scholarly journals Do We Live in a ‘Post-Truth’ Era?

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172110264
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Ahlstrom-Vij
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Information Effects ◽  
Times Series ◽  
Informed Preferences ◽  
Gun Laws ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
Series Study ◽  
Over Time

Have we entered a ‘post-truth’ era? This article is an attempt to answer this question by (a) offering an explication of the notion of ‘post-truth’ from recent discussions, (b) deriving a testable implication from that explication, to the effect that we should expect to see decreasing information effects – that is, differences between actual preferences and estimated, fully informed preferences – on central political issues over time and then (c) putting the relevant narrative to the test by way of counterfactual modelling, using election year data for the period of 2004–2016 from the American National Election Studies’ Times Series Study. The implication in question turns out to be consistent with the data: at least in a US context, we do see evidence of a decrease in information effects on key, political issues – immigration, same-sex adoption and gun laws, in particular – in the period 2004–2016. This offers some novel, empirical evidence for the ‘post-truth’ narrative.

Media Malaise and the Decline of Legitimacy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Van Aelst
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Political News ◽  
Negative Tone ◽  
Election News ◽  
Over Time

This chapter analyzes media malaise theories and their consequences for legitimacy. These theories argue that the increasing availability of information through new and old media and increasingly negative tone of media are to blame for declining legitimacy. The chapter examines these claims by providing a systematic review of empirical research on media and political support. It first investigates whether news coverage has become more negative over time, and then examines the micro process that might explain the link between media coverage and political support. Empirical evidence suggests that where coverage has become more negative, this occurred before the 1990s and has levelled off since, and is concentrated primarily in election news. Negative political news does have a modest impact on political support once controlled for level of education, but that effect can be positive and negative, depending on the medium, the receiver, and the indicator of political support.

scholarly journals Non-random associations in group housed rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Proops ◽  
Camille A. Troisi ◽  
Tanja K. Kleinhappel ◽  
Teresa Romero
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Rat Strains ◽  
Social Species ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEcological factors, such as predation, have traditionally been used to explain sociability. However, it is increasingly recognised that individuals within a group do not associate randomly, and that these non-random associations can generate fitness advantages. The majority of the empirical evidence on differentiated associations in group-living mammals, however, comes from a limited number of taxa and we still know very little about their occurrence and characteristics in some highly social species, such as rats (Rattus spp.). Here, using network analysis, we quantified association patterns in four groups of male fancy rats. We found that the associations between rats were not randomly distributed and that most individuals had significantly more preferred/avoided associates than expected by random. We also found that these preferences can be stable over time, and that they were not influenced by individuals’ rank position in the dominance hierarchy. Our findings are consistent with work in other mammals, but contrast with the limited evidence available for other rat strains. While further studies in groups with different demographic composition are warranted to confirm our findings, the occurrence of differentiated associations in all male groups of rats have important implications for the management and welfare of captive rat populations.

Letters to the Editors

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
Eric Monkkonen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Development ◽  
American Political Development ◽  
Local State ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Political News ◽  
Island Communities ◽  
Over Time

Samuel Kernell's article “The Early Nationalization of Political News in America,” in Studies in American Political Development: An Annual (1986), 1: 255–78, raises issues that are at once interesting and puzzling. He measures the number and length of all political articles in leading Cleveland newspapers through the middle decades of the nineteenth century in order to ask about the amount of newspaper attention paid to local, state, and national political issues. He observes that local issues were predominant only very early in the nineteenth century and that they declined quickly over time. Kernell concludes that politics nationalized far earlier than historians like Robert Wiebe had ever thought. Wiebe's “island communities” were gone by 1845. It is a clever piece of research of substantial significance.

scholarly journals Follow-up of the air pollution and the human male-to-female ratio analysis in São Paulo, Brazil: a times series study

BMJ Open ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. e002552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia ◽  
Mariana Matera Veras ◽  
Luis Fernando Amato-Lourenço ◽  
Fernando Rodrigues-Silva ◽  
Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Times Series ◽  
Human Male ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Series Study

THE EFFECT OF INDUSTRIAL REVITALIZATION IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ON INDUSTRIAL EXPORTS OF CHINA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
SIZHUO CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Difference Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Proxy Variables ◽  
Over Time

This study analyzes the effects of industrial revitalization in developed countries on China’s industrial exports. Using a rich panel dataset and a difference-in-difference method, I find empirical evidence consistent with the hypothesis that industrial revitalization policies in developed countries discourage China’s industrial exports, and these effects have become more apparent over time. This finding is robust to other proxy variables for industrial revitalization policies and robustness checks.

scholarly journals Moving a Mountain: The Extraordinary Trajectory of Same-Sex Marriage Approval in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 237802311772765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Gay Rights ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Marriage ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Election Studies

Most public opinion attitudes in the United States are reasonably stable over time. Using data from the General Social Survey and the American National Election Studies, I quantify typical change rates across all attitudes. I quantify the extent to which change in same-sex marriage approval (and liberalization in attitudes toward gay rights in general) are among a small set of rapid changing outliers in surveyed public opinions. No measured public opinion attitude in the United States has changed more and more quickly than same-sex marriage. I use survey data from Newsweek to illustrate the rapid increase in the 1980s and 1990s in Americans who had friends or family who they knew to be gay or lesbian and demonstrate how contact with out-of-the-closet gays and lesbians was influential. I discuss several potential historical and social movement theory explanations for the rapid liberalization of attitudes toward gay rights in the United States, including the surprising influence of Bill Clinton’s 1992 presidential campaign.

scholarly journals The Economic Impact of New Firms in Punjab

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (Sspecial Edition) ◽  
pp. 143-182
Author(s):  
Azam Chaudhry ◽  
Maryiam Haroon
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Firm Entry ◽  
New Firms ◽  
Socioeconomic Outcomes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Firm ◽  
New Firm Entry ◽  
Over Time

Despite the consensus that new firms have a significant economic and socioeconomic impact, there is very little empirical evidence to support this claim in the Pakistani context. In this paper, we start by looking at how new firm entry varies across districts in Punjab over time. We then look at how the establishment of different types of firms across these districts has affected district-level socioeconomic outcomes in the province. We find that firm entry has a positive impact on economic outcomes such as employment and enrollment, and that this impact can vary by the scale of the firms that enter.

scholarly journals Respecting Autonomy Over Time: Policy and Empirical Evidence on Re-Consent in Longitudinal Biomedical Research

Bioethics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E Wallace ◽  
Elli G Gourna ◽  
Graeme Laurie ◽  
Osama Shoush ◽  
Jessica Wright
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Over Time
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