When the Majority Becomes the Minority: A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Immersive Experience With Racial Out-Group Members on Implicit and Explicit Racial Biases

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao K. Qian ◽  
Gail D. Heyman ◽  
Paul C. Quinn ◽  
Genyue Fu ◽  
Kang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Racial Biases ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Age-related differences in implicit and explicit racial biases in Cameroonians.

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-396
Author(s):  
Miao Qian ◽  
Gail D. Heyman ◽  
Paul C. Quinn ◽  
Francoise A. Messi ◽  
Genyue Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Related ◽  
Racial Biases ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

scholarly journals A General Framework for Implicit and Explicit Debiasing of Distributional Word Vector Spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 8131-8138
Author(s):  
Anne Lauscher ◽  
Goran Glavaš ◽  
Simone Paolo Ponzetto ◽  
Ivan Vulić
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Vector Spaces ◽  
Racial Biases ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cross Lingual ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Embedding Methods

Distributional word vectors have recently been shown to encode many of the human biases, most notably gender and racial biases, and models for attenuating such biases have consequently been proposed. However, existing models and studies (1) operate on under-specified and mutually differing bias definitions, (2) are tailored for a particular bias (e.g., gender bias) and (3) have been evaluated inconsistently and non-rigorously. In this work, we introduce a general framework for debiasing word embeddings. We operationalize the definition of a bias by discerning two types of bias specification: explicit and implicit. We then propose three debiasing models that operate on explicit or implicit bias specifications and that can be composed towards more robust debiasing. Finally, we devise a full-fledged evaluation framework in which we couple existing bias metrics with newly proposed ones. Experimental findings across three embedding methods suggest that the proposed debiasing models are robust and widely applicable: they often completely remove the bias both implicitly and explicitly without degradation of semantic information encoded in any of the input distributional spaces. Moreover, we successfully transfer debiasing models, by means of cross-lingual embedding spaces, and remove or attenuate biases in distributional word vector spaces of languages that lack readily available bias specifications.

Exploring Implicit and Explicit Racial Bias in OT Professionals

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512500020p1-7512500020p1
Author(s):  
Alaa Abou-Arab ◽  
Rochelle Mendonca
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
The United States ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Racial Biases ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Primary Author

Abstract Date Presented 04/13/21 Racial bias is defined as the negative evaluation of a group and its members relative to another and can exist on explicit and implicit levels. This is an exploratory study to examine the presence of implicit and explicit racial bias among OT professionals across the United States. The results (N = 201) highlight the presence of implicit and explicit racial biases among OT professionals in the United States and the need for further education on racial bias. Primary Author and Speaker: Alaa Abou-Arab Additional Authors and Speakers: Alee Leteria, Kristina Zanayed, and Susanne Higgins

A Longitudinal Study of Implicit and Explicit Memory in Old Persons.

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra A. Fleischman ◽  
Robert S. Wilson ◽  
John D. E. Gabrieli ◽  
Julia L. Bienias ◽  
David A. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Memory ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

scholarly journals Facing One’s Implicit Biases: From Awareness to Acknowledgment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Hahn ◽  
Bertram Gawronski
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Affective Reactions ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
Explicit Bias ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Expanding on conflicting theoretical conceptualizations of implicit bias, six studies tested the effectiveness of different procedures to increase acknowledgment of harboring biases against minorities. Participants who predicted their responses towards pictures of various minority groups on future IATs showed increased alignment between implicit and explicit preferences (Studies 1-3), greater levels of explicit bias (Studies 1-3), and increased self-reported acknowledgment of being racially biased (Studies 4-6). In all studies, effects of IAT score prediction on acknowledgment were significant even when participants did not actually complete IATs. Effects of predicting IAT scores were moderated by non-prejudicial goals, in that IAT score prediction increased acknowledgment of bias for participants with strong non-prejudicial goals, but not for participants with weak non-prejudicial goals (Study 4). Mere completion of IATs and feedback on IAT performance had inconsistent effects across studies and criterion measures. Instructions to attend to one’s spontaneous affective reactions toward minority group members increased acknowledgment of bias to the same extent as IAT score prediction (Study 6). The findings are consistent with conceptualizations suggesting that (1) implicit evaluations are consciously experienced as spontaneous affective reactions and (2) directing people’s attention to their spontaneous affective reactions can increase acknowledgment of bias. Implications for theoretical conceptualizations of implicit bias and interventions that aim to reduce discrimination via increased acknowledgment of bias are discussed.

scholarly journals Teams in Transition: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study of Reflection, Implicit and Explicit Coordination and Performance Improvements

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udo Konradt ◽  
Michaéla C. Schippers ◽  
Sabrina Krys ◽  
Ashley Fulmer
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Term Change ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Over Time

Research has shown that team reflection is a critical transition process for coordination processes and team performance, but our understanding of its dynamics and relationship to action processes and performance is incomplete. The goal of the present study was to examine the long-term change in reflection in teams over time and explore whether these changes are related to implicit and explicit coordination processes and performance improvement. Drawing on the recurring phase model of team processes and team reflexivity theory, we hypothesized that team reflection is at least stable or increases over time for dissimilar tasks, that reflection trajectories are positively associated with implicit and negatively associated with explicit coordination in the later phases, and that implicit coordination mediates the relationship between team reflection and performance improvement. This model was tested in a three-wave longitudinal study (N = 175 teams) over a 2-months period. Results from growth curve modeling and structural equation modeling provided support for our hypotheses.

scholarly journals Participant Recruitment Challenges in Researching Peer Groups and Migration Retrospectively

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-69
Author(s):  
Paula Pustułka ◽  
Natalia Juchniewicz ◽  
Izabela Grabowska
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Participant Recruitment ◽  
Know How ◽  
Recruitment Challenges ◽  
Group Members ◽  
And Migration

This paper discusses the challenges of researching peer groups through a multi-focal, temporal lens in a retrospective manner. Embedded in a broader “Peer Groups & Migration” Qualitative Longitudinal Study (QLS), the article focuses on recruiting young respondents (aged 19-34 at present) who originally come from one of the three medium-sized towns in Polish localities and are either migrants or stayers connected to mobile individuals. The respondents are tracked retrospectively and asked to discuss their adolescence, as well encouraged to provide contacts to their youth Peer Group members. Based on fieldwork experiences and field access challenges, four models of recruiting migrants’ high school peer groups are presented. Furthermore, variants and rationales of non-recruitment are also provided. Focusing on the process of establishing a long-term and large-scale peer panel in the QLS, the paper contributes detailed know-how and strategies around participant recruitment.

Differentiating Between Us & Them: Reduced In-Group Bias as a Novel Mechanism Linking Childhood Violence Exposure with Internalizing Psychopathology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven William Kasparek ◽  
Maya L. Rosen ◽  
Lucy A. Lurie ◽  
Mina Cikara ◽  
Kelly Sambrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Information Processing ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Group Assignment ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Childhood Violence Exposure ◽  
Childhood Violence ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Strong in-group bonds may promote mental health across development. Violence exposure influences social information processing biases and may also relate to social categorization processes. We examined associations of violence exposure with psychopathology and behavioral and neural indices of implicit and explicit in-group bias after minimal group assignment in children followed longitudinally across three time points from ages 5 to 10 years old (n = 101). In a pre-registered analysis, violence exposure was associated with lower implicit in-group bias, which in turn was associated prospectively with higher internalizing symptoms and mediated the longitudinal association between violence exposure and internalizing symptoms. Violence-exposed children did not exhibit the negative functional coupling between the left vmPFC and left amygdala when classifying in-group vs. out-group members that was observed in children without violence exposure. Reduced implicit bias for one’s in-group may represent a novel mechanism linking violence exposure with the development of internalizing symptoms.

Do Implicit and Explicit Racial Biases Influence Autism Identification and Stigma? An Implicit Association Test Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Obeid ◽  
Jennifer Bailey Bisson ◽  
Alexandra Cosenza ◽  
Ashley J. Harrison ◽  
Faith James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Racial Biases ◽  
Implicit And Explicit
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