scholarly journals The impact of youth labour market experiences on later employment opportunities: What roles do ethnicity and gender play?

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-674
Author(s):  
Carolina Viviana Zuccotti ◽  
Jacqueline O’Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Early Labour ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Youth joblessness often leaves a scar. However, some ethnic groups appear to be more successful in recovering from this than others. Using a unique dataset (ONS Longitudinal Study) linking census records for a 1% sample of the population of England and Wales, we examine the relationship between early labour market experiences and later employment outcomes for men and women from Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Caribbean origins to those of white British individuals. Our results show that, on average, being unemployed or inactive in youth (vs being employed or in education) reduces employment opportunities later in life. However, this varies greatly by ethnicity and gender: Indian and, especially, Bangladeshi men are substantively less affected by previous non-employment compared with white British men; for women, having an ethnic minority background continues to limit their labour market integration. Addressing gender and ethnic labour market inequalities requires a more nuanced understanding of how these disadvantages unfurl over time for different communities.

scholarly journals Από την εκπαίδευση στην αμειβόμενη εργασία: Εμπειρική διερεύνηση της εργασιακής ένταξης των νέων στην Ελλάδα

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαρία Καραμεσίνη
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Labour Market Integration ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Labour Market Entry

<p>The paper empirically investigates the transition of youth from education to work in Greece by using a macroeconomic and dynamic approach. It examines in particular the labour market integration of young graduates of the year 1999<br />by educational attainment level and gender, as well as the difficulties they had in stabilizing in employment during 2000-2005. The paper also discusses the impact of the economic context at the moment of graduation and during the first years after labour market entry by comparing employment performance of the 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000 and 2002 cohorts, one, three and five years after graduation. The methodology used for the empirical analysis consists of the creation of pseudopanels and the estimation of a number of indicators of labour market integration for consecutive years.</p>

scholarly journals The Vocational Specificity of Educational Systems and Youth Labour Market Integration: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-740
Author(s):  
Lieselotte Blommaert ◽  
Ardita Muja ◽  
Maurice Gesthuizen ◽  
Maarten H J Wolbers
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Labour Market Integration ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Youth Labour

Abstract Comparative research on the impact of the vocational specificity of educational systems on youth labour market integration has expanded rapidly in the past decades. The present study reviews this body of research, focusing on how it has conceptualized the vocational specificity of educational systems and theorized its effect on youth labour market integration. Moreover, this study synthesizes the empirical evidence compiled in this research using a meta-analytical approach. Our review reveals that this research area is theoretically fragmented. A commonly accepted definition of the vocational specificity of educational systems is lacking and various theoretical approaches and conceptual frameworks are invoked to theorize the effect of vocational specificity, while exact mechanisms that are assumed to underlie the effect are often left unspecified. Our meta-analysis includes 105 effect estimates nested in 19 studies, published between 2003 and 2018, that used methods enabling a formal meta-analytical comparison. Results show that the overall average effect is positive and statistically significant but its magnitude is modest and there is substantial variability in the size and even direction of observed effects. We find that this variability is partly driven by which aspect of labour market integration was examined and which measure of vocational specificity was used.

Labour Market Returns to Graduates’ International Experience: Exploring Cross-Country Variation in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marita Jacob ◽  
Michael Kühhirt ◽  
Margarida Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Market Returns ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Studying Abroad ◽  
Early Labour ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Graduate Unemployment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe potential benefits of increased international experience abound, ranging from enriching cultural understanding to an improvement of language skills and intercultural competence. At the same time, empirical evidence is mixed, particularly with regards to how well international experience translates into individual returns on the labour market. This article examines the association between studying abroad and early labour market outcomes in a comparative perspective aiming to shed light on why labour market returns differ across countries. We expect labour market returns to vary with specific country characteristics such as demand for international experience and competition among graduates at labour market entry. In our empirical analyses, we use data from 13 European countries that provide information on graduates’ early labour market outcomes. We find a large variation in the impact of studying abroad on both wages and attaining a higher service class position. Generally, the labour market returns to international experience are larger in countries in Eastern and Southern Europe with poorer university quality, higher graduate unemployment, and fewer students abroad.

scholarly journals How Does Urban Green Space Impact Residents’ Mental Health: A Literature Review of Mediators

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11746
Author(s):  
Kaili Chen ◽  
Tianzheng Zhang ◽  
Fangyuan Liu ◽  
Yingjie Zhang ◽  
Yan Song
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In recent years, the interest in the relationship between urban green space and residents’ mental health has gradually risen. A number of researchers have investigated the causal relationship and possible mediators between the two, although few have summarized these mediators. For this reason, we searched for relevant studies and filtered them by criteria and quality score, and analyzed the mediators and paths of the impact of urban green space on residents’ mental health. The mediators can be divided into environmental factors, outdoor activity, and social cohesion. From the perspective of heterogeneity, both individual characteristics (e.g., age and gender) and group characteristics (e.g., level of urban development and urban density) of residents are considered to be the cause of various mediating effects. Types of urban green space tend to affect residents’ mental health through different paths. Furthermore, this review discusses the details of each part under the influence paths. Finally, the policy implications for urban green space planning from three mediator levels are put forward based on an analysis of the situation in different countries.

scholarly journals Are Caste Categories Misleading? The Relationship Between Gender and Jati in Three Indian States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shareen Joshi ◽  
Nishtha Kochhar ◽  
Vijayendra Rao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Scheduled Castes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Indian society is highly stratified and hierarchical. Caste, class, and gender all contribute to an individual’s status. A large body of literature explores the importance of each of these. This chapter examines the relationship between caste and gender inequality in three states in India. When households are grouped using conventional, government-defined categories of caste, we find patterns that are consistent with existing literature: lower-caste women are more likely to participate in the labour market, have greater decision making autonomy within their households, and experience greater freedom of movement. When households are grouped by the narrower sub-caste categories of jati, where caste is lived and experienced, we find the relationships are far more varied and nuanced. These results suggest that focusing on broad caste categories such as ‘scheduled castes’ and ‘scheduled tribes’ can be misleading for understanding the relationship between caste and gender.

scholarly journals Exploring the relationship between information and communication technology collective behaviors and sense of community: an urban refugee analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Canevez ◽  
Carleen Maitland ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Sydney Andrea Hannah ◽  
Raphael Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Collective Behaviors ◽  
Urban Refugees ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeHelping others use information and communication technologies (ICTs), such as mobile phones, can be beneficial for individuals and communities. In urban refugee communities, displaced and living far from home, collective behaviors with mobile phones can generate a sense of belonging. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential for these offline behaviors to generate a sense of community among urban refugees.Design/methodology/approachUsing quantitative evidence, the authors examined the relationship between collective behaviors, such as sharing or helping with a mobile phone, and sense of community. The authors analyzed survey data collected from urban refugees in Rwanda via multiple regression to test hypotheses related to the impact of collective behaviors on sense of community, as well as the mediating role of ICT self-efficacy and gender.FindingsThe findings suggest that collective behaviors with mobile phones have a positive relationship with sense of community, driven primarily by providing assistance as compared to sharing. ICT self-efficacy was positively related to sense of community. However, collective behaviors' impacts differed by gender, suggesting that social dynamics influence this relationship.Originality/valueWhile the extant literature highlights the various roles of mobile phones in refugees' lives, less is known about the social aspects of use and its potential to help overcome isolation by fostering a sense of community. The authors extend this literature to a novel context (urban refugees in the Global South), testing a model that incorporates other factors that may play a role (e.g. self-efficacy and gender). These findings are valuable to urban refugees, due to difficulties in re-building a sense of community and increased ICT access.

scholarly journals Impact of WIUT Library Activities on Labour Market Outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Abbos Utkirov ◽  
Rauf Salahodjayev
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the impact of the Learning Resource Centre activities of Westminster International University Tashkent (WIUT) graduated students on the labour market outcome. WIUT library provides a learning environment that helps students to create practical teams and individual projects to support the agenda of employability. The study aims to clarify the relationship between library activities and labour market outcomes. This proposes the improvement of a commercial responsiveness workshop, in collaboration with other services, and alumni voices in an employability guide. A quantitative research approach was employed; an online survey questionnaire was distributed to alumni students to obtain the data. It was a semi-structured questionnaire designed using a Likert Scale to collect data from 607 graduates. The study revealed that LRC activities have a significant impact on labour market outcomes for students. LRC activities such as presentation skills, information technology skills, problem-solving skills, research skills were mostly expected in the labour market. Research limitations– The study was focused only on graduates of WIUT, which may limit the generalizability. Therefore, the researcher proposed to study and compare other graduates of universities in Uzbekistan. The insights are valuable for planning the curriculum of LRC activities and developing teaching practices at WIUT. Moreover, current and graduate students can learn market-oriented skills and labour market demands. This is the first-ever study in Uzbekistan that explores the relationship of university library activities on employability skills of alumni.

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