Measuring social relationships The Interview Schedule for Social Interaction

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Henderson ◽  
P. Duncan-Jones ◽  
D. G. Byrne ◽  
Ruth Scott
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
General Population ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Interview Schedule

SYNOPSISIt is generally recognized that social relationships occupy a central position in psychiatry. To examine the role of social relationships in the onset of minor psychiatric morbidity it is necessary to construct an instrument which will meet the need for a valid, reliable and comprehensive index of social relationships. Such an instrument has now been developed and used in a sample of the general population.The Interview Schedule for Social Interaction arose from a research need, and was constructed to assess the availability and perceived adequacy for any individual of a number of facets of social relationships. These consist both of persons and of the provisions obtained through them. Data from a general population sample suggest this instrument to be sufficiently valid and reliable, and also sensitive to predictable variations between sociodemographic groups, to justify its use in clinical and epidemiological studies, both in psychiatry and general medicine.

Social Relationships, Adversity and Neurosis: A Study of Associations in a General Population Sample

1980 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 574-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Henderson ◽  
D. G. Byrne ◽  
P. Duncan-Jones ◽  
Ruth Scott ◽  
Sylvia Adcock
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
General Population ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
General Population Sample ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Systematic Sample

SummaryA standardized study of the point prevalence of non-psychotic disorder was carried out on a systematic sample of Canberra residents (N = 756). Rates were estimated for PSE CATEGO diagnoses and the Index of Definition. The association between neurosis and deficiencies in social relationships was examined, using the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction (ISSI). An objective measure of exposure to adversity was also obtained at interview. Both attachment and social integration (affectionally close and more diffuse relationships) were found to be negatively associated with neurosis. This association holds in its own right, in addition to an interaction with the load of adversity. The associations are weaker for men.The significance of this work lies in its demonstration of an association between neurosis and the lack of social ties, and in its attempt to obtain a specification of those elements in social relationships which, when deficient, may be associated with neurosis. The direction of causality has now to be investigated.

Psychiatric Morbidity and the Menopause: Survey of a Gynaecological Out-Patient Clinic

1977 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Barbara Ballinger
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Clinic Population

SummaryTwo hundred and seventeen women between the ages of 40 and 55 years referred to a gynaecological out-patient clinic were screened for psychiatric illness by means of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and a brief special questionnaire. Of the 114 women identified as possible psychiatric ‘cases' 104 were interviewed. A standardized psychiatric interview schedule was used. Compared with a general population sample from the same geographical area and in the same age range, women presenting at the gynaecological out-patient clinic were predominantly pre-menopausal and from the lower end of the 15-year age range, and were more likely to be separated or divorced, less likely to be single, and more likely to have had previous or to have subsequent contact with the local psychiatric services. A higher proportion of women were identified as psychiatric ‘cases' in the clinic population than in the general population, and their psychiatric disorder appeared to be more severe and more depressive in nature. The findings for this age group support the view that among women presenting for hysterectomy there is already an excess of psychiatric illness before the operation.The association of gynaecological complaints and psychiatric morbidity in the pre-menopausal years is discussed.

Interpersonal Considerations and Judgements in a Day Hospital

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (539) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Ferguson ◽  
M. W. P. Carney
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Worker ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Skills ◽  
Operational Range ◽  
The Relationship

There is a body of opinion which regards psychiatrically ill individuals, or at least one great class or subdivision of them, as suffering primarily from disturbances in personal relationships and social interaction processes generally. Sullivan, Horney and Fromm have made the most significant theoretical contributions to this subject, and empirical applications have been reported by Balint (1957), Maxwell Jones (1968), Rapoport (1960) and Laing (1961). These writers have at least this in common, that they take the point of view that since the pathology of the illness lies in social relationships the fundamental treatment process must lie there also—must, in fact, consist of re-experiencing social interaction within a therapeutic re-educative framework. In the past attention has been directed principally to the doctor-patient relationship as a heuristic model of social interaction, but Rapoport has extended the operational range of significant interaction to include all staff-patient, staff-staff and patient-patient encounters. As the recent Subcommittee of the Central Health Services Council has pointed out (1968), little has been written of the nurse as therapist, but a considerable literature has accumulated concerning the role of the social worker or caseworker or counsellor (e.g. Halmos, 1965). Halmos investigates the nature of such relationships, and finds therapeutic utility to be unrelated to intellectual skills. The therapeutic process is adjudged to lie in the relationship, true enough, but the essential qualities have more to do with the interpersonal styles of the therapist, than with his analytical expertise. Such is his conclusion. Apparently social skills are necessary for the professional worker, but intellectual skills for the problems to be unravelled are of little importance, and are largely irrelevant.

Loss, humiliation and entrapment among women developing depression: a patient and non-patient comparison

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Brown ◽  
T. O. Harris ◽  
C. Hepworth
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
General Population ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
General Population Sample ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Small Subgroup ◽  
Patient Series

SynopsisThis paper is part of a series dealing with the role of life events in the onset of depressive disorders. Women who developed depression in a general population sample in Islington in North London are contrasted with a National Health Service-treated series of depressed patients in the same area. Findings among the latter confirm the importance of a severely threatening provoking event for onset among the majority of depressed women patients. The results for the two series are similar except for a small subgroup of patients characterized by a melancholic/psychotic condition with a prior episode.The severe events of importance have been recognized for some time by the traditional ratings of the Life Events and Difficulty Schedule (LEDS). However, the full descriptive material collected by the LEDS has been used to develop a new refined measure reflecting the likelihood of feelings of humiliation and being trapped following a severely threatening event, in addition to existing measures of loss or danger. The experience of humiliation and entrapment was important in provoking depression in both the patient and non-patient series. It proved to be associated with a far greater risk of depression than the experience of loss or danger without humiliation or entrapment.

scholarly journals Clinical and Psychosocial Characteristics of Adolescent Pediatric Patients Hospitalized after Different Types of Suicidal Behaviors—A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5568
Author(s):  
Bartosz Bohaterewicz ◽  
Magdalena Nowicka ◽  
Anna M. Sobczak ◽  
Aleksandra A. Plewka ◽  
Patrycia Gaszczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Suicide Behaviors

The objective of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics of adolescents hospitalized after a suicide attempt or instrumental suicide-related behavior. Participants included thirty-six adolescents from the pediatric unit of a Polish hospital who made a nonfatal suicide attempt (SAA) or engaged in instrumental suicide-related behavior (IBA), as well as a general population sample (GPS). Psychosocial features were measured using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS), the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire–Revised (SBQ-R), the Psychache Scale (TPS), the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), and the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16). The SAA group scored significantly higher than the IBA group and the GPS in modules related to irritability and anhedonia, voice hallucinations and delusions, suicidal acts, thoughts and ideation, and medical lethality. Additionally, the SAA scored higher on the SBQ-R and PQ-16 compared to the IBA group and the GPS. Although anxiety, mental pain, and depressive symptoms could not independently distinguish between the SAA and IBA groups, psychotic symptoms were more frequently present within the SAA group. The above symptoms may be important to consider when screening for suicide risk in the general population.

Post-Traumatic Symptomatology and Compulsions as Potential Mediators of the Relation Between Child Sexual Abuse and Auditory Verbal Hallucinations

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon McCarthy-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
General Population ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: Whilst evidence is mounting that childhood sexual abuse (CSA) can be a cause of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH), it is unclear what factors mediate this relation. Recent evidence suggests that post-traumatic symptomatology may mediate the CSA–AVH relation in clinical populations, although this hypothesis has not yet been tested in the general population. There is also reason to believe that obsessive ideation could mediate the CSA–AVH relation. Aims: To test for evidence to falsify the hypotheses that post-traumatic symptomatology, obsessions, compulsions, anxiety and depression mediate the relation between CSA and AVH in a general population sample. Method: Indirect effects of CSA on AVH via potential mediators were tested for, using a regression-based approach employing data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (n = 5788). Results: After controlling for demographics, IQ and child physical abuse, it was found that CSA, IQ, post-traumatic symptomatology and compulsions predicted lifetime experience of AVH. Mediation analyses found significant indirect effects of CSA on AVH via post-traumatic symptomatology [odds ratio (OR): 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.00–1.29] and compulsions (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01–1.28). Conclusions: These findings offer further support for the hypothesis that post-traumatic symptomatology is a mediator of the CSA–AVH relation. Although no evidence was found for obsessional thoughts as a mediating variable, a potential mediating role for compulsions is theoretically intriguing. This study's findings reiterate the need to ask about experiences of childhood adversity and post-traumatic symptomology in people with AVH, as well as the likely therapeutic importance of trauma-informed and trauma-based interventions for this population.

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