Integrating Ideas into Policy-Making Analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1054-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Bleich
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Policy Frames ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
History Of Race ◽  
Cross National

This article argues that systematically integrating ideas into policy-making analysis greatly enhances our understanding of policy outcomes. Variables emphasized by other schools of thought—such as power, interests, institutions, and problems—often provide an inadequate explanation of policy choices. To demonstrate the contribution of ideas to policy-making analysis, this article examines the impact of policy frames, showing how they help actors define their interests, generate interpretations of pressing problems, and constrain actions. Retracing the history of race policy development in Britain and France reveals that each country's frames influenced domestic policy outcomes and thus played a vital role in explaining cross-national race policy differences.

scholarly journals The Impact of Tracheotomy on the Eventual Outcome of Surgery for Benign Laryngotracheal Stenosis in a Tertiary Health Care Setup

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Laryngotracheal Stenosis ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Eventual Outcome ◽  
Outcome Of Surgery

ABSTRACT Introduction Acquired benign laryngotracheal stenosis is often preventable. A majority of such patients have a history of some airway intervention, ranging from a planned endotracheal intubation for the purpose of anesthesia, to an emergency tracheotomy in the setting of stridor. The primary aim of the first treating clinician is to secure the airway, and often these patients already have a tracheotomy at the time of initial presentation. Materials and methods We analyzed 80 patients that have been managed for varying grades and locations of acquired benign laryngotracheal stenosis presenting to a tertiary healthcare centre, and analyzed the impact of tracheotomy on the eventual outcome. Summary and conclusion Tracheotomies performed in patients suffering from stenosis in the airway pose technical challenges. If planned even in the most urgent situations, they can play a vital role in determining the eventual outcome of the definitive treatment. The site, technique and care of the tracheotomy are key factors in determining the eventual outcome. How to cite this article Hathiram BT, Khattar VS. The Impact of Tracheotomy on the Eventual Outcome of Surgery for Benign Laryngotracheal Stenosis in a Tertiary Health Care Setup. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(2):51-56.

The Development of the Underclass

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marne L. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Local Media ◽  
History Of ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact ◽  
History Of Race

Chapter 4, “The Development of the Underclass,” contextualizes the history of race in Los Angeles within the history of the American West (1870 – 1900). It explores how local white Angelenos combated notions of criminality and attempted to portray Los Angeles as atypical compared to other western American centers, hoping to pin its social ills on the small racialized communities (black Latino/a, and Chinese) that they were actively trying to segregate and minimize. It also explores California’s legal history, and examines the impact of federal, state, and local legislation on the communities of racialized minorities, particularly African American, Native American, and Chinese people. This chapter also examines the role of the local media in shaping mainstream attitudes towards local people of color.

Public Opinion, Domestic Structure, and Foreign Policy in Liberal Democracies

1991 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Risse-Kappen
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Impact

The paper discusses the role of public opinion in the foreign policy-making process of liberal democracies. Contrary to prevailing assumptions, public opinion matters. However, the impact of public opinion is determined not so much by the specific issues involved or by the particular pattern of public attitudes as by the domestic structure and the coalition-building processes among the elites in the respective country. The paper analyzes the public impact on the foreign policy-making process in four liberal democracies with distinct domestic structures: the United States, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, and Japan. Under the same international conditions and despite similar patterns of public attitudes, variances in foreign policy outcomes nevertheless occur; these have to be explained by differences in political institutions, policy networks, and societal structures. Thus, the four countries responded differently to Soviet policies during the 1980s despite more or less comparable trends in mass public opinion.

Executive Agencies in Government: The Impact of Bureaucratic Networks on Policy Outcomes

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Gains
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Policy Network ◽  
British Government ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Alternative Service ◽  
Executive Agencies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Key Questions

The creation of agencies is a growing feature of contemporary governance yet key questions about agency autonomy and their influence on policy making remain unanswered. This article operationalises a policy network approach to explore the impact of agentification in three British government departments. It argues that the transfer of resources from departments to agencies created differing power-dependent networks between minister, department and agency. The networks have had both intended and unintended impacts on policy outcomes. Agencies have input to policymaking, the network's level of integration affects how well policies are delivered, networks have developed policy preferences and acted to impede further institutional change. These findings assist in understanding the nature of agencies' autonomy, the diversity of their impact on the policy process, and provide insights for other forms of alternative service delivery.

Institutional Development through Policy-Making: A Case Study of the Brazilian Central Bank

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Over Time

A number of contemporary studies rightly emphasize the notion that policy outcomes result from institutional determinants. But as a growing literature on institutional development notes, these institutions are themselves impermanent. Sometimes, in crisis moments, institutions are replaced wholesale. More frequently, institutions evolve gradually over time. using the Brazilian Central Bank as a case study, this article illustrates that the policy-making process itself can be a central driver of gradual institutional development, with institutions evolving through the accumulation of policy choices made over many years and under different policymakers in response to contemporaneous events and unforeseeable economic and political challenges.

The policy battle over information and digital policy regulation: a canadian perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Geist
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Development Process ◽  
Canadian Perspective ◽  
Consumer Perspectives ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMany countries find their information and digital policies still dominated by traditional stakeholders, particularly the content industry, major telecom companies, and marketing groups, yet Canada has experienced a notable shift in perspective with a strong and influential public interest voice. This shift toward public interest and participation in the development of Canadian information and digital policies has led to legislation, regulation, and policy outcomes that once seemed highly unlikely. This Article seeks to better understand the changing role of the public in Canadian information and digital policymaking by framing the developments as an ongoing policy development process featuring a series of closely linked changes and responses. The emergence of public participation on information and digital policy issues occurred across a spectrum of issues, yet the traits were strikingly similar: grassroots efforts reliant on social media and the Internet to capture media and public attention and focus it on consumer perspectives, minimal interest from government and regulators; and initial dismissal giving way to hostility from incumbent stakeholders. The Article identifies some of the reasons behind the shift, including the growing importance of information and digital policies, the impact of digital advocacy tools, and the shifting policy pyramid in which users have now largely leapfrogged corporate interests as policy influencers. While the shift does not mean the public interest wins on every issue, it does suggest an important change in influence with long-term ramifications for the development of information and digital policy in Canada that others may seek to emulate.

Who is in charge here? Legislators, bureaucrats and the policy making process

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-363
Author(s):  
Viktoryia Schnose
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Policy Stability

Scholars in comparative politics often assume that political parties are the primary instruments for translating citizens’ preferences into specific policy outcomes. However, the crucial but often forgotten link between preferences, parties, and outcomes is the bureaucracy. Are bureaucrats able to affect policy outside of parties’ control? And, if so, how does this bureaucratic policy drift differ across institutional contexts? I argue that institutions that regulate the nomination process by which parties in government select bureaucrats (meritocratic versus partisan recruitment) determine the levels of bureaucratic influence on the policy making process, specifically in terms of policy change. I test my theoretical argument using two large cross-national datasets on budget allocations and policy stability. I find that bureaucratic professionalism partially explains changes in allocation to the “ideological” budgetary categories and is positively correlated with policy stability around the world.

scholarly journals The Impact of Language Testing Washback in Promoting Teaching and Learning Processes: A Theoretical Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Faten Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Language Context ◽  
High Stakes Exams ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Learning Language

Existing literature indicates that assessment is a critical aspect of teaching and learning language; the outcomes of testing are vital. The history of assessment can be traced back to when exams primarily served two significant purposes in China: choosing candidates for admission into government offices and preventing corruption. Washback as a concept can be traced back to the 1990s. It was advanced by Alderson and Wall in 1993 as a force that obliges test-takers and tutors to engage in particular tasks or activities due to exams. In this regard, washback is an impact that a test has on the teaching and learning process. High-stakes exams like the LOBELA demonstrate the significance of washback in the Saudi English-as-a-foreign-language context. This paper explores the mechanisms through which washback occurs in teaching and learning processes, ways to determine its validity, and different types of washback. It further highlights the impact of washback in promoting teaching and learning processes, as well as the role it plays in policy development in the educational system.   

scholarly journals Opening the ‘Black Box’ of asylum governance: decision-making and the politics of asylum policy-making

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pettrachin
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Asylum Policy ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Strategic Element ◽  
Public Reaction ◽  
The Impact

AbstractComplementing and challenging the existing literature on the Italian asylum crisis, this article develops an actor-centred approach to open the ‘black box’ of asylum governance, showing the constitutive effects of governance on the asylum issue. It then applies this approach to the case of the Veneto region in Italy during the recent ‘refugee crisis’. By doing so, the article, first, investigates the cognitive mechanisms that shape key actors’ asylum policy decisions. Drawing concepts and ideas from framing and sensemaking theories, it shows that, while there is certainly a strategic element that shapes actors' policy preferences, there is also a meaningful cognitive component in asylum governance. Indeed, it argues that actors' strategies are shaped, more than by anti-immigration public attitudes per se (as often assumed), by how political actors make sense of these attitudes. The article then applies SNA to examine how actors' understandings are located within and depend upon network relations and investigate actors' agency, power and interactions. It ultimately shows that local asylum policy outcomes are deeply influenced by the ‘politics of policy-making’, that is by power dynamics and how powerful actors position themselves, behave and mobilize their understandings. Finally, by examining the impact of policy outputs on cognitive micro-level mechanisms, the article sheds light on the interplay between the ‘regulatory’ and the ‘public reaction’ dimensions of the Italian asylum crisis, illustrating the relationship between public attitudes on migration, frame emergence, asylum policy-making, politics and public mobilizations in the active constitution of the Italian asylum crisis.

scholarly journals Examining participatory governance in a devolving UK: Insights from national parks policy development in Northern Ireland

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1516-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan PW Bell ◽  
Aileen Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
National Park ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Participatory Governance ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Policy Making Process

This paper provides a contemporary examination of policy making and participatory practice in the context of devolving governance in the UK. The paper takes Northern Ireland as its focus and is particularly timely considering the context of devolved governance, the ongoing transition from conflict to relative peace and the potential for rejuvenating democracy through participatory governance. The paper concentrates on one particular policy process, namely the attempted designation of a national park in the Mournes Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. A thematic analysis of qualitative data is drawn upon to analyse the structural factors that framed the policy-making process, in particular the role of power in determining how consultation processes were initiated, designed and undertaken. Using Lukes’ model as an analytical framework, power is shown to manifest at multiple levels within the policy-making process to influence policy outcomes. The paper reveals how the persistence of a top-down approach to policy development combined with a highly parochial political outlook undermined attempts to designate a Mourne National Park. The paper concludes that, given the immaturity of recently devolved government in Northern Ireland, in this instance, the democratising intentions of devolved governance have not been met. This has implications for Northern Ireland’s recent reform of public administration which devolves certain planning powers to local authority level and the management of the internationally significant Mournes landscape.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document