequent contact with the local psychiatric services. A higher proportion of women were identified as psychiatric ‘cases' in the clinic population than in the general population, and their psychiatric disorder appeared to be more severe and more depressive in nature. The findings for this age group support the view that among women presenting for hysterectomy there is already an excess of psychiatric illness before the operation.The association of gynaecological complaints and psychiatric morbidity in the pre-menopausal years is discussed.

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