Identifying the Factors of the Successful Implementation of Belt and Road Initiative on Small–Medium Enterprises in Malaysia

China Report ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-363
Author(s):  
Aye Aye Khin ◽  
Fong Yi Chiun ◽  
Lim Chee Seong
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Location ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
New Business ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This article is a conceptual review of identifying the factors of the successful implementation of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on small-medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. China’s president Xi Jin Ping has launched the China’s ‘One Belt One Road’ (OBOR) initiative or BRI in 2013. BRI focusses on the connectivity and cooperation between Asian, European and African continents economically and strategically through massive infrastructure developments, trades and investments. BRI is specified to two international trade connections: land-based ‘Silk Road Economic Belt’ and sea-based ‘21st Century Maritime Silk Road’. Malaysia is one of the Southeast Asia countries that actively participated in BRI. According to the World Bank, SMEs are almost 98.5 per cent of business establishments in Malaysia, which undoubtedly indicates how important SMEs are in Malaysia. As such, that is the question to ponder of how BRI could connect and associate with the enhancement and development of Malaysia’s SMEs. Therefore, the objective of the study is to identify the factors of the successful implementation of BRI on SMEs in Malaysia. Based on this study’s literature reviews, it would be suggested that new business and investment opportunity creations, connectivity and cooperation enhancement, trade and export boosting, geographic location and enhancement of e-commerce were the most critical factors in the successful implementation of BRI on SMEs in Malaysia.

scholarly journals The China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor of the Belt and Road Initiative's Economic Impact on Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Müge Çınar
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

In September 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping introduced an ambiguous, geoeconomic & geostrategic concept, “One Belt One Road,” during his visit to Kazakhstan. This global infrastructural development strategy was later defined as the Belt and Road initiative, which is an umbrella for the concepts of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. the Belt and Road Initiative set out to accomplish more advanced transport connections and better economic integration of the member countries. it also aims for interconnection in finance, policies, and infrastructure. Kazakhstan, whose energy and transport infrastructure China has already invested in prior to the BRI, is essential for the SREB, the land-based section of the BRI since it occupies a crucial geostrategic position in the region. Kazakhstan, apart from its great landmass in Euroasia that makes it a linchpin for transport and trade links on the continent, holds large energy reserves. Moreover, it is the strongest economy in the region. Thus, “China considers Kazakhstan crucial for transit, a source of energy, and as a stable neighbour of its unstable Xinjiang province”. This article, It is aimed to analyze the importance of the China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor of the Belt and Road Initiative's Economic Impact on Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Blues: Powering BRI Research Back on Track to Avoid Choppy Seas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc F. Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
The Road ◽  
Political Costs ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
On The Road

AbstractThis piece examines and critiques the massive literature on China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It details how research currently seems stuck on the road to nowhere. In addition, it identifies a number of the potholes that collective research endeavors are hitting such as that they are poorly synchronized. It also stresses that lines of analysis are proliferating rather than optimizing, with studies broadening in thematic coverage, rather than becoming deeper. It points out that BRI participants are regularly related to the role of a bit player in many analyses and research often is disconnected from other literatures. Among other things, this article recommends analysts focus on the Maritime Silk Road Initiative (MSRI) or Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) in specific regions or countries. It also argues for a research core that focuses on the implementation issue (i.e., the issue of MSRI and SREB project implementation), project effects (i.e., the economic and political costs and benefits of projects), and the translation issue (i.e., the domestic and foreign policy effects of projects) and does work that goes beyond the usual suspects. On a related note, research need to identify, more precisely, participants and projects, undertake causal analysis, and take into account countervailing factors. Furthermore, studies need to make more extensive use of the Chinese foreign policy literature. Moreover, works examining subjects like soft power need to improve variable conceptualization and operationalization and deliver more nuanced analyses. Finally, studies, especially by area specialists, should take the area, not the China, perspective.

scholarly journals A brief analysis of new media pushing "The Belt and Road" Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiqiang Xiao ◽  
Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Abstract: in 2013, President Xi put forward the strategic ideas of "Silk Road Economic Belt" and "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" during his visit to central Asia and South Asia, which gained extensive attention from the international community. To promote the implementation of the "The Belt and Road" initiative, it is necessary to not only build good infrastructure to promote economic and trade exchanges between countries, but also create a good public opinion environment to enhance exchanges and mutual trust between countries. New media, as one of the main channels of information communication in the current era, plays an important role in spreading the culture of "The Belt and Road" initiative and promoting economic cooperation among countries with its characteristics of flexibility, interactivity and high efficiency. Exploring the role of new media in promoting the political, cultural and economic aspects of the "The Belt and Road" initiative will be of great significance to mastering the power of discourse of the Silk Road and strengthening the exchanges and cooperation among countries along the route.

scholarly journals Logistics Challenges Along the New Silk Roads

2021 ◽  
pp. 295-307
Author(s):  
Hans-Dietrich Haasis ◽  
Jianhui Du ◽  
Xuejun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Communication And Coordination ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
The Silk Road

AbstractIn 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping advised to establish the “Silk Road Economic Belt” and the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road,” also referred as the Belt and Road Initiative or the New Silk Roads Policy. The intention is to promote international and regional trade as well as cooperation in and between Asia and Europe. Consequently, international maritime and terrestrial freight transport corridors are either established or strengthened and operated. The purpose of this paper is to reflect the Belt and Road Initiative from the perspective of logistics. The aim is to identify and formulate circumstances, expectations, opportunities, and peculiarities of logistics along the New Silk Roads. For this purpose, four corresponding challenges will be considered and outlined after an introduction to the Belt and Road Initiative. The four logistics challenges concern the awareness of new freight transport corridors and the assessment of possibilities for opening new transport relations and new markets, the implementation of new and the adaptation of existing supply chains to increase strategic logistics flexibility, the availability and use of digital infrastructure and connectivity for improved communication and coordination of logistical processes, and the willingness to consider regional and cultural differences in the preparation and realization of supply chain decisions.

scholarly journals Prospects for Science and Technology Cooperation between the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and Portugal under the Belt and Road Initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaming Liang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Technological Cooperation ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
The Eu

President Xi, focusing on building a new pattern of all-round opening up to the outside world and promoting the common prosperity and progress of all countries, put forward a major proposal for the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the maritime Silk Road in twenty-first Century. The bay area economy, as an important coastal economic form, is the highlight of the current international economic map, and is a significant symbol of the world's first-class coastal city. The international first-class bay areas, such as New York Bay area, San Francisco Bay area and Tokyo Bay area, are characterized by openness, innovation, livability and internationalization. The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has four world-class cities, name Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macao, and the Pearl River Delta city cluster. It has an open economic structure, efficient resource allocation ability, strong agglomeration and spillover function and development international communication network plays a core function of leading innovation and gathering radiation. It is an important growth pole for promoting the economic development of the maritime Silk Road and a leader in technological change. With the help of Portugal's geographical position on the maritime Silk Road and market access advantages within the EU system, the Greater Bay Area should further deepen scientific and technological cooperation, improve the ability of scientific and technological innovation of both sides, let the scientific research subjects of the bay area help Portugal's scientific and technological development, and enhance Portugal's scientific and technological position in the EU. From the perspective of the Belt and Road Initiative, combined with the basic situation and cooperation of China, especially Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau, and the development of science and technology in Portugal, this article explores the technological fields, policy measures that are suitable for scientific and technological cooperation between the two sides, and puts forward corresponding suggestions to contribute to the technological development of China, Portugal and the global economic and social sustainable development.

scholarly journals Analyzing Interactions between Japanese Ports and the Maritime Silk Road Based on Complex Networks

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hua Hu ◽  
Chan-Juan Liu ◽  
Paul Tae-Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Connectivity Analysis ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Maritime Networks ◽  
Belt And Road

This article considers how the Japanese ports interact with the ports of China and along the 21st century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) while they are embedded in the global port network, especially in the context of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. At a port level, it primarily uses connectivity analysis to analyze the port relations and significances in the maritime network. In contrast, at the network level, it applies the methods from network sciences to analyze the significances of these maritime networks and the interactions among the maritime networks of Japan, China, and MSR. This article extracts a large-scale maritime network from ports and vessels’ profiles and data of vessels’ Automatic Identification System (AIS). It then examines the relations among the networks (including Japan, China, MSR, and global ports) after defining the maritime networks, network generation schemes, and port network analysis tools. Based on the analysis results and findings, this study draws some implications for regional ports and shipping development and the global supply network.

Belt and Road Initiative in Africa: The Impact of Standard Gauge Railway in Kenya

China Report ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-240
Author(s):  
Nancy Muthoni Githaiga ◽  
Wang Bing
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Debt Sustainability ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Core Part

China’s Belt and Road has been billed as the single most significant undertaking by the country on the international stage. In Africa, Kenya is a core part of both the Maritime Silk Road and the Belt. The authors have examined the flagship project of this initiative in Kenya, the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) from the port of Mombasa to Nairobi, with a view to analyse the impact so far. Issues of employment, debt sustainability, neocolonialism and specific aspects of the project were looked at. Although our findings indicate that the SGR so far has both positive aspects as well as challenges, for the project to be successful both China and Kenya need to create a synergy towards solving concerns that have arisen from the completion of phase 1 of the project.

scholarly journals Dispute Settlement in the Belt and Road Initiative: Lessons from the Singapore Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Justice Steven Chong
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Business Law ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Abstract Historically, Singapore has played an important role in the growth and success of the old maritime Silk Road. Today, Singapore remains an important stop on the Belt and Road, though its advantages now also lie in its position as a trusted, neutral forum for the efficient resolution of disputes as well as a platform for the sharing of ideas for the development of a legal framework for dispute resolution in the Belt and Road Initiative. Three initiatives have been taken by Singapore to strengthen its new position, including the Asian Business Law Institute, the Singapore International Commercial Court, and the Singapore–China Annual Legal and Judicial Roundtable.

scholarly journals مبادرة الحزام والطريق: نشأة وأهداف / The Belt and Road Initiative: Origin and Objectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Ding Long
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Abstract The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a strategy initiated by Chinese government that seeks to connect Asia with Africa and Europe via land and maritime networks with the aim of increasing commercial exchange, stimulating economic growth and improving regional integration. The BRI comprises a Silk Road Economic Belt and a 21st century Maritime Silk Road. The initiative defines five major priorities, namely policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and people-to-people bonds. The BRI has been associated with large investment programs in infrastructure projects. It is also an increasingly important umbrella mechanism for China’s bilateral trade with BRI partners.

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