An analysis of trends in publications on ‘tobacco control’

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Didem Unutmaz Durmuşoğlu ◽  
Pınar Kocabey Çiftçi
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Research Field ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Organization Framework ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Health Organization

Objectives: Publications on tobacco control were quantitatively analysed to gain insight into the essential characteristics of the research field and trends and patterns in publication activities. The goal was to detect changes in the number of publications before and after the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) was introduced. Study design: A bibliometric analysis was performed to assess the current status and research themes of tobacco control papers listed in the Web of Science database published between 1990 and 2015. Methods: Quantitative analyses were conducted to investigate publication activities, geographic distribution and individuals’ research fields within tobacco control. Results: The number of publications on tobacco control was over 81 times higher in 2015 than in 1990. At least 50% of the papers were published by authors in high-income countries. In addition, in the first 5 years after the WHO FCTC was introduced, publications on tobacco control increased considerably and the first publications from authors from Malaysia and Uruguay appeared. Researchers from the Americas Region of WHO contributed to the field much more frequently than those from the other five WHO regions. Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest that researchers’ interest from most countries increased after the WHO FCTC was introduced. However, research outputs from low- and middle-income countries remained comparatively low. Promoting more interest in tobacco control among researchers in these countries may help control the future prevalence of smoking.

Accelerating an end to smoking: a call to action on the eve of the FCTC’s COP9

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-189
Author(s):  
Derek Yach
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Organization Framework ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) is the first treaty negotiated under the auspices of the WHO. This study aims to describe progress toward the framework’s goals, setbacks and strategies to update its articles to optimize outcomes. Design/methodology/approach A review of relevant literature, including papers in this special issue, forms the basis for identifying steps necessary to amplify the impact of the FCTC. Findings The WHO suggests that there are 1.3 billion users of tobacco globally. The expected deaths associated with tobacco use could be dramatically reduced by hundreds of millions between now and 2060 through measures that improve cessation and harm reduction support among adults. Additional steps needed to achieve the goals of the FCTC include developing new initiatives to address areas of profound neglect (for example, women); investing in global research and innovation; addressing the needs of vulnerable populations; and establishing a mechanism to fund priority actions required by low- and middle-income countries, including support for alternative livelihoods for smallholder farmers. Practical implications In November 2020, the WHO FCTC Parties will host their next Conference of the Parties (COP9) in the Netherlands. This paper aims to contribute to the needed policy decisions related to this meeting. Since acceptance of this article, the WHO FCTC team announced that doe to the COVID-19 pandemic COP9 has been rescheduled till November 2021. Originality/value There exists a need to prioritize the goals of tobacco control and offer clear strategies for its execution. This paper fills this niche via a thorough and up-to-date analysis of how to amend and enforce the FCTC.

scholarly journals Chemical and Biological Components of Urban Aerosols in Africa: Current Status and Knowledge Gaps

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egide Kalisa ◽  
Stephen Archer ◽  
Edward Nagato ◽  
Elias Bizuru ◽  
Kevin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Nitro Derivatives ◽  
Health Organization

Aerosolized particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture that has been recognized as the greatest cause of premature human mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Its toxicity arises largely from its chemical and biological components. These include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitro-derivatives (NPAHs) as well as microorganisms. In Africa, fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning in urban settings are the major sources of human exposure to PM, yet data on the role of aerosols in disease association in Africa remains scarce. This review is the first to examine studies conducted in Africa on both PAHs/NPAHs and airborne microorganisms associated with PM. These studies demonstrate that PM exposure in Africa exceeds World Health Organization (WHO) safety limits and carcinogenic PAHs/NPAHs and pathogenic microorganisms are the major components of PM aerosols. The health impacts of PAHs/NPAHs and airborne microbial loadings in PM are reviewed. This will be important for future epidemiological evaluations and may contribute to the development of effective management strategies to improve ambient air quality in the African continent.

scholarly journals Prophylaxis and Treatment against Klebsiella pneumoniae: Current Insights on This Emerging Anti-Microbial Resistant Global Threat

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4042
Author(s):  
Vanessa Arato ◽  
Maria Michelina Raso ◽  
Gianmarco Gasperini ◽  
Francesco Berlanda Scorza ◽  
Francesca Micoli
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Threat

Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is an opportunistic pathogen and the leading cause of healthcare-associated infections, mostly affecting subjects with compromised immune systems or suffering from concurrent bacterial infections. However, the dramatic increase in hypervirulent strains and the emergence of new multidrug-resistant clones resulted in Kp occurrence among previously healthy people and in increased morbidity and mortality, including neonatal sepsis and death across low- and middle-income countries. As a consequence, carbapenem-resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Kp have been prioritized as a critical anti-microbial resistance threat by the World Health Organization and this has renewed the interest of the scientific community in developing a vaccine as well as treatments alternative to the now ineffective antibiotics. Capsule polysaccharide is the most important virulence factor of Kp and plays major roles in the pathogenesis but its high variability (more than 100 different types have been reported) makes the identification of a universal treatment or prevention strategy very challenging. However, less variable virulence factors such as the O-Antigen, outer membrane proteins as fimbriae and siderophores might also be key players in the fight against Kp infections. Here, we review elements of the current status of the epidemiology and the molecular pathogenesis of Kp and explore specific bacterial antigens as potential targets for both prophylactic and therapeutic solutions.

scholarly journals Why is tobacco control progress in Indonesia stalled? - A qualitative analysis of interviews with tobacco control experts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Putu Ayu Swandewi Astuti ◽  
Mary Assunta ◽  
Becky Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tobacco Policy ◽  
Policy Adoption ◽  
Power Imbalance ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
Organization Framework ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Indonesia shoulders a significant tobacco burden, with almost two million cases of tobacco-related illnesses and more than two hundred thousand tobacco-related deaths annually. Indonesian tobacco control is progressing but lags behind other countries. Our study evaluates factors that contribute to the slow progress of tobacco policy change in Indonesia from the perspective of tobacco control experts (TCEs). Method We conducted qualitative interviews with four international and ten national TCEs, who have been active in tobacco control for at least 5 years. Our interview guideline included questions on the current tobacco control situation in Indonesia and explored reasons why tobacco control is progressing so slowly. The interviews were conducted either in English or Bahasa Indonesia, recorded and then transcribed verbatim. We conducted a thematic analysis based on five core causal factors for policy adoption: institutions, networks, socio-economic factors, agendas and ideas. Results The multistage delay of tobacco policy adoption is principally due to political structures and policy hierarchy, complex bureaucracy, unclear roles and responsibilities, and a high degree of corruption. The low bargaining position and lack of respect for the Ministry of Health also contributes. There are contrasting frames of tobacco as a strategic economic asset and tobacco control as a sovereignty threat. There is an imbalance of power and influence between well entrenched and resourced tobacco industry networks compared to relatively young and less established tobacco control networks. The policy agenda is likely influenced by the privileged position of tobacco in Indonesia as a socially acceptable product with high consumption. There are constraints on transferring ideas and evidence to successful policy adoption. Conclusion Tobacco companies have substantially influenced both policy decisions and public perceptions, signifying a power imbalance within the government system and broader networks. Acceding to and enforcing the World Health Organization-Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) would enable the Indonesian government to shift the power imbalance towards public health stakeholders. Tobacco control advocates must enhance their network cohesion and embrace other community groups to improve engagement and communication with policymakers.

scholarly journals Trade Controversy Amidst Tobacco Control Provisions: Dynamics on the Establishment of U.S Tobacco Control Act 2009

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Puguh Toko Arisanto
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Scientific Advisory Committee ◽  
Scientific Advisory ◽  
Organization Framework ◽  
Health Organization

<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This article examines the dynamics­­­­­­­­ on the establishment of a health policy that U.S suddenly issued, so-called Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (FSPTCA). Some provisions of this act having something to do with trade were assumed controversial policy due to two reasons. First, it banned the circulations of specific flavors in cigarettes but allowed menthol-containing tobacco products. Second, this act involved tobacco industry participation on Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee (TPSAC). In short, this article addresses interest groups consisting of tobacco companies and civil society groups influencing U.S government to take action regarding ratification of World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). They both have contradicting interests and race against each other to influence government through varied means. I argue that this opposing domestic dynamics influences U.S government to issue FSPTCA that contained two controversies and adopted provisions of WHO FCTC as win-win solution.</p><p> <strong>Keyword</strong>s: tobacco control; interest groups; ratification; influence; win-win solution. </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstrak</em></strong></p><p><em>Artikel ini membahas mengenai dinamika pembentukan sebuah kebijakan atau undang-undang kesehatan Amerika, FSPTCA yang dikeluarkan secara mendadak. Beberapa ketentuan dari undang-undang ini berkaitan dengan perdagangan dan diasumsikan sebagai kebijakan yang kontroversial karena dua alasan. Pertama, undang-undang ini melarang peredaran rokok beraroma rasa namun mengizinkan produk tembakau yang mengandung mentol. Kedua, undang-undang ini melibatkan partisipasi industri tembakau dalam sebuah kelompok para penasehat ilmiah produk tembakau. Singkatnya, artikel ini merujuk pada kelompok kepentingan yaitu perusahaan-perusahaan rokok dan kelompok masyarakat sipil yang mempengaruhi pemerintah dalam meratifikasi konvensi kerangka kontrol tembakau dari WHO. Mereka memiliki kepentingan yang saling bertentanga</em><em>n</em><em> dan saling berlomba untuk mempengaruhi pemerintah Amerika melalui berbagai macam cara. Akhirnya, penulis beragumen bahwa dinamika domestik yang saling bertentangan mempengaruhi pemerintah AS untuk mengeluarkan kebijakan FSPTCA yang</em><em> memuat dua kontroversi dan</em><em> mengadopsi ketentuan WHO FCTC dengan dua kontroversinya sebagai win-win solution. </em></p><p><em> </em><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em></strong><em>: kontrol tembakau; kelompok kepentingan; ratifikasi; mempengaruhi; </em>win-win solution.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Analisis Keputusan Indonesia terhadap WHO FCTC pada Masa Kepemimpinan Presiden Joko Widodo Tahun 2014-2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Aloysius Anandyo Pambudi
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
World Health ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
Organization Framework ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Online Sources

This article aims to analyze Indonesia’s decision on World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in the leadership period of President Joko Widodo from 2014-2019. As one out of nine states which have not to sign and ratify WHO FCTC, historically Indonesia is one of the full drafting member states which actively involved in the convention’s making and negotiations since 1996. However, from 2003 until 2019, Indonesia still refuses to sign or ratify WHO FCTC. From past years, studies about Indonesia’s non-compliance decision on WHO FCTC limited by the analysis focused on domestic factors to explain state’s behavior, non-state actors’ interest, or discourse about tobacco control issues. This article provides an analysis of the state’s (Indonesia) behavior from the systemic level by using the theory of international regime’s functions. By using secondary data obtained from official documents of state or international organizations, books, journals, and other online sources linked to Indonesia’s decision on WHO FCTC, this article shows that Indonesia’s non-compliance decision to WHO FCTC in the leadership of President Joko Widodo from 2014-2019, caused by Indonesian government’s negative interpretations to the legal liability, reducing cost, and information facilitation functions of WHO FCTC.

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