The Left Cerebral Hemisphere of the Brain and the Japanese Language

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-866
Author(s):  
Tsunoda Tadanobu
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Left Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
The Brain

A discussion of apraxia, aphasia, and gestural language

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (6) ◽  
pp. R884-R887
Author(s):  
N. Helm-Estabrooks
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Communication Disorder ◽  
Left Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Language Behavior ◽  
Normal Language ◽  
Symbolic Gestures ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

It is understood that damage to the left cerebral hemisphere in adulthood may result in syndromes of language disturbances called the aphasias. The study of these syndromes sheds light on normal language processes, the relationship between language behavior and the brain, and how best to treat aphasic individuals. Aphasia, for some, is a central communication disorder affecting all symbolic behavior in all modalities (i.e., speech, writing, and gesture). Difficulty producing symbolic gestures on command is called apraxia. Others view aphasia as a manifestation of a motor-sequencing disorder affecting all gestural systems including those required for speech movements. These divergent theories of the underlying nature of aphasia can be tested through examination of deaf individuals who use sign language before onset of aphasia. Poizner et al. [Am. J. Physiol. 246 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 15): R868-R883, 1984] studied three such patients with different aphasia syndromes: one patient had a nonsymbolic, motor-sequencing disorder; one had a gestural apraxia; and one had neither. These findings force the conclusion that neither the symbolic nor motor-sequencing theory of aphasia can account for the many varieties of that disorder.

scholarly journals Non epileptogenic Rasmussen`s encephalitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
Mario Minor Murakami Junior ◽  
Gabriel Bernardes Baron ◽  
Marcela Usberti Gutierre ◽  
Leandro José Guimarães Filho ◽  
Júlia Chartouni Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Left Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Rasmussen’S Encephalitis ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) is a very rare chronic inflammatory unilateral encephalopathy with still unknown etiology. It predominantly affects children under the age of 10, but can also affect adolescents and adults. Current evidence on possible etiologies are divided in two main theories. The first one is based on brain inflammation caused by a reaction to a foreign antigen. The second one is based on an autoimmune disease that is limited to a single hemisphere of the brain. The common presentation is intractable and frequent focal motor seizures, often associated with progressive neurological decline, and progressive unilateral focal cortical atrophy. Progression of the inflammatory process in MRI is considered a good biomarker in RE. Objectives: Report a rare case of a female infant presenting atypical manifestations of uncommon symptoms without seizures caused by Rasmussen's encephalitis. Case Report: A ten-year-old right-handed female presented to the emergency department with sudden onset of abnormal involuntary movements of the right upper and lower limbs, face paresia of the same side and loss of attention without loss of consciousness. The involuntary contractions were brief, random, irregular, and worsened with activity, along with a positive milkmaid grip sign. She also displayed reduced movement speed and hyperactive biceps, triceps, patellar and ankle jerk reflexes. Associated with the motor abnormalities, the girl presented with a recent but progressive decrease in cognitive functions, which caused a decline in school performance and impaired reasoning, and affective blunting. She had no sign of previous neuropsychomotor development abnormality. She was taken to a quaternary hospital where a MRI and a CT of the brain were performed. MRI showed atrophy of the left cerebral hemisphere, predominantly in the operculum and head of the caudate nucleus, hypersignal in the insular cortex and adjacent white matter. CT presented with hypoattenuation of the left frontal lobe and parieto-occipital white matter associated with atrophy of the head of the caudate nucleus of the same side and enlargement of the adjacent fissures and sulcus. A subsequent PET-CT showed a left cerebral hemisphere hypometabolism, predominantly in the basal ganglia, temporal, frontal and insular lobes. Functional evaluation detected diffuse unilateral disorganization of brain electric activity, but no epileptic paroxysmal discharges were found on the electroencephalogram. After hospitalization, human immunoglobulin at the dose 2g/kg/day was used for five days. The girl remained stable, with no complications. After sixteen days, she was discharged with a rehabilitation program and follow-up care.

Left-Cerebral Hemisphere Superiority in Tachistoscopic Word-Recognition Performances

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter F. McKeever ◽  
Maurice D. Huling
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Left Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Efficient Route ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Under conditions of monocular unihemispheric projection of word stimuli to the brain, 10 normal Ss uniformly showed superior word recognition ability of the left, as opposed to the right, cerebral hemisphere. Left-hemisphere recognitions were significantly more frequent than right-hemisphere recognitions for both eyes, but the extent of left-hemisphere superiority was significantly greater for the left eye. The results support the hypothesis that words projected to the right hemisphere traverse a less efficient route to the language centers of the left hemisphere.

scholarly journals Limb apraxia in aphasic patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 767-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Zazo Ortiz ◽  
Joana Mantovani-Nagaoka
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Good Predictor ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Left Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Numerous Case ◽  
Limb Apraxia ◽  
Motor Movements ◽  
Motor Difficulties

ABSTRACT Limb apraxia is usually associated with left cerebral hemisphere damage, with numerous case studies involving aphasic patients. The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of limb apraxia in aphasic patients and analyze its nature. This study involved 44 healthy volunteers and 28 aphasic patients matched for age and education. AH participants were assessed using a limb apraxia battery comprising subtests evaluating lexical-semantic aspects related to the comprehension/production of gestures as well as motor movements. Aphasics had worse performances on many tasks related to conceptual components of gestures. The difficulty found on the imitation of dynamic gesture tasks also indicated that there were specific motor difficulties in gesture planning. These results reinforce the importance of conducting limb apraxia assessment in aphasic patients and also highlight pantomime difficulties as a good predictor for semantic disturbances.

Relation between Hemispheric Specialization and Gross Motor Control in Normal Right-Handed Children

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1227-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Williams ◽  
Peter Werner ◽  
George Purgavie
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Hemispheric Specialization ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Projection System ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Left Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
Hand Coordination ◽  
The Right ◽  
Abstract Shapes

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the nature of the relationship between gross-motor, eye-hand coordination and hemispheric specialization in normal right-handed children. Participants were 30 children, 75–99 mo. 15 boys and 15 girls performed a gross-motor eye-hand coordination task (a controlled, continuous one-handed ball bounce) and a test of hemispheric specialization. A backscreen tachistoscopic projection system was used to present letters and abstract shapes to left and right visual hemifields. A multivariate analysis of variance yielded a significant main effect for eye-hand coordination but not for sex. Follow-up analyses indicated that speed and accuracy of responses to verbal and spatial stimuli presented to the left cerebral hemisphere were significantly related to proficiency of eye-hand coordination. Data suggest that certain aspects of hemispheric specialization may be important to gross-motor eye-hand coordination in young children. Since the left cerebral hemisphere is the major control center for movements of the right side, the hemisphere which controls movements of a particular side may also assume the major responsibility for processing information needed to regulate those movements.

scholarly journals BT-05 A CASE OF GLIOMATOSIS CEREBRI WITH TOTAL SPINAL CORD EXTENSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii37-ii37
Author(s):  
Yasuyoshi Chiba ◽  
Osamu Takemoto ◽  
Junji Yamada ◽  
Takaki Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Spinal Cord Tumor ◽  
Gliomatosis Cerebri ◽  
Eye Enucleation ◽  
Left Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Disease

Abstract INTRODUCTION Although gliomatosis cerebri is no longer a pathological diagnostic name, it is still an important disease state as a gliomatosis cerebri growth pattern. Here we report a case of gliomatosis cerebri originating from the left cerebral hemisphere that developed whole spinal cord. CASE A 10-year-old boy. He has a history of 13q-syndrome and left retinoblastoma. Left eye enucleation and chemotherapy (modified 98A1) have been performed. MRI in July 2017 showed no abnormalities, but in September 2018, he developed epilepsy. MRI revealed a gliomatosis cerebri that spreads extensively in the left cerebral hemisphere. Biopsy revealed anaplastic astrocytoma (MIB-1 LI; 22%, IDH1 / 2; WT, TERT C228T mutation positive) and IMRT (59.4Gy) and temozolomide (Stupp regimen) were performed in December 2018. In June 2019, neck pain developed. Head and neck MRI revealed that the tumor in the head increased lightly, and there was no suspicion of tumor growth in the brainstem, but the tumor progressed to the entire spinal cord. Therefore, radiation therapy was started from the lower brainstem that had not been irradiated last time to the entire spinal cord, and administration of bevacizumab was started. DISCUSSION Based on the single cell origin theory, the left hemisphere tumor and spinal cord tumor should be continuous. Since gliomatosis cerebri is visualized on MRI only after the tumor volume has increased and edema has occurred, it may appear as if there is no tumor in between. The spinal cord MRI was not taken, so it is only speculation, but it seems that tumor cells had probably infiltrated the spinal cord from the beginning, and it seems that it gradually increased because it was not irradiated. Considering the possibility of remote invasion as in this case, it is necessary to consider taking MRI of spinal cord at the first occurrence.

scholarly journals Brain Functional Network in Chronic Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis and Occlusion: Changes and Compensation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shihao He ◽  
Ziqi Liu ◽  
Zongsheng Xu ◽  
Ran Duan ◽  
Li Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Asymptomatic Carotid ◽  
Functional Connection ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
The Brain

Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (CAS) and occlusion (CAO) disrupt cerebral hemodynamics. There are few studies on the brain network changes and compensation associated with the progression from chronic CAS to CAO. In the current study, our goal is to improve the understanding of the specific abnormalities and compensatory phenomena associated with the functional connection in patients with CAS and CAO. In this prospective study, 27 patients with CAO, 29 patients with CAS, and 15 healthy controls matched for age, sex, education, handedness, and risk factors underwent neuropsychological testing and resting-state functional magnetic resonance (rs-fMRI) imaging simultaneously; graph theoretical analysis of brain networks was performed to determine the relationship between changes in brain network connectivity and the progression from internal CAS to CAO. The global properties of the brain network assortativity (p=0.002), hierarchy (p=0.002), network efficiency (p=0.011), and small-worldness (p=0.009) were significantly more abnormal in the CAS group than in the control and CAO groups. In patients with CAS and CAO, the nodal efficiency of key nodes in multiple brain regions decreased, while the affected hemisphere lost many key functional connections. In this study, we found that patients with CAS showed grade reconstruction, invalid connections, and other phenomena that impaired the efficiency of information transmission in the brain network. A compensatory functional connection in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere of patients with CAS and CAO may be an important mechanism that maintains clinical asymptomatic performance. This study not only reveals the compensation mechanism of cerebral hemisphere ischemia but also validates previous explanations for brain function connectivity, which can help provide interventions in advance and reduce the impairment of higher brain functions. This trial is registered with Clinical Trial Registration-URL http://www.chictr.org.cn and Unique identifier ChiCTR1900023610.

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