A Cross-Cultural Study of Punishment Beliefs and Decisions

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Zhang ◽  
Chuansheng Chen ◽  
Ellen Greenberger ◽  
Eric D. Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Study ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
European Americans ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Scenario Method ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The current research examined cultural similarities and differences in punishment beliefs and decisions. Participants were European Americans ( N = 50), Chinese Americans ( N = 57), and Chinese in Mainland China ( N = 50). The Functions of Punishment Questionnaire was used to measure participants' beliefs about the retributive or deterrent functions of punishment and a scenario method was used to measure the extent to which punishment decisions were driven by individuals' concerns for retribution or deterrence. The results indicated that, contrary to the hypothesis that the retributive function would be emphasized by individualistic groups and the deterrent function by collectivistic groups, Mainland Chinese participants had a stronger belief in retribution and a weaker belief in deterrence than did European and Chinese Americans. The results also indicated that retribution played a bigger role in punishment decisions for Chinese than for the other two groups, but the importance of the deterrence function in punishment decisions did not differ across the three groups. Finally, the correlation between interdependence orientation and the belief in retribution was positive for Chinese but negative for European Americans. Taken together, the findings provided little evidence that collectivists are more deterrence-oriented and individualists more retribution-oriented.

A cross-cultural study on the use of gestures: Evidence for cross-linguistic transfer?

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMONE PIKA ◽  
ELENA NICOLADIS ◽  
PAULA F. MARENTETTE
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Behavior ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Linguistic Transfer ◽  
Spanish Bilinguals

Anecdotal reports provide evidence of so called “hybrid” gesturer whose non-verbal behavior of one language/culture becomes visible in the other. The direction of this gestural transfer seems to occur from a high to a low frequency gesture language. The purpose of this study was therefore to test systematically 1) whether gestural transfer occurs from a high frequency gesture language to a low frequency gesture language, 2) if the frequency of production of some gesture types is more likely to be transferred than others, and 3) whether gestural transfer can also occur bi-directionally. To address these questions, we investigated the use of gestures of English–Spanish bilinguals, French–English bilinguals, and English monolinguals while retelling a cartoon. Our analysis focused on the rate of gestures and the frequency of production of gesture types. There was a significant difference in the overall rate of gestures: both bilingual groups gestured more than monolingual participants. This difference was particularly salient for iconic gestures. In addition, we found that French–English bilinguals used more deictic gestures in their L2. The results suggest that knowledge of a high frequency gesture language affects the gesture rate in a low-frequency gesture language.

A cross-cultural study of behavioral inhibition in toddlers: East–West–North–South

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Rubin ◽  
Sheryl A. Hemphill ◽  
Xinyin Chen ◽  
Paul Hastings ◽  
Ann Sanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Study ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Laboratory Session ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
The Stranger ◽  
East West

The prevalence of behavioral inhibition in toddlers was examined in five cultures. Participants in this study included 110 Australian, 108 Canadian, 151 Chinese, 104 Italian, and 113 South Korean toddlers and their mothers who were observed during a structured observational laboratory session. Matched procedures were used in each country, with children encountering an unfamiliar stranger with a truck and a robot. Indicators of inhibition included the length of time toddlers delayed before approaching the stranger and the duration of contact with their mother while the stranger was in the room. Results were generally consistent with expectations and showed differences between eastern and western cultures; Italian and Australian toddlers were less inhibited than toddlers from the other countries, whereas Chinese and South Korean toddlers were more inhibited. The implications of these findings are discussed and a research agenda for further exploration of inhibition is outlined.

scholarly journals MAKNA BAHASA TUBUH: SUATU KAJIAN LINTAS BUDAYA 1945-1950

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Mileh I Nengah
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Formal Methods ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Analyze Data

This study is entitled "The Meaning of Body Language: A Cross-Cultural Study". In expressing thoughts and feelings through language uses words as a means. In addition, there are also languages that do not use words as a means of expression, this kind of language is called body language. Body language uses body movements as a means of expression. This study aims to find similarities and differences in body language from two countries, namely Indonesia and Japan. Observation methods and note techniques are used in data collection, descriptive methods are used to analyze data assisted by inductive or deductive techniques, while the presentation of the results of the analysis is using informal and formal methods. This study found several similarities and differences in the meaning of body language from two different countries, namely Indonesia and Japan.

Development of the Mexican organizational citizenship behavior: A cross-cultural study

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Gullekson ◽  
Sean D. Robinson ◽  
Luis Ortiz ◽  
Marcus J. Fila ◽  
Charles Ritter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Study ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Cross Cultural Study
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