Trade, Labour Markets and Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney McNamara ◽  
Ronald Labonté
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Investment Agreements ◽  
Trade And Investment

Previous analyses indicate that there are a number of potentially serious health risks associated with the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). The objective of this work is to provide further insight into the potential health impacts of the TPP by investigating labour market pathways. The impact of the TPP on employment and working conditions is a major point of contention in broader public debates. In public health literature, these factors are considered fundamental determinants of health, yet they are rarely addressed in analyses of trade and investment agreements. We therefore undertake a prospective policy analysis of the TPP through a content analysis of the agreement’s Labour Chapter. Provisions of the Chapter are analyzed with reference to the health policy triangle and four main areas through which labour markets influence health: power relations, social policies, employment conditions and working conditions. Findings indicate that implementation of the TPP can have important impacts on health through labour market pathways. While the Labour Chapter is being presented by proponents of the agreement as a vehicle for improvement in labour standards, we find little evidence to support this view. Instead, we find several ways the TPP may weaken employment relations to the detriment of health.

Local Labour Markets and Individual Transitions into and out of Poverty: Evidence from the British Household Panel Study Waves 1 to 8

10.1068/a3552 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew McCulloch
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Market Variables ◽  
The Impact

Using data from the British Household Panel Study 1991 to 1998 and the Annual Employment Survey this paper examines the impact of changes in local-labour market conditions on individual poverty exits and entrances. Transitions out of poverty and transitions into poverty are estimated by using discrete duration models that control for individual and family-level characteristics, duration effects, and local labour-market variables. After controlling for individual and family-level characteristics, probabilities of exiting poverty were found to be higher and probabilities of entering poverty were found to be lower for those individuals living in labour markets which experienced increases in the proportion of the population in employment. The relative contribution of labour market variables is substantially smaller than individual and family characteristics in determining transitions out of and into poverty. Whether changes in employment in the local labour-market were biased towards manufacturing or services did not have a systematic influence on poverty exits and entrances. The link between employment conditions in the local labour market and poverty suggests that the poor did share in the gains from economic growth in the 1990s. This finding gives support to the idea that expansionary demand policies at the local level could help to mitigate the economic position of the economically disadvantaged.

The Role of Migration in the Formation of Regional Labour Markets Amidst the Second Wave of Depopulation in Modern Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
A. V. Topilin ◽  
A. S. Maksimova
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Sample Surveys ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Permanent Migration ◽  
Regional Labour Markets ◽  
The Impact

The article reflects the results of a study of the impact of migration on regional labour markets amidst a decline in the working-age population in Russia. After substantiating the relevance of the issues under consideration, the authors propose a methodological analysis toolkit, the author’s own methodology for calculating the coefficients of permanent long-term external and internal labour migration in regional labour markets, and the coefficient of total migration burden. In addition, the authors provide an overview of the information and statistical base of the study. According to current migration records, data of Rosstat sample surveys on Russian labour migrants leaving for employment in other regions, regional labour resources balance sheets based on the calculated coefficients of labour market pressures, the authors analyzed the impact of migration on the Russian regional labour markets over the past decade. It revealed an increasing role of internal labour migration in many regions, primarily in the largest economic agglomerations and oil and gas territories. At the same time, the role of external labour migration remains stable and minimum indicators of the contribution of permanent migration to the formation of regional labour markets continue to decrease. It has been established that irrational counter flows of external and internal labour migration have developed, which indicates not only an imbalance in labour demand and supply but also a discrepancy between the qualitative composition of migrants and the needs of the economy. It is concluded that the state does not effectively regulate certain types of migration, considering its impact on the labour market. The authors justified the need for conducting regular household sample surveys according to specific programs to collect information about labour migrants and the conditions for using their labour. In addition to the current migration records, using interregional analysis, this information allows making more informed decisions at the federal and regional levels to correct the negative situation that has developed in the regional labour markets even before the coronavirus pandemic had struck.

Digital collaborative platforms: A challenge for both the legislator and the social partners in the Nordic model

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Westregård
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Security Regulations

This paper focuses on the specific problems in the labour and social security legislation as it relates to crowdworkers in the digitalised new economy, analysing their place in labour market, and especially in the collective agreements which are the standard means of regulating working conditions in the Nordic model. Sweden has a binary system where a performing party is as either an employee or self-employed. The law on working and employment conditions offers only limited protection to those on short, fixed-term contracts; instead, it is social partners that have improved crowdworkers’ conditions in some industries by using collective bargaining. However, there are no collective agreements in the digital economy, or indeed for platform entrepreneurs. The complications of the parties’ positions will be analysed, especially as platforms do not consider themselves to be employers, but rather coordinators of the self-employed. It is not only labour law regulations that are important to prevent precariat among crowdworkers. It is also very important that the social security regulations adapt to the new labour market as the social security legislation is an important part of the Nordic model.

scholarly journals Problematising the interplay between employment relations, migration and mobility

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny K. Rodriguez ◽  
Lesley Mearns
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work And Employment

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce the special issue by problematising labour agency, precariousness, and labour fragmentation as defining themes of the interplay between employment relations, migration and mobility.Design/methodology/approachDrawing from discussions about the impact of globalisation on changes in features of work and employment, and bringing together theory and research on employment relations and labour migration, the paper discusses the relational spatial and temporal nature of agency, the diverse features of worker experiences of precariousness, and the resulting fragmentation in labour solidarity.FindingsLabour agency, precariousness and labour fragmentation intersect to create the axis of dynamics of hardship and abuse that dominate work experiences of migrant workers in the global labour market. Globalisation has a pervasive impact in articulating and perpetuating systemic processes of closure, entrapment and containment, which are triggered by migration and legitimised by dynamics of employment relations.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to current discussions about the interplay between migration, mobility and employment relations and sets out future directions of research to enhance our understanding of the role of employment relations to perpetuate, legitimise and normalise dynamics of globalisation that promote the migrant division of labour and create contradictory labour demands and displacements in the global labour market.

scholarly journals All precarious? Institutional change and turning points in labour market trajectories in Spain

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martí López Andreu
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Career Paths ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work And Employment

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of changes in employment regulation in Spain on individual labour market trajectories. It is well known that the Spanish labour market has been strongly hit by the 2007 recession. Furthermore, after 2010 and in the benchmark of “austerity”, several reforms were implemented to further flexibilise employment regulation. At the same time, public sector budgets suffered severe cutbacks, that impacted working conditions and prospects of public sector workers. These reforms were implemented by different governments and substantially changed previous existing patterns of employment. This paper explains how these reforms have reinforced previous existing trends towards greater flexibility and weaker employment protection and how they lead to a shift in the position of work in society. Design/methodology/approach The emerging patterns that these changes provoked are illustrated thorough data from narrative biographies of workers affected by a job loss or a downgrading of working conditions. The workers of the sample had relatively stable positions and careers and were affected by changes that substantially modified their paths. Findings The paper shows how reforms have expanded work and employment insecurities and have broken career paths. It demonstrates how the reforms have weakened the position of work and organised labour in society and how, when institutional supports are jeopardised, the capacity to plan and act is harassed by the traditional social inequalities. Originality/value The paper enhances the knowledge about the impact of institutional changes by analysing their effects in individual working lives by means of narrative biographies.

scholarly journals The impact of Special Economic Zones on local labour markets in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam A. Ambroziak ◽  
Wojciech Dziemianowicz
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The Impact

AbstractStudies conducted so far suggest that SEZs are not treated by local authorities as the main mechanism of job creation in a given region. The objective of this paper is to highlight potential mechanisms through which SEZs impact labour markets in poviats (counties) in Poland. To this end we conducted a comparative analysis of changes that had taken place in the labour market over the period 2004–2016 in two groups of poviats with the highest unemployment rate reported in 2004: with and without SEZs. The study does not allow us to unambiguously conclude that SEZs contributed to the improvement of labour market situation in poviats with the highest unemployment rate in Poland. That can be attributed to the fact that SEZs in Poland are highly fragmented as well as to SEZs investors being able to select locations for their investment projects in relatively better developed regions.

scholarly journals Regulation, Institutions, and Productivity: New Macroeconomic Evidence from OECD Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Égert
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Product Market ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Innovation Intensity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade And Investment

This paper seeks to understand the drivers of country-level multi-factor productivity (MFP) with a special emphasis on product and labour market policies and the quality of institutions. For a panel of OECD countries, we find that anticompetitive product market regulations reduce MFP levels and that higher innovation intensity and greater openness result in higher MFP. We also find that the impact of product market regulations on MFP may depend on the level of labour market regulations. Better institutions, a more business friendly environment and lower barriers to trade and investment amplify the positive impact of R&D spending on MFP. Finally, we also show that cross-country MFP variations can be explained to a considerable extent by cross-country variation in labour market regulations, barriers to trade and investment and institutions.

THE IMPACT OF TRADE AND INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS ON AUSTRALIA'S INWARD FDI FLOWS

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMON CROTTI ◽  
TONY CAVOLI ◽  
JOHN K. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
The Impact ◽  
Investment Agreements ◽  
Trade And Investment

scholarly journals Transnational Cigar-Makers: Cross-Border Labour Markets, Strikes, and Solidarity at the Time of the First International (1864–1873)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ad Knotter
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
International Solidarity ◽  
Cigar Makers ◽  
Migratory Movements

AbstractSeveral authors have argued that one of the main goals of the International Working Men's Association was to control transnational labour markets. In the eyes of trade unionists, especially in Britain, uncontrolled cross-border migratory movements threatened to undermine wage standards and working conditions. Their solution was to organize internationally, both to prevent strike-breaking and wage-cutting by workers from abroad, and to support unions elsewhere to raise wage standards in their home countries. Cigar-makers operated on a cross-border labour market and were very prominent in the First International. In this article I describe the connections between the German, British, Dutch, Belgian, and American cigar-makers as migratory workers, and their actions to stimulate, support, and coordinate trade unions internationally. I argue that the international cooperation of cigar-makers was primarily motivated by a wish to regulate their cross-border labour market, not so much by an abstract ideal of international solidarity.

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