scholarly journals A trickle-down model of task and development i-deals

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1508-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Rofcanin ◽  
Mireia Las Heras ◽  
P Matthijs Bal ◽  
Beatrice IJM Van der Heijden ◽  
Didem Taser Erdogan
Keyword(s):  
Social Information Processing ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Prosocial Motives ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
Trickle Down

In today’s competitive landscape, employees increasingly negotiate idiosyncratic deals (i-deals), referring to personalized work arrangements that address recipients’ unique work needs and preferences. While i-deals unfold in a dyadic context between subordinates and their managers, the consequences of i-deals concern everyone including co-workers and the organization. Focusing on task and development i-deals, we propose a trickle-down model to explore whether and how organizations benefit from i-deals. First, we argue that managers’ task and development i-deals cascade down to their subordinates, leading them to have similar i-deals with downstream consequences for co-workers and the organization. Furthermore, we propose that effective implementation of task and development i-deals are context-specific: we integrate the role of managers’ servant leadership as a boundary condition to explore the association between managers’ and subordinates’ task and development i-deals. We also integrate subordinates’ prosocial motives to explore the association between subordinates’ task and development i-deals and their work outcomes. We draw on work adjustment, social learning and social information processing theories to study our proposed associations. The results of a matched employee–manager dataset collected in the Philippines support our hypothesized model. This study contributes to i-deals research by: (1) testing whether and how task and development i-deals can be mutually beneficial for all the involved parties; and (2) revealing how the context, at the individual level, explains how and when task and development i-deals can best be implemented in workplaces. This study highlights that individualization of HR practices need not be a zero-sum game.

Individual Level Knowledge Transfer in Virtual Settings

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeying Wan ◽  
Nicole Haggerty ◽  
Yinglei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
The Individual

Since the emergence of the knowledge-based view of the firm in the mid-1990, researchers have made considerable effort to untangle the complexity of how individuals create, capture and realize value from knowledge. To date, this burgeoning field has offered rich and yet diverse insights involving contextual, process and outcome factors that influence individual level knowledge transfer. Concomitantly globalization and advancing technologies have extended virtual work arrangements such as virtual teams and virtual communities on the internet and considerably extended the knowledge base upon which individuals can draw when creating, acquiring, sharing and integrating knowledge. Research on individual level knowledge transfer has also embraced these virtual environments spawning new insights. Hence the objective of this paper is to assess current state of research and identify potential avenues for future research at the intersection of these two dimensions. The authors focus specifically on knowledge transfer research at the individual level instead of the team or firm level and within virtual settings. Applying a process view of knowledge transfer, they synthesize existing findings and discuss issues surrounding the inputs, processes, and outputs. The synthesis reveals both strengths and gaps in the literature. Accordingly, the authors offer directions for future research that may address the gaps and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of individual level knowledge transfer in virtual settings.

scholarly journals A comparison of the socio-economic determinants of growth retardation in South African and Filipino infants

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1220-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L Jones ◽  
Paula L Griffiths ◽  
Linda S Adair ◽  
Shane A Norris ◽  
Linda M Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Context Specific

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between household socio-economic status (SES) at birth and poor infant growth such as small for gestational age (SGA) and stunting across two different socio-cultural settings: South Africa and the Philippines.DesignData were from two longitudinal birth cohorts, the Birth to Twenty (Bt20) study in South Africa and the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS) in the Philippines.SubjectsBt20 infants (n 2293 total; reduced to 758 (SGA), 450 (stunting 1 year) and 401 (stunting 2 years)) and CLHNS infants (n 2513 total; reduced to 2161 (SGA), 1820 (stunting 1 year) and 1710 (stunting 2 years)).ResultsCLHNS infants were significantly more likely to be born SGA (20·9 v. 11·7 %) and be stunted at 1 year (32·6 v. 8·7 %) and 2 years (48·9 v. 21·1 %) compared with Bt20 infants. Logistic regression analyses showed that SES (index) was a significant predictor of stunting at 1 and 2 years of age in the CLHNS cohort. SES (index or individual variables) was not a significant predictor of SGA in either cohort, or of stunting in the Bt20 cohort. Maternal education, ownership of a television and toilet facilities were all independent predictors of stunting in the CLHNS cohort.ConclusionsThe social and economic milieu within the Philippines appears to place CLHNS infants at greater risk of being born SGA and being stunted compared with Bt20 infants. The present research highlights the importance of investigating the individual SES variables that predict infantile growth faltering, to identify the key areas for context-specific policy development and intervention.

scholarly journals Bribing Behaviour and Sample Selection: Evidence from Post-Socialist Countries and Western Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 235 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artjoms Ivlevs ◽  
Timothy Hinks
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Public Official ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Biased Estimates

Summary We study the individual-level determinants of bribing public officials. Particular attention is paid to the issue of respondents’ non-random selection into contact with public officials, which may result in biased estimates. Data come from the 2010 Life in Transition Survey, covering 30 post-socialist and five Western European countries. The results suggest that the elderly tend to be less likely to bribe public officials, while people with higher income and, especially, low trust in public institutions are more likely to bribe. Several determinants of bribery - ethnic minority status, the degree of urbanisation, social trust - are context specific, i.e. they change signs or are statistically significant according to the geographical region or the type of public official. The results show that not accounting for sample selection effects may produce a bias in estimated coefficients.

Strengthening the bond and enhancing team performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luo Lu ◽  
Hsueh-Liang Fan
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Team Cohesion ◽  
Relationship Development ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Team Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychological Similarity

Purpose Using interpersonal relationship development as a metaphor for team process, the purpose of this paper is to explore critical psychological mechanisms transforming team inputs into successful work outcomes, at the individual level. Design/methodology/approach The participants in this study were full-time employees in Taiwan. The authors employed a two-phase design to examine the developmental aspect of, and the enhancer for the team process. Paper-based questionnaires were used to collect data. All the research constructs were assessed at the individual level, thus analysis was conducted at the same level. Findings The results from 338 Taiwanese employees revealed that perceived psychological similarity (i.e. value and attitudinal congruence, a team input) led to favorable work outcomes (i.e. job satisfaction and team performance) through the linking mechanism of team cohesion. Furthermore, team members’ trait emotional intelligence (EI) amplified the positive relationship between psychological similarity and team cohesion. Practical implications First, managers should purposefully assemble employees with similar values and interests to work together, giving the team a good start with the like minds. Second, the results indicated that trait EI as a key personal resource enhances the positive relationship between psychological similarity and team cohesion. Workplace learning interventions should be implemented to improve employees’ emotion management skills. Originality/value Adopting the interpersonal relationship development perspective to study team process, the findings have confirmed the important roles of perceived psychological similarity among members and individual’s EI for team functioning. The authors’ endeavor has demonstrated the value of solid theoretical basis and the benefit of an individual-level analysis in delineating the mediating processes that explain why certain inputs affect team effectiveness and viability.

scholarly journals COVID-19 vaccine brand hesitancy and other challenges to vaccination in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Maever L Amit ◽  
Veincent Christian F Pepito ◽  
Lourdes Sumpaico-Tanchanco ◽  
Manuel M Dayrit
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Model ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Vaccination Uptake ◽  
Marginalised Groups ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background: COVID-19 vaccines have been developed at a rapid and unprecedented pace to control the spread of the virus, and prevent hospitalisations and deaths. However, there are a series of events and factors that create barriers to vaccination. In this paper, we explore vaccination narratives and challenges experienced and observed by Filipinos during the early vaccination period in the Philippines. Material and methods: We conducted 35 interviews from a subsample of 1,599 survey respondents ages 18 and older in the Philippines. The interviews were conducted in Filipino, Cebuano, and/or English via online platforms such as Zoom or via phone call. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated, and analysed using inductive content analysis. To highlight the complex reasons for delaying and/or refusing COVID-19 vaccines, we embedded our findings within the social ecological model. Results: Our analysis showed that individual perceptions play a major role on the decision to vaccinate. Such perceptions are shaped by exposure to (mis)information amplified by the media, the community, and the health system. Social networks may either positively or negatively impact vaccination uptake, depending on their views on vaccines. Political issues contribute to vaccine brand hesitancy, resulting to vaccination delays and refusals. Perceived inefficiencies and inflexibility of the system also create additional barriers to the vaccine rollout in the country, especially among vulnerable and marginalised groups. Conclusions: Challenges to COVID-19 vaccination may be individual, interpersonal, and structural, which work individually and collectively. Among these barriers, our results suggest that many concerns regarding vaccination operate at the individual level. Vaccine brand hesitancy and misinformation are growing public health challenges in the country that need to be addressed. Recognising and addressing concerns at all levels are critical to solutions aimed at improving COVID-19 vaccination uptake and reach.

Context-Specific Measurement of Individualism-Collectivism on the Individual Level

1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Matsumoto ◽  
Michelle D. Weissman ◽  
Ken Preston ◽  
Bonny R. Brown ◽  
Cenita Kupperbusch
Keyword(s):  
Individual Level ◽  
Specific Measurement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Context Specific

Humble Leader Behavior and Its Effects on Performance at the Team and Individual Level: A Multi-Perspective Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 105960112110244
Author(s):  
Shengming Liu ◽  
Xin Lucy Liu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Information Processing ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Leader Behavior ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Cognitive Diversity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Processing Theory ◽  
Team Potency ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
The Individual

Drawing upon social information processing theory, this study builds a multilevel model to explore the effects of humble leader behavior on performance in teams. Time-lagged and multi-source data were gathered from 298 employees across 70 work teams. Results indicated that at the individual level, humble leader behavior was positively related to individual performance via organization-based self-esteem, while at the team level, humble leader behavior was positively related to team performance via team potency. Moreover, team cognitive diversity moderated the indirect effects of humble leader behavior on individual and team performances, such that the positive indirect effects were stronger for teams with high cognitive diversity than for those with low cognitive diversity. Implications and limitations are also discussed.

Revisiting the USDA reports: Context, capital and organization

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-157
Author(s):  
Cornelia Butler Flora
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Food System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Context Specific

Much of what has been said regarding the two USDA reports relates to social organization: How do we organize science? How is indigenous knowledge organized? How is our food system organized? Social organization implies we have choices: at the individual level, the household level, the community level, the regional level, and the national level. It also means we must be aware of the global context in which our actions occur. Social organization is context-specific; one size does not fit all.

scholarly journals Parenting, culture, and the development of externalizing behaviors from age 7 to 14 in nine countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1937-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Lansford ◽  
Jennifer Godwin ◽  
Marc H. Bornstein ◽  
Lei Chang ◽  
Kirby Deater-Deckard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Child Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Child Externalizing

AbstractUsing multilevel models, we examined mother-, father-, and child-reported (N= 1,336 families) externalizing behavior problem trajectories from age 7 to 14 in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). The intercept and slope of children's externalizing behavior trajectories varied both across individuals within culture and across cultures, and the variance was larger at the individual level than at the culture level. Mothers’ and children's endorsement of aggression as well as mothers’ authoritarian attitudes predicted higher age 8 intercepts of child externalizing behaviors. Furthermore, prediction from individual-level endorsement of aggression and authoritarian attitudes to more child externalizing behaviors was augmented by prediction from cultural-level endorsement of aggression and authoritarian attitudes, respectively. Cultures in which father-reported endorsement of aggression was higher and both mother- and father-reported authoritarian attitudes were higher also reported more child externalizing behavior problems at age 8. Among fathers, greater attributions regarding uncontrollable success in caregiving situations were associated with steeper declines in externalizing over time. Understanding cultural-level as well as individual-level correlates of children's externalizing behavior offers potential insights into prevention and intervention efforts that can be more effectively targeted at individual children and parents as well as targeted at changing cultural norms that increase the risk of children's and adolescents’ externalizing behavior.

scholarly journals The Double Burden of Malnutrition at the Individual Level Among Adults: A Nationwide Survey in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen R. de Juras ◽  
Wan-Chen Hsu ◽  
Susan C. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factor ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: Double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is a fast-evolving public health challenge. The rising prevalence of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases alongside persistent nutritional deficiencies are compelling problems in many developing countries. However, there is limited evidence on the coexistence of these conditions in the same individual among community-dwelling adults. This cross-sectional study describes the various forms of DBM and examines the determinants of DBM at the individual level among adults in the Philippines.Materials and Methods: A nationwide dataset from the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey was used. The final study sample consisted of 17,157 adults (8,596 men and 8,561 non-pregnant and non-lactating women). This study focused on three DBM types within adults: (#1) Underweight and at least one cardiometabolic risk factor (Uw + ≥1 CMRF), (#2) Anemia and at least one cardiometabolic risk factor (An + ≥1 CMRF), (#3) Vitamin A deficiency or iodine insufficiency and at least one cardiometabolic risk factor (Other MND + ≥1 CMRF). The total double burden of malnutrition was also evaluated as the sum of the aforementioned three types. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations between socio-demographic and lifestyle factors and DBM.Results: The prevalence of the three types of DBM were: type #1, 8.1%; type #2, 5.6%; type #3, 20.6%, and the total DBM prevalence was 29.4%. Sex, age, educational attainment, employment status, wealth quintile, and alcohol drinking were the risk factors for DBM. In contrast, marital status, smoking, and physical activity were associated with the different DBM types.Conclusion: The study findings contribute to the current state of knowledge on the broad spectrum of individual-level DBM. Understanding the disparities of this phenomenon could guide integrated actions directed to the concomitance of malnutrition in various forms and cardiometabolic disease risks.

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