Posttraumatic Growth Impacts Views of Others’ Trauma: The Roles of Shared Experience and Gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 002216782096192
Author(s):  
Alex C. Orille ◽  
Velinka Marton ◽  
Kanako Taku
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Shared Experience ◽  
Growth Types ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Car Accident ◽  
The Relationship

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) may foster skills that allow one to understand traumatic experiences in others. The primary aim of this study is to determine the relationship between an individual’s PTG reports and their ability to relate to two growth types, PTG and illusory growth. The purpose of this study is to elucidate perceptions of illusory growth and PTG so clinicians may more readily identify catalysts for growth and customize treatments. Participants were read two vignettes that detailed the experience of PTG and illusory growth as a result of a specific traumatic event (i.e., car accident). They completed a questionnaire regarding their perceptions of the vignettes. Results revealed that participants with higher PTG were more likely to relate to the PTG vignette than the illusory growth vignette, and when participants had experienced the same event in the vignette (i.e., car accident), this relationship was stronger. Last, participants mostly perceived the PTG vignette as female, and the illusory growth vignette as male. Our results suggest that interventions following traumatic experiences could be best facilitated/supplemented by reflective interactions with others who have experienced similar events. Considering one’s gender may be important in order to ensure that gender stereotypes regarding emotional expression are mitigated.

scholarly journals Intersecting race and gender stereotypes: Implications for group-level attitudes

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1172-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis E. Phills ◽  
Amanda Williams ◽  
Jennifer M. Wolff ◽  
Ashley Smith ◽  
Rachel Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
South Asians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Minority Men ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Two studies examined the relationship between explicit stereotyping and prejudice by investigating how stereotyping of minority men and women may be differentially related to prejudice. Based on research and theory related to the intersectional invisibility hypothesis (Purdie-Vaughns & Eibach, 2008), we hypothesized that stereotyping of minority men would be more strongly related to prejudice than stereotyping of minority women. Supporting our hypothesis, in both the United Kingdom (Study 1) and the United States (Study 2), when stereotyping of Black men and women were entered into the same regression model, only stereotyping of Black men predicted prejudice. Results were inconsistent in regard to South Asians and East Asians. Results are discussed in terms of the intersectional invisibility hypothesis (Purdie-Vaughns & Eibach, 2008) and the gendered nature of the relationship between stereotyping and attitudes.

scholarly journals Investigation of Factors Associated with Psychological Symptoms and Posttraumatic Growth in Women with Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Symptom ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Core Belief ◽  
The Relationship

Breast cancer is a traumatic experience. Those diagnosed with breast cancer often experience psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and stress. However, traumatic experiences do not only cause psychological symptoms, but also can lead to positive changes named as posttraumatic growth (PTG). In the present study, it was aimed to examine both the psychological symptom (depression, anxiety, stress) and PTG levels of women with breast cancer and the relationship of these variables with core beliefs challenge and rumination types. Sociodemographic and Cancer-Related Information Form, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Core Beliefs Inventory, and Event-Related Rumination Inventory were applied to 201 women with breast cancer diagnosis (Mage = 47.81, SD = 8.58), mediation relations of variables were examined with Process Macro. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the psychological symptom levels of the majority of the participants were low and their PTG levels were above medium. It was determined that core beliefs challenge positively predicted depression, anxiety, stress, and PTG. Intrusive rumination mediated the relationship between core beliefs challenge and depression, anxiety and stress; deliberate rumination mediated the relationship between core beliefs challenge and PTG. In other words, as the core belief challenge of the participants increase, both psychological symptom and PTG levels increase. In addition, those who use intrusive rumination experience more psychological symptom, and those who use deliberate rumination experience more PTG. The present study reveals the importance of cognitive processes in understanding the psychological symptoms and PTG in women with breast cancer. Keywords: Breast cancer, psychological symptom, posttraumatic growth, core belief challenge, event-related rumination

scholarly journals SUBJEKTYVAUS TRAUMINIO PATYRIMO IR POTRAUMINIO AUGIMO BEI POTRAUMINIO STRESO SUTRIKIMO SĄSAJOS

Psichologija ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Evaldas Kazlauskas ◽  
Irma Šimėnaitė ◽  
Danutė Gailienė
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale

Potrauminis augimas yra teigiami psichologiniai padariniai po traumos, kurie pasireiškia savęs suvokimo, požiūrio į pasaulį ir tarpasmeninių santykių pokyčiais (Tedeschi and Calhoun, 1996). Pozityvūs procesai po traumos dar tik pradedami tyrinėti, todėl nėra žinoma, kokios yra potrauminio augimo (PTA), trauminio įvykio intensyvumo ir potrauminio streso sutrikimo (PTSS) sąsajos. Siekiant įvertinti ryšius tarp trauminės patirties ir PTSS bei PTA, buvo ištirti 104 studentiško amžiaus jaunuoliai, per savo gyvenimą patyrę bent vieną trauminį įvykį. Tako analizės modelis parodė, kad subjektyvus trauminės patirties intensyvumasyra veiksnys, reikšmingai prognozuojantis tiek PTSS, tiek PTA. Kuo reakcija į trauminį įvykį yra stipresnė, tuo labiau išreikšti PTSS ir PTA požymiai. Nustatytas nestiprus teigiamas ryšys tarp PTSS ir PTA parodė, kad, norėdami geriau suprasti, kaip jaučiasi asmenys po traumos, turime atsižvelgti ir į teigiamus (PTA), ir į neigiamus (PTSS) traumos padarinius. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: trauma, potrauminis stresas, potrauminis augimas.RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAUMA EXPOSURE, POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AND POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDEREvaldas Kazlauskas, Irma Šimėnaitė, Danutė Gailienė SummaryObjectives: The notion that traumatic experiences may have an impact on human mind is very old. Recent developments in psychotraumatology shifted the approach to a trauma from a purely negative to a more positive perspective. Research confirmed that traumatic events may lead not only to posttraumatic stress or other disorders, but also to positive changes. The present research was based on the concept of Posttraumatic Growth developed by Calhoun and Tedeschi (1996), which is widely known in the field of traumatic stress. Although the number of Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) research is growing rapidly, little is known about Posttraumatic Growth predictors. The present research was designed to find out the links between Posttraumatic Growth, Posttraumatic Stress and initial reactions to the traumatic event. We set up two goals of the study: 1) evaluation of how initial traumatic reactions predict PTG, and 2) assessment of links between PTG and PTSD.Methods: A group of 104 university students exposed to at least one life-time traumatic event participated in the study. The average time gap between exposure to a traumatic event and the time of research was 43 months. The intensity of initial reactions to a traumatic event was measured using a 10-item selfrating inventory developed by the authors of the present study. The Subjective Traumatic Experience (STE) inventory consisted of items covering cognitive, emotional and physiological reactions to a traumatic event. Posttraumatic Growth was measured using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PGI) developed by Tedeschi and Calhoun (1996). Previous research showed satisfactory psychometric properties of the Lithuanian version of PGI (Gailienë & Kazlauskas, 2005). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder was measured using the Lithuanian version of Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R). A recent validation of the IES-R on Lithuanian population showed its good psychometric properties (Kazlauskas et al., 2006).

scholarly journals Mining for Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) in Sexual Minority Women Who Survive Intimate Partner Violence: A Conceptual Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Counselman-Carpenter ◽  
Alex Redcay
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Minority Women ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Sexual Minority Women ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This theoretical paper explores the need to use posttraumatic growth (PTG) as a framework when studying sexual minority women (SMW) who are survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) to examine the relationship between risk factors such as stress, anxiety and alcohol use and to understand the role of protective factors through mining for the presence of posttraumatic growth (PTG). Despite a call for continued research in this highly vulnerable population, representative studies of SMW and PTG remain extremely limited. Research that examines the relationship between IPV, behavioral health issues, and posttraumatic growth would provide the opportunity to develop tailored intervention models and opportunities for program development to decrease isolation and increase factors of posttraumatic growth. In particular, the impact of how interpersonal relationships as potential mediators and/or outcomes of posttraumatic growth (PTG) needs to be explored more thoroughly. PTG is a valuable framework for vulnerable populations such as sexual minority women because it focuses on how transformative change may result from traumatic experiences such as surviving IPV.

Acculturation, Gender Stereotypes, and Attitudes About Dating Violence Among Latino Youth

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio C. Ulloa ◽  
Lisa H. Jaycox ◽  
Grant N. Marshall ◽  
Rebecca L. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Latino Youth ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Personal Variables ◽  
Attitudes And Knowledge ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between personal characteristics (gender, acculturation, belief in gender stereotypes, recent dating experiences), and attitudes and knowledge about dating violence in urban Latino youth (N= 678). All participants completed self-administered surveys at school. Relative to girls, boys held more problematic (proviolence) attitudes about dating violence and reported less knowledge about dating violence and its consequences. Teens who were more traditional (less acculturated), those who endorsed gender stereotypes, and those who reported recent fearful dating experiences tended to report less knowledge about abuse and lower endorsement of nonviolent attitudes. Multivariate analyses revealed that all four personal variables predicted dating violence knowledge. By contrast, attitudes were predicted by endorsement of gender stereotypes only, or gender stereotypes and gender. Implications for dating violence interventions and future directions for research are explored.

Too Pretty for Homework: Sexualized Gender Stereotypes Predict Academic Attitudes for Gender-Typical Early Adolescent Girls

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Nelson ◽  
Christia Spears Brown
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Gender Typicality ◽  
Academic Attitudes ◽  
Educational Implications ◽  
Academic Motivations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Sexualized gender stereotypes (SGS) are commonly endorsed by adolescent girls. These stereotypes include the notion that girls can enhance their social status by prioritizing their sexualized attractiveness, which necessitates downplaying other traits such as intelligence. According to the stereotype emulation hypothesis, a girl will be more likely to “emulate” SGS if she also identifies as a typical girl. Based on this hypothesis, the current study examined the relationship between girls’ SGS endorsement and their academic motivations, beliefs, and motivations—and whether this relationship was moderated by gender typicality. Girls ( N = 99), aged 11 years to 14 years ( Meanage = 12.4 years, SD = .57 years), completed a survey assessing their academic outcomes, SGS endorsement, and gender typicality. As hypothesized, results indicated that higher endorsement of SGS was generally associated with maladaptive academic outcomes, and this association was the strongest for highly gender-typical girls. Theoretical and educational implications are discussed.

The Experience of Trauma Resulting From the Loss of a Child and Posttraumatic Growth—The Mediating Role of Coping Strategies (Loss of a Child, PTG, and Coping)

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Ogińska-Bulik ◽  
Magdalena Kobylarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Loss Of A Child ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study was to determine the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between intensity of trauma resulting from the loss of a child and posttraumatic growth (PTG). The study included a group of 76 persons who regarded the loss of a child as a traumatic event. The majority (55.3%) of respondents were women. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 62 years ( M = 35.88; SD = 9.52). A visual scale to measure intensity of trauma was used, and the Polish versions of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and Coping Inventory (Brief-Cope). The subjects revealed PTG, primarily in terms of appreciating of life and relating to others. Seeking social support, both emotional and instrumental, plays a mediating role between the intensity of trauma and PTG. Encouraging people who have experienced trauma to seek social support may not only enable adaptation to the situation but also contribute to the occurrence of PTG.

Walking the tightrope: Constructing gender and professional identities in account management

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inne Gremmen ◽  
Yvonne Benschop
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
White Women ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Professional Identities ◽  
Critical Dialogue ◽  
Account Management ◽  
Account Managers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Organization Research

AbstractThis paper contributes to the growing stream of organization research that explores the relationship between professional identities and gender. Our central question pertains to how account managers ‘do gender’ in constructing their professional identities. While account management has been considered a sales occupation with a strong masculine connotation, some indications towards ‘feminization’ have also been observed. Our analysis of 39 interviews with white women and men working as account managers in the Netherlands suggests that these account managers construct a ‘tough salesman’ identity and a ‘co-operative communicator’ identity. These identities have different gender connotations. The ‘co-operative communicator’ identity facilitates a critical dialogue with the – often implicit – masculinity in the ‘tough salesman’ identity norm. We reflect on the effects of these gender connotations both for account managers and for our practice as organization researchers who intend to deconstruct rather than reproduce gender stereotypes in our study of professional identities.

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