PERUBAHAN BUNYI BAHASA PROTO AUSTRONESIA KE DALAM BAHASA JAWA DIALEK SUMATERA (KAJIAN LINGUISTIK HISTORIS KOMPARATIF)

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini berkaitan tentang kajian linguistik historis komparatif yang membahas tipe-tipe perubahan bunyi dari Bahasa Proto-Austronesia ke dalam Bahasa Jawa Dialek Sumatera. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yaitu dengan teknik rekam dan catat. Sumber data didapatkan dari informan yang merupakan penutur asli bahasa Jawa Dialek Sumatera. Kosakata yang diambil dari rekaman penutur adalah yang terdaftar di daftar swadesh. Pada perubahan bunyi bahasa proto Austronesia ke dalam Bahasa Jawa Dialek Sumatera berdasarkan posisi bunyi hanya ada enam perubahan dari tujuh perubahan yaitu metatesis, afresis, sinkop, apokop, protesis dan paragog. Kata kunci: Comparative Historical Linguistic

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE DIALECTS OF KAMBERA

Kambera language is a regional language used by speakers who live in the eastern part of the island of Sumba, in this case, East Sumba Regency. In previous studies, the claim stated by the researchers is that there is only 1 language spoken in East Sumba. However, the people of East Sumba, as native speakers, claim that there are several languages ​​used depending on the villages. This study aims to map these languages/dialects. This descriptive preliminary study is limited to make an inventory of basic vocabulary between 11 different locations determined based on the number of paraingu namely kabihu unions or ethnic clans in the past. The basic vocabularies are taken from Sawdesh 200-list and Leipzig-Jakarta 100-list. The combination of these lists results in 223 basic vocabularies which become the main data for this study. The data were collected through recording and note-taking.

SOCIAL SEMIOTIC IN COVID-19 PUBLIC SERVICES ADVERTISEMENT

The role of an advertisement in influencing people's perceptions and understanding has its own competence in the world of marketing. Advertising can be used as one of the most appropriate promotional tools in the introduction and understanding of a concept or an invitation to do something. The persuasive matter in this research regarding the importance of the role of the community in the Covid-19 pandemic conditions. Advertising products taken in this study are several public servicess about Covid-19 from several commercial and non-commercial institutions in Bali. The phenomenon of miss-interpretation and the mismatch of the desired meaning in an advertisement has a significant impact on the development of the Covid-19 case in Bali. The purpose of this research is to align the problem of conveying a meaning in advertisements for public servicess about Covid-19 which are often not understood by the public so that there is a misunderstanding between the wishes of the appellers and the understanding of the public's target. This study aims to: (1) describe the shape of the parts of the advertisement in the form of the title, text, and slogan contained in the public services advertisement regarding Covid-19, (2) describe the form of the relationship between signs and references in the form of markers and signs in the services advertisement. the public regarding Covid-19, (3) describe and provide an overview of suggestions regarding the role of the proper meaning in public servicess about Covid-19. The research design used a qualitative design collected from research subjects in the form of public services advertisements about Covid-19 collected from websites and print media in the form of visual media. The objects in this study are in the form of words, phrases, sentences, images, and colors in these advertisements. The research stage begins with the collection of public services data about Covid-19, then a picture of the correct meaning of the advertisement for public services regarding Covid-19 will be drawn up based on semiotics. The results achieved in this study were the addition of semiotic science variables in the design of public services advertisements regarding Covid-19 so as to provide an overview of the suitability between the application of semiotics and the practice of giving advice and servicess as outlined in advertisements. The exact match between the desires and the meaning to be conveyed can be well developed to avoid misunderstandings between the advocate and the target public. Another target to be achieved in this research is the development of language knowledge in a broader realm both in the world of non-profit advertising. Keywords: semiotics, advertising, covid-19, public, services

CHANGES OF VIEWPOINTS IN INDONESIAN-ENGLISH TRANSLATION

This study concerns with translation which involves languages that have different linguistic and cultural systems. When a source and target language do not have the same system of language and culture, to some extent, equivalence cannot be directly achieved. By deploying Vinay & Darbelnet’s Modulation (1995) and House’s translation equivalence (2015), this study is to reveal the changes of point of view the translators did in translating texts from Indonesian into English. The data sources of this present study include Indonesian novels and short stories loaded with culture and their English translations. The analysis revealed that to create adequate target texts, the translators changed their points of view through some conditions. The changes include: a) negation of opposite; b) part for the whole; c) abstract for concrete; d) cause for effect; e) active for passive; f) space for time; g) change of symbols; and h) intervals and limits. Changing point of view becomes cultural bridge in the translation which involves languages with different culture.

THE MEANING OF SIGNS IN “BREAST CANCER SURVIVOR’S FIRST HAIRCUT” ULTA BEAUTY ADVERTISEMENT

The meaning of signs in advertisements is very important to make it easier for the audience to understand the content and purpose of the advertisement. This study aims to discover the meaning of verbal and nonverbal signs and discover the meaning of verbal and nonverbal signs found in the "Breast Cancer Survivor’s First Haircut" Ulta Beauty advertisement. Verbal signs are about text, either words or sentences while nonverbal signs are about pictures. The data were taken from Ulta Beauty Company YouTube account. The data were collected by observation method. In the research there are several theories used to analyze the data, semiotic theory by Saussure (1983) was used in analyzing verbal and visual signs in advertisement. The second is the theory of meaning proposed by Barthes (1964) to analyze the meaning of signs which consist of two layers, denotation and connotation. The last is the theory of Wierzbicka (1996) to analyze the meaning of colors. The finding shows that both verbal and visual signs have denotative and connotative meaning. Verbal and visual signs are both supporting each other to emphasize the message of the advertisement and to convince people to do particular actions Keywords: meaning, verbal signs, visual signs, advertisement

FIGURATIVE MEANING FOUND IN QUEEN’S ALBUM

The phenomenon of miss interpretation and the mismatch of the desired meaning in a song's lyrics results in the wrong use of the song in an event. This study discusses the types of figurative meaning and their meaning related to each type. The data of this study were taken from the song lyrics of Queen’s album. Data were collected by analyzing base on the theoretical concepts and the data were analyzed using the observation method. Data were obtained from listening and reading the song lyrics repeatedly. Based on the result of the analysis, it was found that there are nine types of figurative meaning that are used in twelve songs from Queen’s Album. The figurative meaning that are used are metaphor, metonymy, overstatement/hyperbole, paradox, simile, symbol, synecdoche, euphemism, and idiom. Metaphor, metonymy, overstatement/hyperbole, simile, symbol, and idiom are the dominant type appeared the most with each 5 data, following by euphemism with 4 data, and the last are paradox and synecdoche with each 1 data. Thus, the total of all the data are 36 of the figurative meaning found in Queen’s album. Metaphor, metonymy, overstatement/hyperbole, simile, symbol, and idiom are the dominant typed found in the song lyric because Queen’s mostly uses substitutes and imagery in their songs.

THE DYNAMICS OF LANGUAGE ATTITUDES OF THE TEENAGERS AT DESA BUDUK, BADUNG TO BALINESE LANGUAGE

This research has the background of the phenomena of local languages claimed to decrease in numbers these decades. It aims to explore the dynamics of language attitudes of the teenagers at Desa Buduk, Badung and the factors causing the dynamics supported by using theory of Language Attitudes of Ladegaard (2000). The methods applied in this research included survey and participative observation. The results of the research show that the language attitudes of the teenagers to Balinese language are dynamic. The quantitative analysis indicates that 80% of them strongly agreed to the statements of cognitive language attitudes about Balinese language and its speakers. Then, 80% of them also agreed to the statements of affective language attitudes language concerning with preference in using Balinese language, but they disagreed the statements of greetings using other language than Balinese language and news on TVs and radios using other language than Balinese language and news. They also had positive for the statement in conative language attitudes concerning with the transfer of Balinese language to their children, but in that component of language attitude they were negative for statements about responses of using Balinese language only, admonishing people using other language, and switching off TV or radio using languages other than Balinese. The qualitative analysis of this research shows that most teenagers at Desa Buduk, Badung had positive language attitudes to Balinese language indicated by their behaviors using Balinese language. But, some high class teenagers showed the use of Indonesian language. The dynamics of the language attitudes of the teenagers at Desa Buduk, Badung to Balinese language by language loyalty, language value, and residential density.

PENGARUH PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP BUDAYA BOTRAM DAN MAKAN LALAPAN PADA MAHASISWA ITB SUKU SUNDA ASAL DAERAH TASIKMALAYA, JAWA BARAT

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the majority of sectors in Indonesia. One of them is in the cultural sector, especially the culture of the Sundanese community regarding botram culture and eating lalapan. This research was conducted to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on botram culture and fresh vegetables in the Sundanese people living in the Tasikmalaya area. The target of this research is ITB students who live in the Tasikmalaya area and are Sundanese people. This research was conducted using research methods through literature studies and online surveys. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant decrease in the amount of botram during the pandemic. Meanwhile, the culture of lalapan does not have a significant change, so it can be concluded that the pandemic has not affected the habits of the Sundanese people in consuming lalapan. Keywords: the COVID-19 pandemic; botram; eating lalapan; Sundanese society; Tasikmalaya

FONEM KONSONAN DAN VOKAL BAHASA BALI DI KABUPATEN TABANAN: KAJIAN DIALEKTOLOGI STRUKTURAL

This study aims to investigate the phonological variations of the Balinese language in Tabanan Regency and to map them. Observations were made in four villages, namely Bongan, Berembeng, Sanda, and Wangaya Gede. Data were collected by using interview and observation methods.The data are swadesh words spoken by the informants during the interview. The results obtained were that the phoneme /ə/ in the final open position has two realizations, namely [a] and [ə]. Each sound has a different area. [ə] found at the observation point 1,2,4 and [a] found at the observation point 3. The phoneme /e/ at the open end position has two variations, namely [e] and [ε], while the phoneme /o/ realized by [o] and [ɔ]. [e] and [o] were found at the observation point 1,2 4, while [ε ] and [ɔ] were found in TP 3. In addition, there was also difference in the realization of the /k/ consonant phoneme. The phoneme /k/ is realized by [k] and [?]. [k] was used in TP3, while [?] used in TP 1,2,4. In TP 1,2,4 there was not phoneme /a/ in the final distribution, while TP 3 has a complete /a/ distribution. Areas that have a complete phoneme /a/ distribution, [ə] would not be found in the final distribution. In areas where the phoneme /a/ has incomplete distribution, [ə] has a complete distribution there. [k] in the final distribution was unknown at TP3, but known in TP 1,2,4. Meanwhile [?] in the final distribution was known merely in TP 1,2,4 but not in TP 3. Keywords: phoneme; consonant; vowel; Dialectology

GAGURITAN DANGHYANG NIRARTHA KAJIAN NILAI-NILAI SOSIAL-RELIGIUS

This paper is a study about a literary work, Gaguritan Danghyang Nirartha (GDN), which is taken up from the book Sedjarah Danghyang Nirartha, wrote by Ida Bagus Putu Bek, printed by Pustaka Balimas (1961). This literary work is written in Balinese, in the form of a song (tembang). GDN told about a historical event of Danghyang Nirartha, who well known as a spiritualist in the Hindu religion. In about of his historical event, it told particularly when he was in Bali, where he had well come in the society. He met with Bendesa Mas in Mas village, and there Danghyang Nirartha purified two persons who became bhagawan (holy man), namely: I Bendesa Mas and Kiyayi Dauh Panulisan. And then he invited by the King to come to Gelgel palace, met the King of Gelgel. There Danghyang Nirartha got big honor from the King and appointed as a priest (bhagawanta) of the Kingdom. The purpose of this paper is to examine the literary work GDN, by looking at values: social-religious values, sociological, and moral values. In the sense of the theoretical approach, the content analysis model is used in this study, which is taken from Suwardi Endraswara (2003). As a result, in this study can be found some values: Hindu religion values, sociological values, and moral etic values, which are very useful to become better in the living of the society. Keywords: Bendesa Mas; Danghyang Nirartha; Waturenggong