Training police for procedural justice: An evaluation of officer attitudes, citizen attitudes, and police-citizen interactions

2020 ◽  
pp. 0032258X2096079
Author(s):  
Mengyan Dai
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Police Training ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Citizen Attitudes ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Citizen Interactions ◽  
Officer Attitudes

This paper reports the findings of an evaluation of a police training program on procedural justice. The evaluation focused on the short- and long-term effects of the training on officers’ attitudes toward four principles of procedural justice (i.e., trustworthiness, neutrality, voice, and respect). The evaluation also assessed officers’ behaviors on the street and citizens’ interactions such as citizen demeanor and compliance with police requests. Finally, it assessed how the interacting citizens perceived the police. Taken together, the comprehensive data suggested that the procedural justice training was effective both immediately and in the long run. Policy implications are discussed.

Impact of Trade Liberalization on Income Inequality

2021 ◽  
pp. 412-426
Author(s):  
Dilara Ayla ◽  
Çiğdem Karış
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Per Capita

This study consists of trade openness in Turkey within the scope of the 1985-2018 period and examination of the cointegration and causality relationship between the Gini coefficient and per capita income levels. In this regard, per capita income, which is one of the economic welfare indicators, has been used as the control variable. ARDL boundary test models used in the analysis have been examined by forming two models in which both variables have been evaluated as dependent variables. Therefore, the short- and long-term effects of both variables on each other have been determined. The cointegration relationship tests performed within the scope of the ARDL boundary test in the first stage of the analysis showed that these variables act together in the long run. However, it has been determined that the trade openness ratio negatively affected income justice in the short and long term.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Manufacturing Exports

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Euis Eti Sumiyati
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Manufactured Exports ◽  
Positive Effect

This study aims to determine the factors that influence manufacturing exports in Indonesia. This study uses time-series data with 40 data observations starting from the 1st quarter of 2010 to the 4th quarter of 2019. This study's analysis method is the vector error correction model (VECM), which can dynamically describe the short-term and long-term effects. Export determinants to be examined are inflation, the rupiah exchange rate, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). This study indicates that inflation at lag 1 harms manufactured exports both in the short and long term. Furthermore, GDP has a positive effect on manufacturing exports in the short run at lag 1 and lag 2, while in the long run, GDP has a positive effect only on lag 1. Meanwhile, the exchange rate and FDI factors did not affect manufactured exports, both in the short and long term. This study implies that inflation and GDP are essential factors in designing policies to increase exports in Indonesia, including exports of manufactured products.

scholarly journals Intermediary performance of Islamic banks in the disruption era: Does it contribute to economic growth?

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Umrotul Khasanah ◽  
Ahmad Tibrizi Soni Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Vector Error Correction Models

The study aims to measure the intermediary performance of Islamic banks in relation to economic growth in Indonesia in the short and long term. There are four main variables used, namely financing, fund placement in BI (Central Bank of Indonesia), investment in securities, and third-party funds in all Islamic banks from 2007 to 2019. The data were tested using vector error correction models (VECM), Granger Causality, Impulse Response Function (IRF), and Variant Decomposition (VDC) to examine causality relationships, the short- and long-term effects, shocks, and variances in Islamic bank intermediary performance to economic growth. The results show that there is a two-way causality relationship between financing and third-party funds to economic growth. While in the short term, fund placement in BI, investment in securities, and financing have a significant influence on economic growth, but in the long run, only the placement of funds in BI will affect economic growth. Also, only fund placement in BI can shock and significantly contribute to economic growth in the long term. The overall intermediary performance of Islamic banks has not contributed to Indonesia’s economic growth in the long term.

Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation Reduced Tire Pressure Initiative

1997 ◽  
Vol 1589 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Davies ◽  
Tami F. Wall ◽  
Allan Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Short And Long Term

After examination of the research carried out by other agencies, Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation (SHT) embarked on an initiative to adapt low tire pressure technologies to the province's needs and environment. The focus of the initiative was to explore several technical questions from SHT's perspective: (a) Can low tire pressures be used to increase truck weights from secondary to primary without increasing road maintenance costs on thin membrane surface roads? (b) What are the short- and long-term effects of tire heating under high-speed/high-deflection constant reduced pressure (CRP) operations in a Saskatchewan environment? (c) What effects do lower tire pressures have on vehicle stability at highway speeds? To date, significant opportunities have been noted on local hauls (less than 30 min loaded at highway speeds) for CRP operation and long primary highway hauls that begin or end in relatively short secondary highway sections that limit vehicle weight allowed for the whole trip for central tire inflation technology. The background and environment for the initiative and the investigations and demonstrations envisioned and undertaken are briefly outlined.

The Neurobiology of Pain

2019 ◽  
pp. 387-414
Author(s):  
Maria Fitzgerald ◽  
Michael W. Salter
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Pain Pathways ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Age And Sex

The influence of development and sex on pain perception has long been recognized but only recently has it become clear that this is due to specific differences in underlying pain neurobiology. This chapter summarizes the evidence for mechanistic differences in male and female pain biology and for functional changes in pain pathways through infancy, adolescence, and adulthood. It describes how both developmental age and sex determine peripheral nociception, spinal and brainstem processing, brain networks, and neuroimmune pathways in pain. Finally, the chapter discusses emerging evidence for interactions between sex and development and the importance of sex in the short- and long-term effects of early life pain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document