scholarly journals Participant Recruitment Challenges in Researching Peer Groups and Migration Retrospectively

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-69
Author(s):  
Paula Pustułka ◽  
Natalia Juchniewicz ◽  
Izabela Grabowska
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Participant Recruitment ◽  
Know How ◽  
Recruitment Challenges ◽  
Group Members ◽  
And Migration

This paper discusses the challenges of researching peer groups through a multi-focal, temporal lens in a retrospective manner. Embedded in a broader “Peer Groups & Migration” Qualitative Longitudinal Study (QLS), the article focuses on recruiting young respondents (aged 19-34 at present) who originally come from one of the three medium-sized towns in Polish localities and are either migrants or stayers connected to mobile individuals. The respondents are tracked retrospectively and asked to discuss their adolescence, as well encouraged to provide contacts to their youth Peer Group members. Based on fieldwork experiences and field access challenges, four models of recruiting migrants’ high school peer groups are presented. Furthermore, variants and rationales of non-recruitment are also provided. Focusing on the process of establishing a long-term and large-scale peer panel in the QLS, the paper contributes detailed know-how and strategies around participant recruitment.

scholarly journals Leveraging the Power of Peer Groups for Refugee Integration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Förster ◽  
Julia Klier ◽  
Mathias Klier ◽  
Katharina Schäfer-Siebert ◽  
Irina Sigler
Keyword(s):  
Peer Group ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
Refugee Integration ◽  
Randomized Field Experiment ◽  
Safety And Stability

AbstractRefugee integration, one long-term solution to the large number of people fleeing their home countries, constitutes a challenge for both refugees and host societies. ICT and especially online peer groups seem promising to support this process. Building on literature demonstrating the societal benefits of peer groups, this paper proposes a novel peer-group-based approach to address refugee integration and introduces both an online and offline realization. A randomized field experiment in cooperation with public (refugee) services and a non-governmental organization makes it possible to expand existing research by quantitatively demonstrating societal benefits of online peer groups and ICT for refugee integration. Further, this paper is the first to assess the effectiveness of online and offline peer groups in one experimental setup comparatively. Results show that peer groups provide substantial value with respect to the integration domains social bridges, social bonds, rights and citizenship as well as safety and stability. While the outcome of the various integration domains differs for online and offline peer groups, participants’ adoption rates were higher for online peer groups.

Raspail, racism, and migration: Implications for radicalization in a polarizing world

2020 ◽  
pp. 136346152093092
Author(s):  
G. E. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Know How ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
The Eu

Jean Raspail’s controversial 1973 novel The camp of the saints predicts mass migration to Europe that will destroy European civilization. Decades later, the book has accurately predicted the hundreds of thousands of refugees arriving in Europe annually, prompting a continent-wide crisis. From Lesbos and Lampedusa to the Canary Islands and Calais, no one seems to know how to stem the flow of humanity. Borders are being resurrected, despite Schengen and European Union (EU) agreements, in an effort to control the movement of populations. European governments disagree on how to proceed and some are suggesting that the EU could be torn apart by differing approaches to the problem. But does this have to be the response to the migration crisis? This paper compares the predictions of The camp of the saints to events in Europe today and critiques the book’s conclusions with regard to what is an ancient phenomenon: movements of migrants from surplus to deficit labor settings. The paper will also evaluate the response to migrants in the United States under its populist president, Donald Trump, and will review related issues in other parts of the world: Turkey, Russia, and Canada. Contrary to Raspail’s predictions, world leaders will need to accept what has already become a de facto reality: large scale admission of migrants and refugees to the EU and North America, as full citizens, will be the only realistic way to preserve prosperity in the years to come.

scholarly journals Conflicting Perspectives on the “Migrant Crisis” in the Horn of Africa

2018 ◽  
pp. 228-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Population Displacement ◽  
Nation States ◽  
And Migration

In sharp contrast to the sense of a “migrant crisis” which prevails in Europe, nation states in the Horn of Africa understand migration, including state-induced population displacement, as unexceptional. The chapter addresses this apparent paradox by contrasting European policy discourse on migration with the long-term political and structural processes in northeastern Africa that cause population displacement and migration. The chapter then examines the migration policies of governments in the Horn and concludes by arguing that the European Union misrepresents and misunderstands the factors responsible for large-scale migration and the role of states in exploiting migrants. For these reasons it is highly unlikely that the EU-Horn of Africa Action Plan/Khartoum process will bring about better border management policies and practices.

scholarly journals 522 - Role of Physical Environment on Quality of Life among Older Adults with Dementia in Long-Term Care Facilities in Canada and Sweden: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 70-70
Author(s):  
Sook Young Lee ◽  
Lillian Hung ◽  
Habib Chaudhury
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Term Care

Reduction in competence makes older adults with dementia more sensitive to the influence of the physical environment. The aim of the longitudinal study was to examine whether residents with dementia in long-term facilities with variability in physical environmental characteristics in Vancouver (N=11), Canada and Stockholm (N=13), Sweden had a difference in their quality of life (QoL). QoL was assessed using Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) tool three times over one year for the reliability of data. DCM is a technique and observational framework devised to systematically investigate QoL from the perspective of the older adults with dementia. The results of the study demonstrated that the residents with dementia living in a homelike and positive stimulating setting showed a higher level of potential positive engagement, and less agitated and withdrawn behaviors compared to those in the large-scale institutional setting. Residents living in a large-scale institutional setting in Canada showed so far as five times more agitated/distressed behaviors and twice more withdrawal compared to the ones living in a small-scale homelike setting in Sweden. The study supports that the large-scale institutional environment was considerably associated with levels of lower quality of life among the residents with dementia.

The Role of Peer Groups in Male and Female Adolescents' Task Values and Physical Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Yli-Piipari ◽  
Timo Jaakkola ◽  
Jarmo Liukkonen ◽  
Noona Kiuru ◽  
Anthony Watt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Spring Semester ◽  
Task Values ◽  
Group Members ◽  
One Year

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the role of peer groups and sex in adolescents' task values and physical activity. The participants were 330 Finnish Grade 6 students (173 girls, 157 boys), who responded to questionnaires that assessed physical education task values during the spring semester (Time 1). Students' physical activity was assessed one year later (Time 2). The results indicated that adolescent peer groups were moderately homogeneous in terms of task values toward physical education and physical activity. Girls' peer groups were more homogeneous than those of boys in regards to utility and attainment values. Furthermore, the results for both girls and boys showed that particularly intrinsic task value typical for the peer group predicted group members' physical activity. The findings highlight the important role of peer group membership as a determinant of future physical activity.

Social networks and aggressive behaviour in Chinese children

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyuan Xu ◽  
Jo Ann M. Farver ◽  
David Schwartz ◽  
Lei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Group Affiliation ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Peer Preference ◽  
Aggressive Children

This exploratory study investigated Mainland Chinese children’s social networks and peer group affiliations with a particular emphasis on their aggressive behaviour. The participants were 294 elementary school students in Tianjin, P. R. China (mean age 11.5 years; 161 boys). Social network analysis identified relatively large and gender-specific peer groups. Although different measures were used, the pattern of homophily characteristic of Western aggressive children was partially supported. This finding may be due to the large size of the peer groups. The results showed that some aggressive children formed friendships with nonaggressive children. Moreover, for the aggressive children who were group members, the number of within-group friendships moderated the relation between aggression and overall peer preference. In addition, despite the moderating effect of within-group friendship, the relation between aggression and peer preference remained significantly negative even at the highest levels of friendship. Aggressive children who were isolated from all peer groups had higher hyperactivity ratings and were less liked by peers than were aggressive children who were group members. These findings illustrate how culture may be an influence on patterns of peer group affiliation.

scholarly journals Ohio's Large Scale Experiment on Integrated Care: Results and Implications for Long-Term Services Reform

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 454-454
Author(s):  
Matt Nelson ◽  
Robert Applebaum ◽  
John Bowblis
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Dual Eligible ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Services And Supports

Abstract Implemented through five health plans, Ohio’s MyCare demonstration began in 2014 and was designed to coordinate primary, acute care, behavioral health and long-term services in the major urban areas of the state. Individuals who are dually eligible for both Medicaid and Medicare and who reside in specified geographic regions must enroll into a managed MyCare plan. MyCare beneficiaries are assigned to two primary categories: community well and those needing long-term services and supports (LTSS). Individuals receiving the integrated MyCare intervention were expected to have lower acute care hospitalizations, lower long-term nursing home use, better longevity and lower overall health and long-term care costs. Using a propensity score matching design, the evaluation compared MyCare enrollees to comparison group members in non-MyCare counties of the state, using Medicaid and Medicare claims data. The 120,000 MyCare program participants represented about half of the dual eligible individuals in the state.

scholarly journals Expectations for cross-ethnic inclusion by Asian American children and adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-683
Author(s):  
Aline Hitti ◽  
Laura Elenbaas ◽  
Jee Young Noh ◽  
Michael T. Rizzo ◽  
Shelby Cooley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Group Members ◽  
American Children ◽  
Prejudicial Attitudes ◽  
Peer Contexts

Asian American youth’s inclusion decisions were investigated in cross-ethnic peer contexts (Asian and non-Asian). Ten-, 13-, and 16-year-old participants ( N = 134), enrolled in U.S. schools, decided whether to include a same-ethnic peer with different interests or a different-ethnic peer with similar interests. Findings showed that with age, participants more frequently included a peer who shared interests even when this peer was not of the same ethnicity. Participants expected their peer groups to be equally inclusive of others of both ethnic backgrounds, and expected that in-group parents would be less inclusive of cross-ethnic peers. In addition, adolescents expected parents to have prejudicial attitudes about ethnic out-group members. Views about peer group and in-group parents’ inclusivity diverged from adolescents’ own inclusivity. These findings point to areas for intervention regarding the promotion of cross-group friendships and the reduction of prejudice.

scholarly journals Studying Long-Term Large-Scale Change: Concluding Reflections on the Relevant Unit of Analysis

2009 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Timothy Patrick Moran
Keyword(s):  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Know How ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Large Scale Change ◽  
World Systems Analysis ◽  
Ontological Relationship

When I first received the papers as discussant for the ASA panel, Methodology for World-Systems Analysis (the papers that would come to constitute this journal’s special issue), I didn’t quite know how to proceed. In large part, the papers used innovative methodology to answer interesting substantive questions, so quality was not a question. The author’s were rigorous in how this methodology was applied, and creative in searching for and manipulating worldwide data, so no need to comment there. The problem was semantic. Not in the “petty dispute over word choice” sense of semantic, but in the ontological relationship between distinctive concepts and their intended (in this case theoretical) meaning.

scholarly journals Automatic Compensation of the Positional Error Utilizing Localization Method in Pipe

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Positional Error ◽  
Pipe Inspection ◽  
Automatic Compensation ◽  
Localization Method ◽  
Know How ◽  
Inspection Robot ◽  
Background Maintenance

Since 1965, a numerous number of cities implementing sewerage systems have increased rapidly throughout Japan, and sewerage development is considered to be becoming more widespread in various regions. However, with the increase of management facilities, the aging of facilities for long-term use is becoming more and more apparent. The standard expected durability of these pipes is approximately 50 years, but there is a tendency and a risk that the number of collapsed roads will increase rapidly 30 years after the pipes are laid. Against this background, maintenance of drainage and sewage pipes is critical and must be carried out continuously. Therefore, in recent years, investigation using robots have been actively conducted in order to reduce manual workload of the workers. However, these robots have a large-scale system as a whole, and as a result, they are poorly maintainable and expensive. Therefore, in this research, I have developed an autonomous and portable pipe inspection robot through the know-how on rescue robots which I have studied so far. However, for inspections using a pipe inspection robot, there is always the risk that the robot itself will tip over due to steps or small gaps at the joints of the pipes or slips caused by sludge. Therefore, to prevent tumbles and rollovers of the robot, I propose a localization method only by straight-driving control without relying on hardware. In addition, taking possible slips inside pipes into account, this method utilizes only acceleration sensor. In this study, localization method using only accelerometer mounted on the robot, which focuses on the relation between the pipe and the contact point of the tires, was shown as well as presenting a method using numerical analysis to derive the estimated values. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the estimation was stable as a result of an estimation experiment using autonomous small pipe inspection robot with and without a gradient (approx. 4/100) of a pipe, with a diameter of 189mm.

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