A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Reading Comprehension Interventions on the Reading Comprehension Outcomes of Struggling Readers in Third Through 12th Grades

2021 ◽  
pp. 001440292110508
Author(s):  
Marissa J. Filderman ◽  
Christy R. Austin ◽  
Alexis N. Boucher ◽  
Katherine O’Donnell ◽  
Elizabeth A. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Struggling Readers ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Strategy Instruction ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Upper Elementary ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Theories Of Reading ◽  
Comprehension Intervention

Informed by theories of reading comprehension and prior reviews of reading comprehension intervention, this meta-analysis uniquely contributes to the literature because it describes the relative effects of various approaches to comprehension intervention for struggling readers in Grades 3 through 12. Findings from 64 studies demonstrate significant positive effects of reading comprehension intervention on comprehension outcomes ( g = .59, p < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.47, 0.74], τ2 = .31). A metaregression model indicated significantly higher effects associated with researcher-developed measures, background knowledge instruction, and strategy instruction, and significantly lower effects associated with instructional enhancements. Grade level, metacognitive approaches, and study quality did not moderate effects. Findings support the use of background knowledge instruction and strategy instruction to support comprehension of struggling readers in upper elementary and beyond.

scholarly journals Self-Questioning Strategy for Struggling Readers: A Synthesis

2019 ◽  
pp. 074193251988033
Author(s):  
Johny Daniel ◽  
Kelly J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Struggling Readers ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Strategy Instruction ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Case Design

This review examined the effects of self-questioning (SQ) strategy instruction on reading comprehension outcomes for students with learning disabilities and struggling readers in Grades K-12. Our literature search, encompassing the past 53 years (1965–2018) of research, found 10 studies that fit our inclusion criteria. Reviewed studies included eight group design and two single-case design studies. Overall, the effects of SQ strategy instruction on students’ reading comprehension outcomes were mixed. No clear trends of the effects of SQ strategy intervention were associated with participants’ grade level and type of instruction (explicit or nonexplicit instruction). Effects of the total number of hours of SQ strategy instruction on students’ reading outcomes varied slightly with medium to large effects for students receiving two or more total hours of strategy instruction.

A Review of Summarizing and Main Idea Interventions for Struggling Readers in Grades 3 Through 12: 1978–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Stevens ◽  
Sunyoung Park ◽  
Sharon Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Struggling Readers ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Single Case Designs

This systematic review examines the effects of summarizing and main idea interventions on the reading comprehension outcomes of struggling readers in Grades 3 through 12. A comprehensive search identified 30 studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1978 and 2016. Studies included struggling reader participants in Grades 3 through 12; targeted summarizing or main idea instruction; used an experimental, quasi-experimental, or single-case design; and included a reading comprehension outcome. A meta-analysis of 23 group design studies resulted in a statistically significant mean effect of 0.97. Group size, number of sessions, grade level, and publication year did not moderate treatment effect. Visual analysis of six single-case designs yielded strong evidence for retell measures and a range of evidence for short-answer comprehension measures. Findings suggest that main idea and summarizing instruction may improve struggling readers’ main idea identification and reading comprehension. Limitations include the lack of standardized measures and the unreported, changing description of the counterfactual.

scholarly journals Do You Get the Picture? A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Graphics on Reading Comprehension

AERA Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 233285842090169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daibao Guo ◽  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Katherine Landau Wright ◽  
Erin M. McTigue
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Text Comprehension ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flow Diagrams ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Mixed Format

Although convergent research demonstrates that well-designed graphics can facilitate readers’ understanding of text, there are select situations where graphics have been shown to have no effect on learners’ overall text comprehension. Therefore, the current meta-analytic study examined 39 experimental studies published between 1985 and 2018 measuring graphics’ effects on readers’ comprehension. We first quantified the overall effect on reading comprehension. Then, we considered interactions with learners’ characteristics, graphic types, and assessment formats. Our analysis revealed that the inclusion of graphics had a moderate overall positive effect (Hedges’s g = 0.39) on students’ reading comprehension, regardless of grade level. Regarding graphic type, we did not find a significant difference among pictures, pictorial diagrams, and flow diagrams. Only when compared to mixed graphics, pictures had a greater effect on comprehension. Additionally, compared with true and false assessments, graphics differentially benefited students’ comprehension on open-ended comprehension assessments and mixed format assessments. Implications for future research are presented.

scholarly journals COMPUTER ORIENTED LANGUAGE LEARNING APPROACH (COLLAP) FOR STRUGGLING READERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (35) ◽  
pp. 249-269
Author(s):  
Jayson A. Quinto ◽  
Editha V. Rana ◽  
Juana Nimfa P. Abrigo
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Struggling Readers ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Distant Learning ◽  
Comprehension Skills ◽  
Face To Face Instruction ◽  
Post Assessment

This action research applies the concept of hybrid instruction, as an instrument in developing reading comprehension skills of 35 grade 6 struggling readers of Demesa Elementary School. The study adopts the descriptive quantitative, that gauges the positive effects of technology-based instruction using online learning modules, through the use of computers and or other available digital technology and platforms capable of performing prescribed learning activities. The identified struggling readers engage in 20 stories in whichever they prefer; distant learning or face-to-face instruction. They engage with the online modules through viewing, listening, reading, and comprehension check. To interpret comprehension level, the software generated scores of each pupil in every story are converted to a percentage. Once they had finished the online modules they have undergone a post-assessment test. The result of both pre and post assessment, comparison of data through T-Test Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variance reflects a 66% increase in reading comprehension. This technological approach in ameliorating comprehension skills through established techniques facilitate learners in processing ideas to be able to answer comprehensively. This also shows that digital technology is more motivating among learners especially that their age is inclined in digital media. Pupils are eager and easily learn in times they are interested in things they are doing; intrinsic motivation became part of the comprehension process. The increase in reading comprehension of target participants tells that COLLAP is a powerful tool in distance learning that it can be catered in times when face-to-face instruction is not applicable due to the absence of learners. This also shows that parents have an integral part in enriching their learners' academic performance, their participation, as well as their support, becomes the key factor of children's achievement in both distant learning and face-to-face instruction.

scholarly journals Helping Struggling Readers Comprehend Information Texts

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Struggling Readers ◽  
Reading Strategies ◽  
Strategy Instruction ◽  
Informational Text ◽  
Text Structure ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Instructional Intervention ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Post Test

This experimental study examined the effect of an instructional intervention that combined the use of information texts and instruction in reading strategies to improve the reading comprehension of struggling grade 5 students. Elementary (primary) school children are infrequently instructed in strategies for reading informational text, with its genre specific text structure although this is an essential component of information literacy. Two grade 5 classes were pre- and post- tested for reading comprehension. One class received instruction in collaborative strategy instruction for reading informational text. The post-test revealed that students in the experimental class achieved significantly better comprehension scores than the control class. This study examined the effect of an instructional intervention that combined the use of information texts and instruction in reading strategies to improve the comprehension of struggling fifth grade readers.

scholarly journals How Tiered English Instruction Affects Reading Comprehension of Thai Students in Mixed-Ability EFL Classrooms

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Piyawadee White ◽  
Jutarat Vibulphol
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Instructional Strategy ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
English Reading ◽  
Thai Students ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Efl Classrooms ◽  
English Instruction ◽  
Instruction Approach

One challenge teachers have when teaching mixed-ability classrooms is ensuring that each student is appropriately supported and challenged based on their current ability. Tiering is an instructional strategy proposed in the Differentiated Instruction approach to address this issue. This article explores how an English reading course that tiered the content, process, and product affected the reading comprehension of ninth grade EFL students. The three elements were tiered to serve three groups of students—basic, grade-level, and advanced. Two parallel pretest and posttest were used to collect the data. The positive effects of the tiered instruction on the students’ reading comprehension in this study suggest further implementation of tiered instruction in other EFL classrooms. Further research should explore how tiered instruction functions with different learner demographics and in other language skill settings.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Traditional versus Technology-based Instruction on Reading Comprehension of EFL Students

EFL Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Alsuwat ◽  
Jamaal Rashad Young
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exclusion Process ◽  
Strategy Instruction ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Based Instruction

Reading is an essential skill for language acquisition, especially for learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Reading comprehension is essential for academic success, thus teachers and researchers are consistently testing new strategies and resources to assist EFL students. Given the growing technological infrastructure many schools are forgoing traditional strategies for digital reading resources. Thus, the purpose of this meta-analysis investigates the effects of using strategy instruction versus technology-based instruction on the reading comprehension of EFL learners. A Meta-analysis of 17 studies (20 effect sizes) published between the years 2007 and 2016 was conducted. A three level inclusion and exclusion process was used to select studies based on the a priori criteria. The overall combined effect size for traditional strategies and technology-based strategies was (d=1.176), which is considered a large effect size. The findings of the moderator analysis suggest that the use of traditional reading strategy instruction or technology-based reading instruction is equally effective for supporting the reading comprehension of EFL students. Recommendations for enhanced teaching and learning are provided to support EFL student reading comprehension.

A Synthesis of Reading Comprehension Interventions for Persons With Mild Intellectual Disability

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-651
Author(s):  
Alexandra Shelton ◽  
Jade Wexler ◽  
Rebecca D. Silverman ◽  
Laura M. Stapleton
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Strategy Instruction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Mild Intellectual Disability ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Rigorous Research

The inclusion of individuals with intellectual disability (ID) in typical settings is increasing. To promote success in these settings, educators must support the reading comprehension of individuals with ID. Therefore, we conducted a synthesis of the extant research on reading comprehension interventions for individuals in the largest category of ID—mild ID—in Grades 4 through 12 and postsecondary programs. We review the methodological and intervention features of eight group-design studies and six single-case design studies published between January 2001 and December 2018. Findings from the 14 studies revealed inconsistent effects of single-component and multicomponent interventions on expository and narrative reading comprehension. However, medium to large positive effects were typically found from interventions using peer-mediated instruction and explicit strategy instruction. More rigorous research investigating the effects of reading comprehension interventions for individuals with mild ID using standardized measures is warranted. Practical implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.

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