A preliminary study on the effect of enriching feed with fish oil on the growth and survival rate of climbing perch Anabas testudineus

The climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) is an economically valuable freshwater fish. Relatively slow growth has been a challenge in the domestication of this species in Indonesia. Nutrition, including feed lipid content, is one factor affecting growth. This study examined the effect of enriching feed with fish oil on the growth and survival of climbing perch (A. testudineus) fingerlings. The research was carried out at the Water Quality and Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Tadulako University, Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia from 17 December to 18 January 2020. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with 4 treatments and 5 replicates. The fish oil feed enrichment treatments were: A (control, 0%); B (1%); C (2%) and D (3%). Water quality remained within the optimum range throughout the research period. Over the month, climbing perch absolute weight gain ranged from 2.4±0.981 g (A) to 3.4 ± 0.836 g (D), while growth in length ranged from 0.404±0.092 cm (A) to 0.504±0.071 cm (D); however, the differences were not statistically significant (P0.05). The survival rate of climbing perch over the one month study period was 100% under all treatments, indicating that basic nutritional needs were met. Enrichment of a commercial feed with fish oil (Scott’s emulsion) at rates of 1-3% did not provide a significant benefit in terns of climbing perch fingerling growth.

Effectiveness of sweep net, yellow pan trap and malaise trap for sampling parasitic hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice

The presence of the parasitic Hymenoptera plays a vital role in pest management for sustainable agriculture. So, it is crucial to know the parasitoid species that exist in an agroecosystem. Sweep Net, Yellow Pan Trap, and Malaise Trap are often used to study the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitic in agroecosystems. This study aims to see the effectiveness of Sweep Net, Yellow Pan Trap, and Malaise Trap in trapping Parasitic Hymenoptera. The study was carried out at four sub-districts, namely are Batang Tuaka, Keritang, Reteh, and Tembilahan Hulu sub-district. The research was carried out by sampling with the transect line method. Sweep net, Yellow pan trap, and Malaise trap have trapped 5,732 individuals of Parasitic Hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice in Indragiri Hilir Regency. The Parasitic Hymenoptera consists of 10 superfamilies, 30 families, and 320 morphospecies. Malaise traps are the best for trapping parasitic Hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice. Malaise traps have been able to trap up to 62% of morphospecies and 81% of the abundance of individual Parasitic Hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice. Yellow pan traps trap 28% of morphospecies and 15% of the abundance of individual Parasitic Hymenoptera. The sweep net can trap 10% of morphospecies and 4% of the abundance of individual Parasitic Hymenoptera.Keywords: Parasitic Hymenoptera; trap; tidal swamp rice.

Performance of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles fed autoclaved mango seed kernel diets

Human and livestock population increase has led to escalating prices of energy feed stuffs used in aquaculture. There have been some researches on various inexpensive agro-industrial by-products as substitutes for maize in fish diets with varying degrees of success. This study investigated the growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles fed with autoclaved Mango seed formulated fish diet as a dietary energy source at different inclusion level. 150 Oreochromis niloticus juveniles with mean weight of 10.24±0.05g were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5). The fish were acclimated for two weeks and were allotted to five treatments in plastic tanks (26x46x20cm). Each treatment contained 10 fish per tank. The fish were fed experimental diets at T1:0%, T2: 25%, T3: 50%, T4: 75% and T5: 100% Mango Seed Kernel Meal (MSKM) inclusion levels respectively. The highest Mean weight Gain (MWG) and lowest Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was recorded in Treatment 2: 25% (48.93±4.88); (0.91±0.07) while the lowest MWG and highest FCR was recorded in Treatment 5: 100% (27.30±3.99); (1.47±0.16). Specific Growth Rate (SGR) was lower in Treatment 5: 100% when compared to other treatments. Feed intake followed a decreasing order. The blood samples collected showed that there was significant differences (p0.05) In conclusion, growth performance and haematological activity could be best improved by substituting mango seed kernel meal at 75% with no implication on growth and fish health.

Effects of Tamarindus indica (Linnaeus 1753) pulp-fortified diets on the gut microflora and morphometry in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)

The global criticism on the adverse effects of synthetic antibiotics including destabilization of gut microflora necessitated research into natural alternative like phytobiotics. Tamarind pulp is a phytobiotic known for its antimicrobial, growth-promoting and antioxidants properties, with little information on the mechanism of its growth promotion in fish. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of tamarind pulp (TP) meal as feed additives on the growth, gut microflora, and morphometry in Clarias gariepinus. The fish were fed with diets fortified with graded levels (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% or 2.0%) of TP or 0.2% oxytetracycline (OTC). Fish weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), gut microflora and morphometry were determined. The weight gain of fish rose (P 0.05) with increasing levels of TP, while the FCR reduced significantly, compared to those fed the control diets. The total viable counts and enterobacteriaceae from the gut of fish fed OTC-fortified control diet was lower, compared the fish fed unfortified control (0.0% TP) diet and diets containing TP. Fish fed 1.0-2.0% TP-fortified diets had significantly higher yeast counts, compared to those fed other diets, while on the other hand higher (P0.05) Streptococcus sp was obtained from fish fed the control diets. The thickness of muscular lining of the base of villi, villi height and absorption area were higher (P ˂ 0.05) in fish fed OTC-fortified (C2) diet, compared to other treatments, while lower crypt depth were obtained in fish fed TP-fortified diets. The correlation analyses showed moderate negative (R = -0.539 at P 0.05) relationship between FCR and population of enterobacteriaceae while a very strong positive relationship (R = 0.848 at P 0.01) existed between FCR and population of haemolytic Streptococcus. The enhanced growth in fish fed TP-fortified diets could be accredited to the reduced crypt depth and colonization of yeast and reduced Streptococcus counts. Therefore the application of tamarind pulp meal at 2% is recommended for enhanced growth and healthy gut microflora composition.

A preliminary study on the size structure and sex ratio of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides Hamilton, 1822) harvested from Kwandang Bay, Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia

Orange-spotted grouper is one of the coral reef fish has the economic value and exploited by local fisherman. Information about the size structure and sex ratio are urgent to formulate a policy for sustainability. This research aims to analyze the size structure and sex ratio of the orange-spotted grouper in Kwandang Bay. The research was conducted from December 2016 to November 2017. Sampling is carried out twice a month for one year. The total sample of orange-spotted grouper used for the analysis of the sex ratio was 149 individuals. Sample of orange-spotted grouper collected from fish landed and middlemen (grouper traders) at the Kwandang Fishing Port. Data analysis applying chi-square. The results show that males bigger than females. The sex ratio of orange-spotted grouper is 87.25 % female, 7.38 % male, and 5.37 % hermaphrodites. Orange-spotted grouper dominated by females and undergoes a gonad differentiation to male (protogynous hermaphrodite). It is concluded that The size of the male orange-spotted grouper is larger than that of the female grouper. The caught orange-spotted grouper is dominated by the female phase and undergoes a differentiation of the gonad from female to male (protogynous hermaphrodite)

Prevalence of coccidia in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica Gmelin, 1789) in Benghazi city, Libya

Pigeon coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria spp; a protozoan parasite which limits birds’ productivity by causing severe illness. The current study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of coccidiosis on domestic pigeon in Libya. Intestinal contents of 100 pigeons (Columba livia domestica Gmelin, 1789) were collected within a period of five months; January to May 2020. The intestinal content was examined to detect of coccidian oocysts infection on the randomly selected birds. A total of 100 faecal samples were investigated with two methods;Willis-Schaafs (qualitative) and McMaster’s (quantitative). The results obtained showed that the number of infected Pigeons was 72 pigeons (72%) of the total number of Pigeons. The prevalence was higher in female than that of males, where the total of infected females was 50 (69.4 %) and infected males was 22 (30.6%). The results showed that the highest incidence of Eimeria labbeana was observed in the young pigeons than that of adults, where the total number of young pigeons was 66 (91.7 %), and adult pigeon was 6 (8.3 %).

Gonad maturity and gonadal somatic index of blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus harvested from Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Reproductive biology is one of the biological aspects that needed to formulate responsible management of blue swimming crab (BSC). The crab is one of the commercial fisheries commodities in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Presently no information on the reproductive biology of this crab from Spermonde Archipelago, Sout Sulawesi. Therefore, the study aimed to analyze and compare gonad maturity stage(GMS)andgonadalsomaticindex(GSI)oftheBSCcaughtonthreeecosystemsnamelycoralreef,seagrass,andmangrovein Salemo Island, Spermonde Archipelago. GMS and GSI were analyzed descriptively for five months from March to July 2015. Results indicate there was a difference in GMS of the BSC caught in mangroves, seagrass, and coral reef. Generally, mangrove was dominated by immature BSC with GMS I and GMS II, while the BSC caught in the seagrass and coral reef BSC were dominantly mature and spawn GMS III, IV, and V. GSI BSC caught in mangrove ecosystem are smaller than GSI BSC caught in seagrass and coral reef ecosystems. Seagrass and coral reef ecosystems suitable for development no-take zone of the BSC.

Prevalence, intensity, and dominance of ectoparasites in gourami (Osphronemus goramy) reared in floating net cage in Cirata Reservoir, West Java, Indonesia

The aimed of the study was to determine the prevalence, intensity and dominance of ectoparasites that infected gourami (Osphronemus goramy) which cultivated in floating net cages in Cirata reservoir, West Java. Present results showed that there were 22 gouramis infected with ectoparasites from 30 observed fish. The ectoparasites (Prevalence, Intensity and Dominance) found were Trichodina sp. (13.33%, 8.15 32.62%), Ichthyobodo sp. (3.33%, 1.00, 0.31%) Microsporadia (6.67%, 1.00, 0.31%), Carchesium granulatum (6.67%, 34.00, 20.92%), Cichligogyrus sp. (3.33%, 7.00, 2.15%), Dacthylogyrus sp. (20.00%, 2.00, 3.69%), Centrocestus sp. (6.67%, 3.00, 1.85%), Argulus sp. (56.67%, 6.94, 36.31%), Lerneae sp. (3.33%, 3.00, 0,92%), Gnatia sp. (3.33%, 1.00, 0.31%) and Hatschekia sp (3.33%, 1.00, 0.31%). The Argulus sp. had the highest prevalence with a percentage of 73.33% and becames the most dominant species with a percentage value of 36,31%. Meanwhile, Carchesium granulatum was an ectoparasite species that demonstrated the highest intensity of 34. Based on the diversity of ectoparasites, it was found as positive case that gourami cultivated in the Cirata reservoir have been infected with ectoparasites, especially from the species Argulus sp.

Effect of asam kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb) extract in drinking water on egg quality of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Asam kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb) fruit has been reported to contain phytochemicals such as xanthon, hydroxy cytric acid and flavonoids that have various activities such as antimicrobial and antioxidant. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of asam kandis extract addition in drinking water on the quality of quail eggs. Ninety nine laying quails of 59 days of age were divided into 3 treatments and 3 replications with 11 laying quails in each replication. Completely Randomized Design was used and the treatments were: T1= control (drinking water without asam kandis extract), T2= drinking water with asam kandis extract at pH 4, T3= drinking water with asam kandis extract at pH 3. The parameters observed were egg weight, egg shape index, yolk color, yolk percentage, albumen percentage, eggshell percentage, shell thickness, and haugh unit score. The data obtained were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and significant differences among treatments means were tested by Duncans multiple test. The the addition of asam kandis extract did not affect (P0.05) on egg weight, egg shape index, yolk color, yolk percentage, albumen percentage, eggshell percentage, and haugh unit score. The addition of asam kandis extract in drinking water at pH 3 significantly (P0.05) increased eggshell thickness compare to that of other treatments. The conclusion was the addition of asam kandis extract in drinking water at pH 3 increased eggshell thickness without decreasing egg quality.

Gastric dilatation and volvulus (bloat) - A case report and mini review of literature

Gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) is a progressing bloat condition in dogs characterized as dilatation followed by rotation of stomach. A sevenyear old 18 kg black colour female non-descriptive dog presented, with history of difficulty in respiration within half an hour after feeding of curd meals. With the history and general clinical examination the case tentatively diagnosed as gastric dilatation. After unsuccessful advancement of oro-gastric tube, needle gastric paracentesis was performed on left side of the abdomen caudal to the last rib for decompression. Mid-ventral celiotomy and gastrotomy were performed after stabilization of heart rate and respiratory rate. After evacuating the whitish frothy content from the stomach, derotation and incisional gastropexy was performed. On 14thpostoperative day telecommunication confirmed the milk based meal induced GDV canine patient recovered uneventfully. Electrocardiogram monitoring done for first 24 hours period and ventricular arrhythmia was managed by using lidocaine (loading@2mg/ kg bw followed by 25mcg/kg/min for 30 min). It is concluded that on 14th postoperative day telecommunication confirmed the milk based meal induced GDV canine patient recovered uneventfully.