Anaesthetics and analgesics used in adult fish for research: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Martins ◽  
Ana Valentim ◽  
Nuno Pereira ◽  
Luis Marques Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Analgesic Agents

The number of fish used in research has increased in the last decades. Anaesthesia is required when fish must be held immobile and it is crucial to promote fish welfare, because these vertebrates can show signs of stress and/or pain during handling, transport, tagging, sampling and invasive procedures. The use of an inadequate anaesthetic protocol can compromise not only the welfare of the fish, but also the reliability of the research results. Thus, the development of suitable anaesthetic regimes for each fish species is important. This article reviews the main anaesthetic and analgesic agents used in adult fish in a research setting.

scholarly journals From Land to Water: Taking Fish Welfare Seriously

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1585
Author(s):  
Walter Sánchez-Suárez ◽  
Becca Franks ◽  
Lauri Torgerson-White
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Terrestrial Animal ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Animal Welfare Science

This article aims to use contemporary (terrestrial) animal welfare science as a lens to evaluate the state of knowledge concerning welfare in fish species, focusing on farmed fishes. We take advantage of the vast expertise—including previous pitfalls and accomplishments—in the investigation of welfare in terrestrial vertebrates, borrowing questions and methodologies from terrestrial animal welfare science in order to (1) better understand the challenges and opportunities in the study of welfare in fish species, and (2) propose strategies for filling knowledge gaps.

scholarly journals Animal Welfare Issues in Capture-Based Aquaculture

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 956
Author(s):  
Uthpala Chandararathna ◽  
Martin Hugo Iversen ◽  
Kjetil Korsnes ◽  
Mette Sørensen ◽  
Ioannis N. Vatsos
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Intensive Aquaculture ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Capture-based aquaculture (CBA) represents a type of intensive aquaculture production system for some economically valuable fish species, such as bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), eel (Anguilla spp.) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). In CBA, fish are captured from the wild in certain periods of the year, and following a recovery phase, they are kept in rearing facilities for a period of time, until they reach the market size. In this case, the fish are wild and have not gone through domestication like other fish species that are reproduced and farmed under the established farming systems. Therefore, these fish are not genetically adapted to live under the intensive farming conditions, and thus their welfare may be compromised in different manners compared to their domesticated counterparts. This review presents an overview of the current situation of CBA, while focusing on the assessment of fish welfare in CBA. The most commonly used fish welfare indicators will be discussed in relation to the different stages of CBA.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Aquaculture in a Changing Climate: Temperature Effects on Pathogens and Diseases of Three Farmed Fish Species

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Maria Chiara Cascarano ◽  
Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou ◽  
Ivona Mladineo ◽  
Kim D. Thompson ◽  
Nikos Papandroulakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
The Mediterranean

Climate change is expected to have a drastic effect on aquaculture worldwide. As we move forward with the agenda to increase and diversify aquaculture production, rising temperatures will have a progressively relevant impact on fish farming, linked to a multitude of issues associated with fish welfare. Temperature affects the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and has the potential to lead to significant increases in disease outbreaks within aquaculture systems, resulting in severe financial impacts. Significant shifts in future temperature regimes are projected for the Mediterranean Sea. We therefore aim to review and discuss the existing knowledge relating to disease outbreaks in the context of climate change in Mediterranean finfish aquaculture. The objective is to describe the effects of temperature on the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and moreover to list and discuss the principal diseases of the three main fish species farmed in the Mediterranean, namely gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and meagre (Argyrosomus regius). We will attempt to link the pathology of each disease to a specific temperature range, while discussing potential future disease threats associated with the available climate change trends for the Mediterranean Sea.

scholarly journals Condition factor, heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the muscle of fishes harvested in, and imported into Lagos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Oyelowo Oluwakemi ◽  
Awobajo Funmileyi ◽  
Samuel Titilola ◽  
Sogbesan Teniola ◽  
Fayiga Adewale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Atlantic Mackerel ◽  
Permissible Limits

Fish is an important part of the human diet, are at the top of the aquatic food chain with a high propensity to accumulating contaminants like heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) which are toxic to humans.  The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between condition factor (physiologic wellbeing) of the fishes, PCBs, and heavy metal accumulation.Ten adult fish species three each of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Trachinotus teraia, Liza dumerilli, Tilapia guieensis, Pseudotolithus elongatus, Pomadasys jubelini, Polydactylus quadrifilis, Caranx hippos, Sphyreana barracuda, Arius heudoloti,were acquired at Epe Lagoon. Ten adult fish species three each of Argentina silus, Gadus chalcogrammus, Gadus morhua, Atlantic mackerel, Micropogonias undulatus, Urophycis sp., Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Oreochromis niloticus, Clupea harengus, Trachurus trachurus, imported into Lagos were purchased. The fish species’ condition factor was determined. The heavy metals were determined using AAS while PCB level was determined using GC-MS. Iron, mercury, zinc, arsenic, nickel and copper levels correlated positively with the condition factor in the local fishes while in the imported fishes, cadmium, iron, zinc, nickel, copper and lead levels correlated positively to the condition factor. The levels of PCBs in both the local and imported fishes were non-detectable.  It is concluded that the lead, copper, arsenic, zinc, mercury and cadmium in both the imported and local fishes were within permissible limits compared with the FAO/WHO maximum permissible limits. The positive correlation of some heavy metals to the fishes’ condition factor infers that these metals might be altering physiologic activities in the fishes. Keywords: Condition factor; Heavy metals; Polychlorinated biphenyl; Fish

scholarly journals KESERAGAMAN JENIS–JENIS IKAN PADA KOMUNITAS MANGROVE DESA WAAI KECAMATAN SALAHUTU KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lisca Pelupessy ◽  
Ine Arini
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Index Of Diversity

Background: Fish are the basic organisms of waters living on the surface of the water or at the bottom of the water. Fish is one of the important resources that can provide benefits for recreation, economic value and science for the community. The beach is located in Waai Village is faced with Haruku Island and West Seram Island. Waai beach area found mangrove community. Method: The study was conducted approximately 1 month. Starting from January 27, 2016 to February 27, 2016.Tipe research used is descriptive where only see uniformity and diversity of species of fish in the coastal waters of Waai Village by using the existing formula. Result: The research results showed that fish species in coastal waters of Waai Village found 16 species with uniformity index which is moderate is 1.642 and diversity is 2,154. Conclusion: The index of diversity and uniformity of fish species in coastal mangrove community of Mangai State belong to medium category, with index of diversity 2,514 and uniformity value 1.642 this is influenced by environmental condition.

scholarly journals Density, biomass and species composition of fish in a subtropical Rhizophora stylosa mangrove forest

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
IA Halliday ◽  
WR Young
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mangrove Communities ◽  
Important Fish

Juvenile and adult fish were sampled from within a subtropical Rhizophora stylosa mangrove forest in Tin Can Bay, Australia, every second lunar month from November 1991 to November 1993. On all sampling occasions replicate samples were taken on two consecutive nights. In all, 3320 fish were collected, representing 42 species and weighing 141 498 g. Significantly fewer fish were caught on the second night than on the first night. Economically important fish of the Families Atherinidae, Mugilidae, Gerreidae, Sparidae and Sillaginidae represented >76% by number and >74% of the total weight caught. The mean density of fish in the forest was 0.04 � 0.01 m-2, with a biomass of 1.3 � 0.2 g m-2. This is lower than that found in similar studies on other mangrove communities. The fish community was dominated by detritivores and intermediate carnivores, many of which are of economic value. Although the fish use of this subtropical R. stylosa forest was low, this habitat is important as a feeding and nursery area for fish species that contribute to the fisheries value of the region.

scholarly journals Stok Ikan Tapah (Wallago leeri) Yang Tertangkap Dengan Menggunakan Alat Tangkap Pengilar (Pot Trap) Di Sungai Sebangau Kota Palangka Raya

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Haryuni Haryuni ◽  
Anang Najamuddin ◽  
Subhan Abror Alhidayat ◽  
Firlianty Firlianty
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Anabas Testudineus ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Research Results ◽  
A Value ◽  
Mystus Nemurus

This research was conducted to analyze: (1) the composition of Pengilar’s catches on the Sebangau River (2) the parameters of Tapah fish stocks, including size structures and long weight relationship (3) the effectiveness of Pengilar (Pot Trap) fishing gear used in the Sebangau River. This research was conducted in Sebangau River, Sebangau Sub-district, Palangka Raya City, and Limnology Laboratory of Fisheries Department of Palangka Raya University. Based on the research results can be concluded: The composition of fish species caught by using Pengilar (pot trap) fishing gear in Sebangau River during the study of 105 heads consisting of 6 species of fish that is Wallago leeri, Kryptopterus bicirrhis, Anabas testudineus, Mystus nemurus, Pristolepis fasciata, and Helostoma temminckii.  It is assumed that the structure of the Wallago leeri from observation frequency and theoretical frequencies tend to consist of only one age group (cohort). Wallago leeri fish has a constant b with a value of W = 2.789 SL and average of 0.958. The value of b indicates that the Wallago leeri fish in the Sebangau River belong to negative allometrics or long increments faster than weight gain, indicating the state of the skinny fish.  Lc25%  with length of 46,76 cm, Lc75%  with length 63.65 cm, and L50% with length of 55,21 cm. 

scholarly journals Are tagged fish like others? Insights from growth and stress physiological profile of two marine fish species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Alfonso ◽  
Walter Zupa ◽  
Amedeo Manfrin ◽  
Eleonora Fiocchi ◽  
Maria Dioguardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Marine Fish Species ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
Physiological Profile ◽  
Growth Performances

Abstract Background Recently, telemetry applied to the aquatic organisms had a great development. Progressively, physiological sensors were used, as tools for fish welfare monitoring. However, it is important that tagging procedure does not disrupt fish physiology, behavior and performances to be used as a reliable non-invasive welfare indicator. In this communication, we share our mid-term data about stress physiological profile and growth performances following tag implantation in two important marine fish species of the European aquaculture, sea bream (Sparus aurata) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Results Mid-term blood samples post-tag implantation (46 days for sea bream and 95 days for sea bass) revealed no difference between tagged and untagged fish in the cortisol, glucose and lactate levels, suggesting that the tag implantation does not induce prolonged stress in these species. Moreover, the specific growth rate was similar for tagged and untagged fish in both species. Conclusion As a conclusion, the tag implantation does not induce mid-term consequences on the stress physiology and the growth performances of these two marine fish species under controlled environment. These observations first support accelerometer tags as useful tools for welfare monitoring in aquaculture condition because they do not affect the welfare and health of implanted fish. Secondly, this study shown that tagged fish can be sampled during experiments and be considered as a representative portion of the population, displaying similar growth and physiological parameters compared to untagged fish.

Contributions to the mechanisms of mitosis and roles of cytoplasmic microtubules from ultrastructural analyses of fungi

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
I. Brent Heath
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Ultrastructural Analysis ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Organelle Motility ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubules

Detailed ultrastructural analysis of fungal mitotic systems and cytoplasmic microtubules might be expected to contribute to a number of areas of general interest in addition to the direct application to the organisms of study. These areas include possibly fundamental general mechanisms of mitosis; evolution of mitosis; phylogeny of organisms; mechanisms of organelle motility and positioning; characterization of cellular aspects of microtubule properties and polymerization control features. This communication is intended to outline our current research results relating to selected parts of the above questions.Mitosis in the oomycetes Saprolegnia and Thraustotheca has been described previously. These papers described simple kinetochores and showed that the kineto- chores could probably be used as markers for the poorly defined chromosomes. Kineto- chore counts from serially sectioned prophase mitotic nuclei show that kinetochore replication precedes centriole replication to yield a single hemispherical array containing approximately the 4 n number of kinetochore microtubules diverging from the centriole associated "pocket" region of the nuclear envelope (Fig. 1).

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