scholarly journals Efficacy of a universal smoking cessation intervention initiated in inpatient psychiatry and continued post-discharge: A randomised controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra P Metse ◽  
John Wiggers ◽  
Paula Wye ◽  
Luke Wolfenden ◽  
Megan Freund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Inpatient Psychiatry ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Objective: Interventions are required to redress the disproportionate tobacco-related health burden experienced by persons with a mental illness. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a universal smoking cessation intervention initiated within an acute psychiatric inpatient setting and continued post-discharge in reducing smoking prevalence and increasing quitting behaviours. Method: A randomised controlled trial was undertaken across four psychiatric inpatient facilities in Australia. Participants ( N = 754) were randomised to receive either usual care ( n = 375) or an intervention comprising a brief motivational interview and self-help material while in hospital, followed by a 4-month pharmacological and psychosocial intervention ( n = 379) upon discharge. Primary outcomes assessed at 6 and 12 months post-discharge were 7-day point prevalence and 1-month prolonged smoking abstinence. A number of secondary smoking-related outcomes were also assessed. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on psychiatric diagnosis, baseline readiness to quit and nicotine dependence. Results: Seven-day point prevalence abstinence was higher for intervention participants (15.8%) than controls (9.3%) at 6 months post-discharge (odds ratio = 1.07, p = 0.04), but not at 12 months (13.4% and 10.0%, respectively; odds ratio = 1.03, p = 0.25). Significant intervention effects were not found on measures of prolonged abstinence at either 6 or 12 months post-discharge. Differential intervention effects for the primary outcomes were not detected for any subgroups. At both 6 and 12 months post-discharge, intervention group participants were significantly more likely to smoke fewer cigarettes per day, have reduced cigarette consumption by ⩾50% and to have made at least one quit attempt, relative to controls. Conclusions: Universal smoking cessation treatment initiated in inpatient psychiatry and continued post-discharge was efficacious in increasing 7-day point prevalence smoking cessation rates and related quitting behaviours at 6 months post-discharge, with sustained effects on quitting behaviour at 12 months. Further research is required to identify strategies for achieving longer term smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Impact of Brief Smoking Cessation Intervention on Abstinence Rate and Glycaemic Control in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khansaa Albaroodi ◽  
Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman ◽  
Ahmed Awaisu ◽  
Asrul Shafie
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of brief smoking cessation intervention on smoking cessation outcomes as well as on glycaemic and blood pressure control among patients with diabetes.Methods: This was a randomised controlled trial involving patients with diabetes who smoked tobacco and attended the out-patient Diabetes Clinic at Penang Hospital in Malaysia. One hundred forty participants were randomised into either control (n = 70) or intervention (n = 70) groups. The intervention consisted of a 5-minute physician-delivered brief counselling on tobacco cessation using 5A’s strategy (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange) in addition to usual care for patients with diabetes, while the control group received only the usual care. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to glucose control, blood pressure levels, and smoking abstinence rates (P >0.05). Furthermore, significant main effects were found between the groups with respect to the number of cigarettes smoked per day (F [1,116] = 6.306). Conclusions: Brief smoking cessation intervention did not result in better abstinence rates or glycaemic control in patients with diabetes. However, it resulted in reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked per day over the study period (6 months), which is the first step in the tobacco cessation process. Trial registrationApproval for the conduct of this study was granted by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia and the Clinical Research Centre at Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia (NMRR-11-477-9538) at (05-10-2011).

scholarly journals A Perioperative Smoking Cessation Intervention with Varenicline

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Wong ◽  
Amir Abrishami ◽  
Yiliang Yang ◽  
Amna Zaki ◽  
Zeev Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Point Prevalence Abstinence

Background The efficacy of perioperative tobacco interventions on long-term abstinence and the safety of smoking cessation less than 4 weeks before surgery is unclear. Our objective was to determine the efficacy and safety of a perioperative smoking cessation intervention with varenicline to reduce smoking in elective surgical patients. Methods In a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 286 patients were randomized to receive varenicline or placebo. Both groups received in-hospital and telephone counseling during 12 months. The primary outcome was the 7-day point prevalence abstinence rate 12 months after surgery. Secondary outcomes included abstinence at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent variables related to abstinence. Results The 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 12 months for varenicline versus placebo was 36.4% versus 25.2% (relative risk: 1.45; 95%: CI: 1.01-2.07; P = 0.04). At 3 and 6 months, the 7-day point prevalence abstinence was 43.7% versus 31.9% (relative risk: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.86; P = 0.04), and 35.8% versus 25.9% (relative risk: 1.43; 95%: CI 1.01-2.04; P = 0.04) for varenicline versus placebo, respectively. Treatment with varenicline (odds ratio: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.03-3.01; P = 0.04), and preoperative nicotine dependence (odds ratio: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.98; P = 0.03) predicted abstinence at 12 months. The adverse events profile in both groups was similar except for nausea, which occurred more frequently for varenicline versus placebo (13.3% vs. 3.7%, P = 0.004). Conclusions A perioperative smoking cessation intervention with varenicline increased abstinence from smoking 3, 6, and 12 months after elective noncardiac surgery with no increase in serious adverse events.

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