The Impact of `Work Choices' on Women in Low Paid Employment in Australia: A Qualitative Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pocock ◽  
Jude Elton ◽  
Alison Preston ◽  
Sara Charlesworth ◽  
Fiona MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Employee Voice ◽  
Workplace Relations ◽  
Unfair Dismissal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work Choices

This article summarizes the effects of the Howard Government's `Work Choices' amendments to the Workplace Relations Act 1996, based on qualitative analysis of its impact on 121 low paid women workers. The main effects of the regulatory changes are on job security, income, voice, working time and redundancy pay. The analysis draws attention to the nexus between protection from unfair dismissal and security of working time and employee voice: many of those interviewed in the study had lost access to protection from unfair dismissal and as a consequence could no longer effectively influence their working hours, or request flexibility. Employer prerogative was perceived to have strengthened in many of their workplaces, with consequences for the intensity of work. The analysis suggests that improvements in minimum standards and job security are vital if low paid workers like those included in the study are to exercise voice over working time and avoid significant deteriorations in their pay and conditions.

scholarly journals Work Environment and its Impact on Triple Constraint of Project Management

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 545-552
Author(s):  
Syed Ali Raza ◽  
Tamkeen Zehra Shah .
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
It Industry ◽  
The Impact

Project management’s fundamental concern is to effectively manage its triple constraints throughout the life cycle of a project to maximize productivity. At the same timework environment is considered a key feature, which influences the framework of project management. The present study assesses the impact of the work environment on the triple constraints (Scope, Time and Cost) of projects in the IT industry. The theoretical framework comprises Remuneration, Job Satisfaction, Job Security, and Working Hours as components of work environment and triple constraints as the dependent variable. Three hundred Project Managers across a number of IT firms have been approached, out of which 279 have responded to the questionnaire. The measurement tool has been developed by the researcher except for one construct, which has been adopted, followed by a pilot study. Inferential statistics have been applied to test the data. The study concludes that all project managers view a flexible and conducive work environment as bearing a strong relationship with the triple constraint of project management.

scholarly journals Effect of Long Working Hours on Depression and Mental Well-Being among Employees in Shanghai: The Role of Having Leisure Hobbies

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 4980
Author(s):  
Zan Li ◽  
Junming Dai ◽  
Ning Wu ◽  
Yingnan Jia ◽  
Junling Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Working Time ◽  
World Health ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being

Our aim is to examine the associations between long working hours and depression and mental well-being among the working population in Shanghai, as well as to identify the impact of having hobbies on these relationships. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai, with depression assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale and mental well-being assessed by the World Health Organization five-item Well-Being Index (WHO-5) scale. The phenomenon of long working hours (69.3%) was quite common among employees in Shanghai, and the rate of working over 60 h was 19.3%. Those who worked over 60 h had the highest prevalence of poorer mental health compared with individuals working ≤40 h per week. After adjustment in the logistic regression model, those who reported weekly working time over 60 h were 1.40 (95%CI: 1.03–1.90) and 1.66 (95%CI: 1.26–2.18) times more likely to have depression and poor mental well-being (PMWB), respectively. Adjusted ORs for having hobbies were 0.78 (95%CI: 0.62–0.97) and 0.62 (95%CI: 0.51–0.75), respectively. Meanwhile, having hobbies could significantly lower the mean score on the PHQ-9 and elevate the mean score on the WHO-5 in each working time group, with no interaction effect. Long working hours could have a significantly negative impact on workers’ psychological health. Importantly, having hobbies in their daily lives might help to mitigate the adverse effects of long working hours on workers’ depression and mental well-being.

The association between self-reported health, late career transitions and working time modulations in England

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 424-440
Author(s):  
Jacques Wels
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Career Transitions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Change ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
English Longitudinal Study ◽  
Types Of Change

Purpose There is an emerging literature focusing on the impact of late career transitions on health, but little is known so far about the role working time modulations might play in explaining older workers’ health. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) Waves 4–7, the paper assesses the association between the different types of change in working time, the total weekly working hours at baseline and the level of income and the change in Self-perceived health (SPH). The model controls for financial wealth, qualification, gender, age, the sector of activity and self-reported health at baseline. Findings Respondents who retire have a better SPH compared with those who keep working at constant working time. Those who work long hours benefit more from retiring. Respondents working long hours before being unemployed tend to be less affected by a negative change in SPH. Those who reduce working time by 50 per cent or more and work long hours at baseline have lower probabilities to be affected by a negative change in SPH compared with those who work fewer hours. Finally, low-paid workers are those who benefit the most from retiring or reducing working time. Social implications Results point out the need to foster working time arrangements for low-paid workers to prevent adverse health impacts. Originality/value There is a significant association between change in working time and change in self-reported health that has not been examined by previous studies.

Geografische mobiliteit en het vinden van een passende baan

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Hensen ◽  
Robert de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Higher Vocational Education ◽  
Geographical Mobility ◽  
The Impact

Geographical mobility and the match between education and job Geographical mobility and the match between education and job In this article we examine the influence of geographical mobility on the match between education and job. We investigate to what extent geographical mobile school-leavers have better education-job matches than school-leavers who are less mobile. For this purpose we use data about school-leavers from secondary (vocational) education and higher vocational education in the period 1996 to 2001. Contrary to previous research we examine, next to the educational level of the job, also the match between field of study and job, job security and number of working hours of the job. Incorporating this set of four job characteristics adds a potentially useful dimension to understand school-leavers job-search behaviour and the role of geographical mobility in finding a suitable job. Our results show that to some extent mobility leads to a better match between education and job. It appears that mobile school-leavers have a higher probability of a permanent or a full-time job than school-leavers who are less mobile. Furthermore, the probability of a job at the attained educational level increases with mobility. However, the impact of mobility is smaller for the latter. This result suggests that school-leavers especially are willing to be mobile to ensure job security or a full-time job.

Sind betriebliche Bündnisse für Arbeit erfolgreich? / Are ln-plant Alliances for Job Security Successful?

2005 ◽  
Vol 225 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Hübler
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Pay Cuts ◽  
Works Council ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThis paper uses data from the WSI works council survey in 2003 where detailed information on agreements between employers and employees to secure jobs are available. Firm size and profit effects of company-level agreements are investigated. A major result is that the development of firm size is less favourable in companies with in-plant alliances than in other firms. Interestingly, this result is stronger within the group of successful firms. If we distinguish between several measures our estimation shows that training on-the-job and prolongation of working hours are positively correlated with the objective of job security while pay cuts, reduction of working hours and reorganisation of firms lead to further lay-offs. More ambiguous is the impact of working hours accounts. Our investigations demonstrate that the agreements are more successful if employers or the management suggest an in-plant alliance than works councils or unions. Usually, we observe only short run positive employment effects but in the medium term the effects are negative. Only in the long run the development turns around and in-plant alliances are really successful. Sometimes, renegotiations can help to improve the situation.

The Impact of the Workplace Relations Act on Regional Patterns of Industrial Relations: The Illawarra Region of Australia, 1996— 2004

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 752-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Markey ◽  
Ann Hodgkinson
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Workplace Relations ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Coalition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work Choices

Work Choices fundamentally restructured the Australian industrial relations system in 2005, by marginalizing the role of awards and the Australian Industrial Relations Commission, privileging individual contracts and restricting industrial action by trade unions. The Workplace Relations Act 1996 (WRA) represented a significant first step in this direction prior to the Liberal National coalition gaining control of the Senate in 2005. However, there has been no extensive workplace data of the kind produced by the Australian Workplace Relations Survey to take stock of the impact of the WRA. This study undertakes a stocktake of the impact of the WRA for the Illawarra region. It compares data for trade unions, employer associations, forms of employee participation, workplace reductions, industrial disputes and payment systems from the Illawarra Regional Workplace Industrial Relations Survey 1996 with a further survey in 2004. It concludes that while the WRA did impact on the region, the Illawarra nevertheless maintained a distinctive pattern of industrial relations in which the New South Wales State system was more influential. If this provides any indication of the wider impact of the WRA, it offers strong reasons as to why the government proceeded with Work Choices.

Assessing the Association between Late Career Working Time Reduction and Retirement Plans. A Cross-National Comparison Using the 2012 Labour Force Survey ad hoc Module

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-410
Author(s):  
Jacques Wels
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Retirement Plans ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Impact

As public policies are focusing on retaining the ageing workforce, flexible working time arrangements in late career have gained visibility over the past decades. However, given the institutional nature of these arrangements, little is known about the extent to which older workers reduce working hours at a cross-country level. Using data from the 2012 Labour Force Survey ad hoc module, the article aims to provide estimates about the number of workers aged fifty-five to sixty-nine reducing working time in a move towards retirement (before and after the first old-age pension) and assessing, using a multilevel modelling, whether these arrangements play a role in explaining the decision to work beyond the pension age in thirty European countries. Descriptive results show important variations among countries and between genders. The multilevel model shows that the impact of working time reductions in late career varies from one country to another.

scholarly journals Job Satisfaction and Women’s Turnover Intentions in Pakistan’s Public Universities

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliya Bushra
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Professional Relationships ◽  
Flexible Working Hours ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to test the impact of women’s job satisfaction on their turnover intentions, specifically for those employed in the education sector. Using a sample drawn from two different universities in Lahore, Pakistan, we measure their levels of job satisfaction by evaluating their general working conditions, pay and potential for promotion, professional relationships, use of skills and abilities, and activities assigned. We find that flexible working hours, workplace location, performance appraisal, and skills utilization have a highly positive significance on turnover intentions, while professional autonomy, job security, and promotion have an inverse impact on job satisfaction and turnover intentions.

scholarly journals WOMEN WORKERS AND THEIR ECONOMIC ROLES DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK FROM AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE: A CASE OF BENTOR DRIVERS IN GORONTALO, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Luqmanul Hakiem Ajuna ◽  
Muhammad Amri
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Women Workers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Staying At Home ◽  
At Home

The objective of this research is to examine and reveal the impact of the adoption of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar - PSBB) in Gorontalo province on the roles of women working as drivers of pedicab motorcycle (Becak Motor – Bentor) in addition to being a housewife. This study is qualitative research that gathered data through interviews with the drivers and related parties. Data were analyzed using a phenomenological approach with a thematic study of the Qur'an and Hadith. The results revealed that the family's economic needs became the main reason for women choosing to be Bentor drivers. The implementation of working hours and quantity controls, as well as the prevalence of staying at home, had decreased their income; however, their household duties were still performed, despite the worst economic conditions. Another fact is that the implementation of PSBB has succeeded in decreasing the introductory reproduction rate (R0) of the transmission of Covid-19. In addition, the Qur'an and Hadith allow women who want to work outside their houses but still follow religious instructions always to protect themselves and their dignity and not to ignore their household duties.==================================================================================================ABSTRAK – Pekerja Perempuan dan Peran Ekonomi Mereka pada Masa Covid-19 Ditinjau dari Perspektif Islam: Kajian pada Supir Bentor di Gorontalo, Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa dampak penerapan Pembatasan Sosisal Berskala Besar (PSBB) di Provinsi Gorontalo terhadap peran ganda perempuan berprofesi sebagai supir bentor selain sebagai ibu rumah tangga. Kajian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang mengumpulkan data dari wawancara para supir bentor tersebut dan pihak-pihak terkait lainnya. Data dianalisis dengan pendekatan fenomenologi ditambah dengan kajian Tematik Alqur’an dan Hadis dalam menyusun bahasannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alasan utama perempuan memilih berperan ganda adalah tuntutan ekonomi keluarga. Pemberlakuan aturan jam dan volume operasi serta adanya himbauan stay at home telah menurunkan pendapatan mereka, sementara tugas rumah tangganya berjalan normal meski kondisi ekonomi berada diposisi terburuk. Fakta lain adalah penerapan PSBB berhasil menurunkan tren angka reproduksi dasar (R0) penularan Covid-19. Sementara Alqur’an dan Hadis tidak melarang perempuan yang hendak bekerja di luar rumah namun dengan tetap mengikuti petunjuk agama untuk senantiasa menjaga diri dan kehormatan serta tidak menyia-nyiakan urusan rumah tangganya.

scholarly journals The Nordic Model in a Global Company Situated in Norway. Challenging Institutional Orders?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Kvande ◽  
Hege Eggen Børve
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Working Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Micro Model ◽  
Global Company ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Institutional Order

In this article, we explore the impact of internationalization as organizational processes where institutional actors meet in local contexts and negotiate the institutional order. The internationalization of working life implies that different traditions and practices meet and challenge each other. The focus is on how important elements of the Nordic micro model like cooperation between employees and employers and regulation of working hours are implemented in a global company situated in Norway. In general, it seems that employees and employers cooperate in line with this tradition in the Nordic micro model. Norwegian manager’s practices are described to be in accordance with Scandinavian management traditions, while managers from the United States appear to practice management consistent with the liberal working life model. The findings show a tension-filled clash between two different management practices, which indicates that the Nordic micro model in this field might be under pressure. Manager’s recommendation to the employees was not to become members of the trade union. The absence of trade unions in the organization implies that employees and employers are not cooperating on a collective level. This means that only parts of the regulatory arrangement related to participation and cooperation are implemented. Findings concerning working time and the relation to the institutional order represented by the Norwegian Work Environment Act indicate a clear tension between different institutional traditions in the organization. The company does not respect the Norwegian in working time regulations. These regulations are seen as counterproductive for a company that competes in the international market. This devaluation of the regulations in the Nordic model implies that the institutional order represented in the Nordic micro model is challenged.

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