Institutional Development through Policy-Making: A Case Study of the Brazilian Central Bank

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Over Time

A number of contemporary studies rightly emphasize the notion that policy outcomes result from institutional determinants. But as a growing literature on institutional development notes, these institutions are themselves impermanent. Sometimes, in crisis moments, institutions are replaced wholesale. More frequently, institutions evolve gradually over time. using the Brazilian Central Bank as a case study, this article illustrates that the policy-making process itself can be a central driver of gradual institutional development, with institutions evolving through the accumulation of policy choices made over many years and under different policymakers in response to contemporaneous events and unforeseeable economic and political challenges.

Agenda-Setting and Business-Government Relations across the EU’s Policy-Making Cycle

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-140
Author(s):  
David Coen ◽  
Alexander Katsaitis ◽  
Matia Vannoni
Keyword(s):  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Policy Cycle ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Business Lobbying

This chapter examines the policy cycle’s role in agenda-setting and business mobilization. The chapter draws from theories on agenda-setting and deliberative theory. It discusses agenda-setting procedures in the EU’s context and their impact on business mobilization. Conversely, it addresses business strategies to influence the EU’s agenda, and policy outcomes across the policy-making process. Empirically, it employs extensive surveys of business and policy-makers. The chapter also includes a case study on business strategies across the policy cycle focusing on the car emissions scandal (Diesel-gate). Finally, the chapter provide a rare and systematic glimpse into members of the European Parliament’s perceptions of business lobbying across the policy cycle. In doing so, it contributes to discussions on influence, insiders/outsiders, consultations, business lobbying coalitions, and deliberation in policy-making.

Integrating Ideas into Policy-Making Analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1054-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Bleich
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Policy Frames ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
History Of Race ◽  
Cross National

This article argues that systematically integrating ideas into policy-making analysis greatly enhances our understanding of policy outcomes. Variables emphasized by other schools of thought—such as power, interests, institutions, and problems—often provide an inadequate explanation of policy choices. To demonstrate the contribution of ideas to policy-making analysis, this article examines the impact of policy frames, showing how they help actors define their interests, generate interpretations of pressing problems, and constrain actions. Retracing the history of race policy development in Britain and France reveals that each country's frames influenced domestic policy outcomes and thus played a vital role in explaining cross-national race policy differences.

Developing Virtual Communities to Support Drug Policy Knowledge Exchange

2013 ◽  
pp. 279-302
Author(s):  
Mowafa Househ ◽  
Andre W. Kushniruk ◽  
Malcolm Maclure ◽  
Bruce Carleton ◽  
Denise Cloutier-Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Action Case

Within Canada, there is a growing need in the area of drug policy to develop virtual communities to facilitate knowledge exchange between academics and policy-makers. Such collaborations are regarded as a way to make research relevant by influencing the policy-making process. This chapter presents an action case study of three drug policy groups participating in various virtual knowledge exchange activities. The experiences and lessons learned by each group participating in this study are provided. Recommendations and solutions to conduct successful virtual knowledge exchange meetings based on the findings of this research are also provided.

Debunking myths about oil: A case study of oil subsidies

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-200
Author(s):  
Jung Taek Han ◽  
Seo Yeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Oil Politics ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
States Government ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Mass Participation

Despite increasing demands for the reform of oil subsidies, the United States government fails to enact substantial reform policies on the issue. The paper visits the biggest unresolved cleavage in the environmental policy literature where there have been no attempts to quantitatively assess the influence of lobbying and mass participation on the policy-making process. It thus attempts to quantify and examine various factors behind legislators’ votes, and the results are hard to square with a pure lobbying model. While the role of lobbying is certainly not ruled out of the explanatory model per se, this paper observed that congressional preferences may instead also be driven by the voter perception towards environmental regulation in each state. The thrust of the argument is that lobbying, while being a decisive factor, may not be the only one influencing legislators’ decisions for the oil subsidy reform bills. This study hypothesizes that the exchange model theory might not fully provide an explanation of why oil subsidies continuously fall through. It suggests that oil politics may instead follow the neo-pluralist model: While lobbying is an important factor in voting results, legislators are mindful of voters’ perspectives in spite of the fact that they are unorganized—and that they might in fact be even more powerful determinants than the lobby variable.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Dahlström
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Commissions Of Inquiry ◽  
Referral Systems ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Rational Process ◽  
Over Time

This chapter introduces the section on policy-making in Sweden. It starts from the observation that, at least for outside observers, Swedish policy-making has been portrayed as a rational process. Two features of Swedish policy-making have been particularly important for the emerging of the idea of a consensual and rational process. The first, and most well known, is the corporatist policy-making style, and the second feature is the commissions of inquiry and referral systems. Two other important characteristics of the Swedish policy process concern coordination and the creation of party-political support. The chapters in this section describe these four features of the Swedish policy-making process and pay special attention to changes over time.

Public Opinion, Domestic Structure, and Foreign Policy in Liberal Democracies

1991 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Risse-Kappen
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Impact

The paper discusses the role of public opinion in the foreign policy-making process of liberal democracies. Contrary to prevailing assumptions, public opinion matters. However, the impact of public opinion is determined not so much by the specific issues involved or by the particular pattern of public attitudes as by the domestic structure and the coalition-building processes among the elites in the respective country. The paper analyzes the public impact on the foreign policy-making process in four liberal democracies with distinct domestic structures: the United States, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, and Japan. Under the same international conditions and despite similar patterns of public attitudes, variances in foreign policy outcomes nevertheless occur; these have to be explained by differences in political institutions, policy networks, and societal structures. Thus, the four countries responded differently to Soviet policies during the 1980s despite more or less comparable trends in mass public opinion.

Forging an External EU Migration Policy: From Externalisation of Border Management to a Comprehensive Policy?

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Papagianni
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
External Dimension ◽  
External Migration

Abstract This article presents a critical analysis of the new developments in the formation of an external dimension of EU migration policy. It seeks to offer comprehensive answers to why, how and who build(s) external migration policy. The author analyses the current institutional framework emphasising, first, the changes introduced by the Lisbon Treaty, second, the variety of actors involved and the relations between them, and third, the innovative character of certain recent instruments. Next, the comprehensive and balanced character of the new policy is questioned. Its fundamental principles and objectives, as those are described in particular in the new Global Approach on Migration and Mobility, the so-called GAMM, are presented and examined in depth. Readmission agreements, visa facilitation agreements and mobility partnerships are used as case studies that provide a thorough review of the policy-making process and an assessment of the respective policy outcomes.

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