Peter L. Berger et la sécularisation

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éric Desautels
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Sacred Canopy ◽  
Religious Landscape

Discussions of the work of Peter L. Berger allow one to reclaim, to reflect and to critique his sociological thinking from a Quebecois point of view. His works, among which The Sacred Canopy (1967) is essential, open, more particularly, the door to reflection on the place of the religious in the public sphere at the beginning of the 21st century and likewise enable a response to the question of the rapid change in the religious landscape in Quebec since the end of the 1960s. In this article, we present a description of two theoretical positions developed by Peter L. Berger in the 20th century, one favourable to the thesis of secularization, the other unfavourable. These opposed positions and criticisms of them within intellectual circles will also be briefly considered. Through a typology developed from the transformation of the religious landscape in Quebec in the 20th century, questions will then be raised about recent studies on secularization in Quebec. The Quebecois case provides nuance for Berger’s classical conception, while challenging and explaining the evolution of his theoretical positions.

Policing the City: Haptic Visuality in Grupo 7

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-155
Author(s):  
Mónica López Lerma
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Surveillance Camera ◽  
Corporate Globalization ◽  
Job Candidates ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

Chapter six turns to Marcelo Piñeyro’s El Método (2005) to examine a perceived tension in contemporary societies between the depoliticization of the public sphere and the opposite call for its repoliticization. The film productively presents this tension in two ways: first, by inviting viewers to participate in depoliticizing structures of power, and then by inviting them to question their role and responsibility in those structures. On the one hand, the film uses the cinematic split-screen technique to grant viewers a godlike perspective and ability to watch different actions and events synchronically, as if through a surveillance camera. Job candidates are scrutinized from the point of view of a multinational corporation during massive anti-corporate globalization protests in Madrid, which the mass media presents in dismissive terms. On the other hand, the film’s subtle use of sound effectively disrupts the complicity of the viewer in these structures and provides possibilities for political subjectivation. Drawing on the work of Michel Chion and Mdalen Dolar, the chapter shows how the “acousmatic sound” of protest irrupts into the viewer’s given space of the visible and provides avenues for what might be called a “sonic emancipation.”

Some differences between varieties of Albanian with special reference to Kosovo

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (178) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandeli Pani
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
Basic Vocabulary ◽  
The Public Sphere

AbstractThe differences between the varieties of the Albanian language as spoken both within the Albanian state and outside have usually been investigated under dialectological aspects. From this point of view there are two main dialects of Albanian: Gheg and Tosk. The aim of this article is to investigate certain socio-historical differences between the Albanian spoken in Albania and Kosovo. The topics we are concerned with are differences in the vocabulary of the public sphere and politics, technology, and terminology. Notable differences can however be ascertained in the use of words (also such words that belong to the basic vocabulary of Albanian) and idiomatic expressions which are used in Kosovo with a meaning different from that which they have in Albania. There exists also a series of words which are totally unknown in the speech of the other community. Certain calques from Serbo-Croatian will also be discussed. The reader’s attention will also be drawn to some of the peculiarities of Kosovo Albanian syntax, which may have arisen from interferences through contact with Serbo-Croatian.

Publics and Participation: England, Britain, and Europe in the “Post-Reformation”

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 836-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lake
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
British History ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere

AbstractThis article responds to the pieces collected in this special issue of the Journal of British Studies, all of which seek to take some notion of the politics of the public sphere and either apply it to, or break it upon the wheel of, various versions of British history during the post-Reformation period. It seeks to bring the other articles into conversation both with one another as well as with existing work on the topic.

scholarly journals The Normativity of Habermas’s Public Sphere from the Vantage Point of Its Evolution

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Maciej Hułas
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Private Property ◽  
The Public ◽  
Age Of Reason ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Classical Setting ◽  
Bourgeois Culture ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Individual

The paper argues that the original normativity that provides the basis for Habermas’s model of the public sphere remains untouched at its core, despite having undergone some corrective alterations since the time of its first unveiling in the 1960s. This normative core is derived from two individual claims, historically articulated in the eighteenth-century’s “golden age” of reason and liberty as both sacred and self-evident: (1) the individual right to an unrestrained disposal of one’s private property; and (2) the individual right to formulate one’s opinion in the course of public debate. Habermas perceives the public sphere anchored to these two fundamental freedoms/rights as an arena of interactive opinion exchange with the capacity to solidly and reliably generate sound reason and public rationality. Despite its historical and cultural attachments to the bourgeois culture as its classical setting, Habermas’s model of the public sphere, due to its universal normativity, maintains its unique character, even if it has been thoroughly reformulated by social theories that run contrary to his original vision of the lifeworld, organized and ruled by autonomous rational individuals.     

scholarly journals The Two-Part Gender Revolution, Women’s Second Shift and Changing Cohort Fertility

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Frejka ◽  
Frances Goldscheider ◽  
Trude Lappegård
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Public ◽  
Employed Mothers ◽  
Cohort Fertility ◽  
Second Shift ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Gender Revolution

The two parts of the gender revolution have been evolving side by side at least since the 1960s. The first part, women’s entry into the public sphere, proceeded faster than the second part, men’s entry into the private sphere. Consequently, many employed mothers have carried a greater burden of paid and unpaid family support than fathers throughout the second half of the 20th century. This constituted women’s “second shift,” depressing fertility. A central focus of this paper is to establish second shift trends during the second half of the 20th century and their effects on fertility. Our analyses are based on data on cohort fertility, male and female labor force participation, and male and female domestic hours worked from 11 countries in Northern Europe, Western/central Europe, Southern Europe, and North America between 1960/70 and 2000/2014. We find that the gender revolution had not generated a turnaround, i.e. an increase in cohort fertility, by the end of the 20th century. Nevertheless, wherever the gender revolution has made progress in reducing women’s second shift, cohort fertility declined the least; where the second shift is large and/or has not been reduced, cohort fertility has declined the most.

The Invisible Other

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Vetter
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Existential Psychology ◽  
World War ◽  
Freudian Psychoanalysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Other Woman

Chapter 8 turns to the figure of the spy, a recurrent trope of her 1956 novel Magic Mirror and the accompanying memoir Compassionate Friendship. If the “other woman” is predicated on a position of alterity, the therapist-spy feigns an identification—and an empathetic connection—that does not in fact exist. At the level of the private sphere, H.D. uses espionage as a mode of critiquing Freudian psychoanalysis, offering in its stead the short-lived existential psychology, a movement which grew out of the trauma of World War II and emphasized an empathetic rather than transferential model of therapy. Shifting outward to the public sphere, her analysis of the figure of the spy becomes an examination of the politics of nationalism.

scholarly journals Starving at the Laid Table? Journalism, Digitalization and Corporate Capitalism

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Schnell
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Professional Authority ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Severe Shortage

Professional journalism fulfills an important role in modern democracies, while always standing with one leg in the public sphere and the other in the private media economy. Within the era of digitalization, the limits of a market-driven professionalism become apparent. Since information appears to be easily accessible due to new media, journalism lost its role as a gatekeeper for “what the world needs to know”. But dropping an anachronistic idea of professional authority—as reform projects within the journalistic profession demanded for decades—does not necessarily lead to a more open and participatory public sphere. On the contrary, the chance for reliable news seems to shrink in the everyday flood of information. Facing a severe shortage of professionalism against the background of an oversupply in the field of journalism might indicate a general paradox of contemporary societies.  

The Politics of Immersive Storytelling

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
Christian Stiegler
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Logic ◽  
The Public Sphere

This article applies and extends the concept of social media logic to assess the politics of immersive storytelling on digital platforms. These politics are considered in the light of what has been identified as mass media logic, which argues that mass media in the 20th century gained power by developing a commanding discourse that guides the organization of the public sphere. The shift to social media logic in the 21st century, with its grounding principles of programmability, popularity, connectivity, and datafication, influenced a new discourse on the logics of digital ecosystems. Digital platforms such as Facebook are offering all-surrounding mediated environments to communicate in Virtual Reality (‘Facebook Spaces') as well as immersive narratives such as Mr. Robot VR. This article provides an understanding of the politics of immersive storytelling and of its underlying principles of programmability, user experience, popularity, and platform sociality, which define immersive technologies in the 21st century.

The Rise of the Other Backward Classes in the Hindi Belt

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Jaffrelot
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Social System ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Arrangement ◽  
Field Workers ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
First Time

The rise of the other backward classes (OBCs) is certainly one of the main developments in the Hindi-belt politics over the last ten years. The OBCs are castes in the Indian social system that are situated above the Untouchables but below the forward castes (the “twice born,” Brahmins, Kshatriyas [warriors] and Vaishyas [merchants]) and the intermediate castes (mostly peasant proprietors and even dominant castes). They form the bulk of the Shudras—the fourth category (varna) of the classical Hindu social arrangement. The OBCs, whose professional activity is often as field-workers or artisans, represent about half of the Indian population, but they have occupied a subaltern position so far. Their rise for the first time seriously questions upper-caste domination of the public sphere.

Colonial Material Collections and Representations of Devadasi Bodies in the Public Sphere in the Early 20th-Century South India

Anthropos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-546
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmi Nadadur Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
South India ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ideal Woman ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
The Guardian

This article discusses how the politics of morality in the early 20th-century South India, in its gendered nation-building exercise, reified a distinction between sacred/profane by using devadasis’ bodies as material objects in the public sphere. Traditional performers of dance and music, devadasis were chosen to represent the profane in a series of historical developments in which both Europeans and Indian colonial elites participated in constructing and using the categories of the sacred and profane to classify sex and body as material, profane, and obscene. Specifically targeting devadasis, these developments resulted in ostracization and criminalization of devadasis and their communities. Using statues, poems, and literature as examples, this article shows how devadasis were collected as material objects and used to represent the notion that some bodies and sex were fundamentally materialistic whilst others were not, such as that of the “new woman” who was imagined to be an ideal woman, and the guardian of the sacred space in the colonial and postcolonial India.

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