scholarly journals Nonunion Wage Rates and the Threat of Unionization

ILR Review ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrys Farber
Keyword(s):  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Union Wage ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Nonunion Wage ◽  
Predicted Probability ◽  
Demand Changes

Using CPS data for 1977–2002, the author investigates the extent to which the threat of union organization increases nonunion wages and reduces the union/nonunion wage differential. The results are mixed. Estimates employing the predicted probability of union membership as a measure of the union threat show no important link between the union threat and either nonunion wages or the union wage gap. Estimates focusing on two states' introduction of right-to-work laws, which arguably affect the threat of union organization independently of changes in labor demand, show that in one state the law was associated with a statistically significant drop in nonunion wages. Finally, an analysis of wage data for three industries that underwent deregulation—another natural experiment in which labor demand changes are unlikely to have been a complicating factor—yields stronger evidence of threat effects on nonunion wages than do either of the other two analyses.

scholarly journals The Determinants and Welfare Implications of US Workers' Diverging Location Choices by Skill: 1980–2000

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Diamond
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium Model ◽  
The Us ◽  
High Rent ◽  
Demand Changes ◽  
Geographic Sorting

From 1980 to 2000, the rise in the US college/high school graduate wage gap coincided with increased geographic sorting as college graduates concentrated in high wage, high rent cities. This paper estimates a structural spatial equilibrium model to determine causes and welfare consequences of this increased skill sorting. While local labor demand changes fundamentally caused the increased skill sorting, it was further fueled by endogenous increases in amenities within higher skill cities. Changes in cities' wages, rents, and endogenous amenities increased inequality between high school and college graduates by more than suggested by the increase in the college wage gap alone. (JEL D31, I26, J24, J31, J61, R23)

Industry variance in the relative union wage differential

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Paule Donsimoni ◽  
Robert Shakotko
Keyword(s):  
Wage Differential ◽  
Union Wage

scholarly journals The Impact of the Minimum Wage on Male and Female Employment and Earnings in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhiya Menon ◽  
Yana van der Meulen Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
The Impact

This study examines how employment and wages for men and women respond to changes in the minimum wage in India, a country known for its extensive system of minimum wage regulations across states and industries. Using repeated cross sections of India's National Sample Survey Organization employment survey data for the period 1983–2008 merged with a newly created database of minimum wage rates, we find that, regardless of gender, minimum wages in urban areas have little to no impact on labor market outcomes. However, minimum wage rates increase earnings in the rural sector, especially for men, without any employment losses. Minimum wage rates also increase the residual gender wage gap, which may be explained by weaker compliance among firms that hire female workers.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF GENDER WAGE DIFFERENTIAL IN CHINA’S URBAN LABOR MARKET

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (02) ◽  
pp. 423-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALMAS HESHMATI ◽  
BIWEI SU
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Female Wage ◽  
Urban Labor ◽  
Women's Labor Force Participation ◽  
Urban Labor Market

This paper estimates the gender wage gap and its composition in China’s urban labor market. The traditional Blinder–Oaxaca (1973) decomposition method with different weighing systems is employed. To correct for potential selection bias caused by women’s labor force participation, we employ the Heckman’s two-step procedure to estimate the female wage function. A large proportion of the gender wage gap is unexplained by differences of productive characteristics of individuals. Even though women have higher level of education attainments on average, they receive lower wages than men. Both facts suggest a potential discrimination against women in China.

Trade Unions and the Distribution of Paid Overtime

1991 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Miller ◽  
Charles Mulvey
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Union Wage ◽  
Non Union ◽  
General Proposition ◽  
Premium Rates

The suggestion has been made by Mulvey (1986) that trade unions may be able to influence the allocation of work paid at premium rates in favour of their members and that this may partially explain the existence of a union/non-union differential in average hourly earnings in Australia. This paper investigates both the general proposition and its particular application to the union/non-union wage differential. with respect to the distribution of paid overtime. Analysis of the Australian Longi tudinal Survey reveals that, while unions do appear to influence the distribution of overtime in favour of their members, the effect is small and would account for only about one percentage point of the union/non-union wage differential.

The Direction of Wage Spillovers in Manufacturing

ILR Review ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Vroman
Keyword(s):  
Union Wage ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Wage Change ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Nonunion Wage ◽  
Data Period ◽  
The U.S

This study develops a model of wage behavior for both union and nonunion workers in the U.S. manufacturing sector and tests that model with separate union and nonunion wage-change series covering the period 1960 to 1978. The empirical results support the traditional view that union wage behavior influences or spills over into nonunion wage changes but not vice versa. These results are of particular interest because they contrast sharply with an earlier study by Flanagan that reported an opposite spillover effect. Flanagan's results are shown to be quite sensitive to the choice of model specification and data period.

Response Error and the Union Wage Differential

2001 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Bollinger
Keyword(s):  
Wage Differential ◽  
Union Wage ◽  
Response Error

scholarly journals Pay equity after the Equality Act 2010: does sexual orientation still matter?

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Pay Equity ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
Employee Data

Analyses of linked employer–employee data for Britain indicate bisexual men earn 20 per cent less per hour than heterosexual men, ceteris paribus. There is no wage differential between gay and heterosexual men. Among women there is no wage gap between bisexuals and heterosexuals. However, lesbians are paid nearly 30 per cent less than heterosexual women, unless they are employed in a workplace with an equal opportunities policy which explicitly refers to sexual orientation, whereupon there is no wage gap. Workplace sorting by sexual orientation does not affect the size of the sexual orientation wage gaps.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship in Brazil: A Worthy Endeavor?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Igor Serpa Moraes ◽  
Roque Pinto de Camargo Neto ◽  
Vivian S. Queiroz Orellana ◽  
Gabrielito Rauter Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Salaried Workers ◽  
Mincer Equation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Wage Earners

This study analyzes if there are differences between the income of entrepreneurs and wage earners in Brazil. Using data from the 2015 National Household Sample Survey database, we estimate a Mincer equation, correcting for self-selection, which explains the choice of entrepreneurship in the function of earnings related to salaried work. Subsequently, the wage differential per category is decomposed using the Oaxaca-Blinder procedure. To complete the analysis, a detailed decomposition is used to identify the explained and unexplained components of the wage gap. The results indicate that personal, cultural, and demographic characteristics affect the entrepreneurial occupational choice as well the differential in the income of entrepreneurs and employees. On average, entrepreneurs earn approximately 19.68% more than salaried workers.

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