An Italian Validation of ABILHAND-Kids for Children With Cerebral Palsy

Limitations in hand function are common among children with cerebral palsy (CP), with almost 50% presenting an arm–hand dysfunction. However, there is no standardized assessment tool available in Italian for evaluating bimanual performance for this population. Our objective in this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of an Italian translation of the ABILHAND-Kids (ABILHAND-Kids-IT) among children with CP. We examined internal consistency using Cronbach’s Alpha and Omega coefficients, and we investigated test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). We performed explorative factor analysis (EFA) to investigate structural validity. We calculated Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the ABILAND-Kids IT and the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) to assess criterion validity; and, to demonstrate the score variability of the ABILHAND-Kids-IT, we used analyses of variance (ANOVAs) to compare the 181 children with CP in this sample with their levels on the MACS. We enrolled 181 children with CP in the study. EFA confirmed a uni-dimensional scale. We obtained internal consistency on both Cronbach’s Alpha and Omega coefficient of 0.98, and a one-week test-retest reliability analysis revealed an ICC with 95% of confidence interval of .992. The ANOVA revealed significant score variability ( p < 0.01) and the Pearson correlation coefficient comparing the ABILHAND-Kids-It score with the MACS was –0.929 ( p < 0.01). We conclude that the ABILHAND-Kids-IT is valid and reliable for use with Italian children with CP.

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Psychometric of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II in Indonesia

Journal of Public Health Research ◽

10.4081/jphr.2020.1745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Anggi Setyowati ◽

Min-Huey Chung ◽

Ah. Yusuf ◽

Setya Haksama

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Structural Model ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Exploration Inventory

Background: Curiosity is a personality characteristic, which fits with wellbeing and positive functioning. The objective of this study was to assess the construct validity of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory II (CEI-II) in Indonesia.Design and Methods: The study included 256 undergraduate students who lived in Indonesia, mean age 19.8 years old. The CEI-II measures stretching and embracing using 11 items. The English version of CEI-II was translated into Bahasa. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were addressed to examine internal consistency reliability and the test-retest reliability. To evaluate construct validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to assess factor structure and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the structural model fit of the CEI-II Indonesia version.Results: The study showed Cronbach’s alpha for the internal consistency of the overall CEI-II Indonesia version was 0.77. The ICC for the test-retest reliability ranged between 0.753-0.829. EFA showed adequate with the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of 0.86 and the Bartlett’s test of sphericity was statistically significant. CFA tested the second-order model with two-order factors and showed a model fit.Conclusions: The CEI-II Indonesia version indicated acceptable construct validity to evaluate curiosity in Indonesia.

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The Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Cross cultural adaptation, reliability, validity and responsiveness

Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) ◽

10.1177/1753193414540083 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 200-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. K. Kim ◽

H. M. Lim

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Carpal Tunnel ◽

Carpal Tunnel Release ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Korean Version ◽

Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire ◽

Test Retest Reliability

The purpose of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire to produce an equivalent Korean version. A total of 53 patients completed the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire pre-operatively and 3 months after open carpal tunnel release. All 53 also completed the Korean version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire pre-operatively and 3 months post-operatively. Reliability was measured by determining the test–retest reliability and internal consistency. Test–retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and paired t-tests, and internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out on the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire scores and the Korean version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores to assess construct validity. Responsiveness was evaluated using effect sizes and standardized response means. The reliability of the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire was good. The scores in the Korean version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand strongly correlated with the scores in the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Standardized response mean and effect size were both large for the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. The study shows that the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire is a reliable, valid and responsive instrument for measuring outcomes in carpal tunnel syndrome.

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Scale Validation for the identification of falsified hand sanitizer: Public and Regulatory Authorities Perspectives from United Arab Emirates

10.21203/rs.3.rs-48962/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun ◽

Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari ◽

Moyad Shahwan ◽

Faris El-Dahiyat ◽

SHAZIA Jamshed

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Content Validity ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

World Health ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Hand Sanitizer ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background: Since the time of declaration of global pandemic of COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO), falsified hand sanitizers surfaced regularly in markets, posing possible harm to public due to unlisted inclusion of methanol. The current research is an attempt to develop and validate a tool to document falsified hand sanitizer in the UAE community.Method: A descriptive cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among 1280 randomly selected participants. Respondents were sent a web-based electronic link to the survey via email. Content validity, factor analyses and known group validity were used to develop and validate a new scale to identify falsified hand sanitizer. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, item internal consistency (IIC), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the reliability of the scale. SPSS version 24 was used to conduct data analysis.Results: A total of 1280 participants were enrolled in the study. The content validity index (CVI) was 0.83 with the final scale of 12 items. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.788, with the Bartlett test of sphericity achieving statistical significance (p <0.001). Our factor analysis revealed a 3-component model. The 3-factor solution was confirmed by PCFA analysis and had associations with good fit values. The PCFA for NFI was 0.970, CFI 0.978, and TLI 0.967. All values were in excess of 0.95, with RMSEA values below 0.06 at 0.03; all of these values indicated a good model fit. The Cronbach's alpha was good overall (0.867). All factors had a Cronbach's alpha value in excess of 0.70. The instrument demonstrated that every item met the IIC correlation standard ≥ 0.40. The scale displayed good overall ICC statistics of 0.867 (95% CI 0.856 - 0.877) with statistical significance (p < 0.001). The scale's test-retest reliability was assessed through correlation of the falsified hand sanitizer identification score of respondents at the two time points. The test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.770 (p value <0.01). Participants with post-graduate education were more likely to identify the falsified hand sanitizer compared to those with high school education. (p < 0.001).Conclusions: This study developed and validated a new scale for the measurement of falsified hand sanitizer. This is expected to improve and promote collaboration between the health regulators and the public and hereby encourage customer satisfaction and participation.

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Development, validation and evaluation of a scale for identifying falsified hand sanitizer in the UAE: Public and regulatory authorities collaborative perspective for COVID-19

10.21203/rs.3.rs-48962/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun ◽

Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari ◽

Moyad Shahwan ◽

Faris El-Dahiyat ◽

SHAZIA Jamshed

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Content Validity ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

The Public ◽

Hand Sanitizer ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract BackgroundFrom the time the WHO announced that a global pandemic of COVID-19 had begun, falsified hand sanitizer began to appear more regularly in the markets. These pose a possible danger to public health, especially as they may include undeclared methanol. The current study developed and validated a novel tool to document falsified hand sanitizer in the UAE community.MethodA descriptive cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among Ajman University (AU) students and staff in the UAE. Simple random-sampling selection was used to choose the study sample. Respondents were sent a web-based electronic link to the survey via email. Content validity, factor analyses and known group validity were used to develop and validate a new scale to identify falsified hand sanitizer. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, item internal consistency (IIC), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the reliability of the scale. SPSS version 24 was used to conduct data analysis.ResultsA total of 1280 participants were enrolled in the study. The content validity index (CVI) was 0.83 with the final scale of 12 items. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.788, with the Bartlett test of sphericity achieving statistical significance (p < 0.001). Our factor analysis revealed a 3-component model. The 3-factor solution was confirmed by PCFA analysis and had associations with good fit values. The PCFA for NFI was 0.970, CFI 0.978, and TLI 0.967. All values were in excess of 0.95, with RMSEA values below 0.06 at 0.03; all of these values indicated a good model fit. The Cronbach's alpha was good overall (0.867). All factors had a Cronbach's alpha value in excess of 0.70. The instrument demonstrated that every item met the IIC correlation standard ≥ 0.40. The scale displayed good overall ICC statistics of 0.867 (95% CI 0.856–0.877) with statistical significance (p < 0.001). The scale's test-retest reliability was assessed through correlation of the falsified hand sanitizer identification score of respondents at the two time points. The test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.770 (p value < 0.01). Participants with post-graduate education were more likely to identify the falsified hand sanitizer compared to those with high school education. (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study developed and validated a new scale for the measurement of falsified hand sanitizer. This research could promote greater collaboration between the health regulators and the public, improve customer satisfaction and encourage the public to participate more with regard to this issue.

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Cross-Cultural Validation of Urdu Version KOOS in Indian Population with Primary Knee Osteoarthritis

International Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.1155/2017/1206706 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Mahamed Ateef ◽

Sivachidambaram Kulandaivelan ◽

Mazen Alqahtani

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Ceiling Effect ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Absolute Agreement ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Purpose. The primary aim of this study was to translate a self-reported questionnaire (KOOS) from English to Urdu and then to see its internal consistency, agreement, test-retest reliability, and validity among primary OA knee patients. Methodology. First, KOOS questionnaire was translated from English language to Urdu through standardized cross-cultural protocol. This translated version of KOOS was administered to 111 radiographically diagnosed primary OA knee patients at two times with 48-hour interval in-between. Cronbach’s alpha, floor and ceiling effect, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), absolute agreement %, and Spearman correlation were used to fulfill our objectives. Results. Average time to administer this questionnaire was 20 minutes. There was good internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.7246 to 0.9139. The absolute agreement of each item between two tests ranged from 81.08% to 98.20%. Test-retest reliability was excellent (“r” ranged from 0.9673 to 0.9782). There was no ceiling effect; however less than 4% floor effect was seen in two subscales. There was significant difference that existed between different X-ray grades in all subscales meaning good content validity for disease prognosis. Conclusion. The present results show that KOOS Urdu version is a reliable and valid measure for primary OA knee patients.

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The Dance Functional Outcome Survey (DFOS) is Reliable, Valid, and Responsive in Pediatric Dancers

Journal of Dance Medicine & Science ◽

10.12678/1089-313x.031521b ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 9-17

Author(s):

Teresa Smith ◽

Alyson Filipa ◽

Samantha Riveron ◽

Melissa Strzelinski ◽

Mark Paterno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Functional Outcome ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Responsiveness To Change

The Dance Functional Outcome Survey (DFOS) is a dance-specific questionnaire developed for use with ballet and modern dancers at all training levels. To date, no study has assessed the psychometric properties of the DFOS in pediatric dancers. The purposes of this study were to determine: 1. the reliability of the DFOS when used with healthy and injured pediatric dancers; 2. the validity of the DFOS com- pared to a well-established generic scale, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Physical Function Scale (PedsQL-PFS); and 3. the sensitivity and responsiveness to change of the DFOS in injured dancers. One hundred and two dancers completed the DFOS twice within 10 days. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess test-retest reliability. In a sample of 148 dancers, construct validity was explored by comparing the DFOS to the PedsQL-PFS using Pearson correlations, and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Cronbach's alpha were used for internal consistency analyses. A sub-set of 22 injured dancers was employed to examine responsiveness using repeated measures analysis of variance (p < 0.05). The DFOS demonstrated high test-retest reliability (ICC ≥ 0.90). The DFOS total score, activities of daily living (ADL), and dance technique sub-scores had strong construct validity compared to the PedsQL-PFS (r ≥ 0.79). Cronbach's alpha was high ( α = 0.92), indicating excellent internal consistency. There were significant differences across time in DFOS scores (p < 0.001), demonstrating responsiveness to change. There were no floor or ceiling effects. Thus, the DFOS demonstrates excellent reliability, strong validity, and good responsiveness over time and is a viable tool for assessing function in pediatric dancers.

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A Thai version of the Michigan hand questionnaire (Thai MHQ): an investigation of the psychometric properties

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s12955-020-01548-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pichitchai Atthakomol ◽

Worapaka Manosroi ◽

Saran Sanguanrungsirikul ◽

Siraphop Punoppamas ◽

Sirapat Benjachaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Strong Correlation ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Standardized Response Mean ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background The Michigan Hand Questionnaire (MHQ) is widely used to assess the hand/wrist conditions. We translated the original version into Thai (Thai MHQ) and evaluated its psychometric properties. Methods After receiving permission, the original MHQ was translated and cross-culturally adapted to Thai following standard guidelines. Two hundred and seventeen patients who had hand/wrist injuries or disorders were included in the study. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Test-retest reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Spearman’s rank correlation among the subscales of Thai MHQ, Thai DASH and Thai EQ-5D-5L and also confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to explore construct validity. The standardized response mean (SRM) was used to evaluate the responsiveness of the Thai MHQ. Results All subscales showed an acceptable Cronbach’s alpha (0.79–0.98). The test-retest reliability of each subscale was good (ICC = 0.83–0.95). In related dimensions, strong correlation was demonstrated between the Activities of daily living subscale of the Thai MHQ and the Common activities subscale in the Thai DASH (r = 0.77, P < 0.0001). For unrelated dimensions, a weak correlation was found between the Aesthetics subscale in the Thai MHQ and the Mobility subscale in the Thai EQ-5D-5L (r = − 0.13, P = 0.05). The Thai MHQ had strong correlation with Thai DASH (r = − 0.79, P < 0.0001) and Thai EQ-5D-5L (r = 0.63, P < 0.0001). CFA showed that the 6-factor model demonstrated an acceptable fit to the data. The SRM of the Thai MHQ was 0.78, indicating relatively large responsiveness. The MIC of Thai MHQ using distribution methods (SEM) was 5.2. Conclusions The Thai MHQ provides adequate internal consistency in all subscales as well as good construct validity and reliability for Thai patients and a relatively large standardized response mean at 2 months after treatment.

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Scale validation for the identification of falsified hand sanitizer: public and regulatory authorities perspectives from United Arab Emirates

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09707-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun ◽

Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari ◽

Moyad Shahwan ◽

Faris El-Dahiyat ◽

Shazia Jamshed

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Content Validity ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

World Health ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Hand Sanitizer ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Since the time of declaration of global pandemic of COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO), falsified hand sanitizers surfaced regularly in markets, posing possible harm to public due to unlisted inclusion of methanol. The current research is an attempt to develop and validate a tool to document falsified hand sanitizer in the UAE community. Method A descriptive cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among 1280 randomly selected participants. Respondents were sent a web-based electronic link to the survey via email. Content validity, factor analyses and known group validity were used to develop and validate a new scale to identify falsified hand sanitizer. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, item internal consistency (IIC), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the reliability of the scale. SPSS version 24 was used to conduct data analysis. Results A total of 1280 participants were enrolled in the study. The content validity index (CVI) was 0.83 with the final scale of 12 items. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.788, with the Bartlett test of sphericity achieving statistical significance (p < 0.001). Our factor analysis revealed a 3-component model. The 3-factor solution was confirmed by PCFA analysis and had associations with good fit values. The PCFA for NFI was 0.970, CFI 0.978, and TLI 0.967. All values were in excess of 0.95, with RMSEA values below 0.06 at 0.03; all of these values indicated a good model fit. The Cronbach’s alpha was good overall (0.867). All factors had a Cronbach’s alpha value in excess of 0.70. The instrument demonstrated that every item met the IIC correlation standard ≥0.40. The scale displayed good overall ICC statistics of 0.867 (95% CI 0.856–0.877) with statistical significance (p < 0.001). The scale’s test-retest reliability was assessed through correlation of the falsified hand sanitizer identification score of respondents at the two time points. The test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.770 (p value < 0.01). Participants with post-graduate education were more likely to identify the falsified hand sanitizer compared to those with high school education. (p < 0.001). Conclusions This study developed and validated a new scale for the measurement of falsified hand sanitizer. This is expected to improve and promote collaboration between the health regulators and the public and hereby encourage customer satisfaction and participation.

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Internal Consistency and Test-retest Reliability of the Visual Memory Associative Test TMA-93

10.21203/rs.3.rs-31492/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

EMILIO FRANCO-MACÍAS ◽

Silvia Rodrigo-Herrero ◽

Andrea Luque-Tirado ◽

Manuel Medina-Rodriguez ◽

Eugenia Graciani-Cantisán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background: Memory tests focused on binding may be more sensitive to diagnose Alzheimer´s disease (AD) at an early phase. TMA-93 examines binding by pairs of drawings of semantically-related objects. Preliminary validation studies have confirmed good diagnostic accuracy for the test to discriminate between patients with cognitive impairment and healthy controls (HCs) in low-educated populations. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability) of the TMA-93ina clinic setting with a high proportion of individuals with low-educational attainment. Methods.-The study was undertaken in a memory clinic of a university hospital in Southern Spain. The internal consistency of the 10 items that compose the TMA-93 was estimated on a cross-sectional, case-control study. 35 patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and 40 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age, gender, and educational attainment were tested by the TMA-93. The participant’s performance on each of the 10 items was scored from 0 to 3, according to the instructions for the test (maximum total score= 30 points). The internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha. In addition, “split-half reliability”, by Spearman-Brown coefficient;“corrected item-total correlations”, and item redundancy, by “Cronbach’s alpha if item deleted”, were analyzed. The test-retest reliability for the TMA-93 total score was studied in 51HCstested by the same examiner 2-4 months apart and quantified by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results.-Internal consistency was “optimal” (Cronbach’s alpha=0.936). Split-half reliability was also high (Spearman-Brown coefficient= 0.911). The item-total score correlations were always above 0.660. No item was redundant as Cronbach’s alpha did not increase at deleting anyone. Test-retest reliability was “good” [ICC=0.802 (CI 95%=0.653-0.887)].Conclusion.-The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the TMA-93 are “good”. In addition to other psychometric properties, these results support the test for examining memory binding,particularly in contexts of low-educational attainment.

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Reliability and Validity of Data for 2 Newly Developed Shuttle Run Tests in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Physical Therapy ◽

10.1093/ptj/86.8.1107 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 86 (8) ◽

pp. 1107-1117 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Olaf Verschuren ◽

Tim Takken ◽

Marjolijn Ketelaar ◽

Jan Willem Gorter ◽

Paul JM Helders

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Treadmill Test ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

Level I ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Shuttle Run ◽

Gmfcs Level

Abstract Background and Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of data obtained with 2 newly developed shuttle run tests (SRT-I and SRT-II) to measure aerobic power in children with cerebral palsy (CP) who were classified at level I or II on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The SRT-I was developed for children at GMFCS level I, and the SRT-II was developed for children at GMFCS level II. Subjects. Twenty-five children and adolescents with CP (10 female, 15 male; mean age=11.9 years, SD=2.9), classified at GMFCS level I (n=14) or level II (n=11), participated in the study. Methods. To assess test-retest reliability of data for the 10-m shuttle run tests, the subjects performed the same test within 2 weeks. To examine validity, the shuttle run tests were compared with a GMFCS level–based treadmill test designed to measure peak oxygen uptake. Results. Statistical analyses revealed test-retest reliability for exercise time (number of levels completed) (intraclass correlation coefficients of .97 for the SRT-I and .99 for the SRT-II) and reliability for peak heart rate attained during the final level (intraclass correlation coefficients of .87 for the SRT-I and .94 for the SRT-II). High correlations were found for the relationship between data for both shuttle run tests and data for the treadmill test (r=.96 for both). Discussion and Conclusion. The results suggest that both 10-m shuttle run tests yield reliable and valid data. Moreover, the shuttle run tests have advantages over a treadmill test for children with CP who are able to walk and run (GMFCS level I or II). [Verschuren O, Takken T, Ketelaar M, et al. Reliability and validity of data for 2 newly developed shuttle run tests in children with cerebral palsy. Phys Ther. 2006;86:1107–1117.]

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