Expanding PrEP Services for Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Persons Through Health Department Programs: Key Processes and Outcomes From Project PrIDE, 2015-2019

2022 ◽  
pp. 003335492110581
Author(s):  
Mesfin S. Mulatu ◽  
Jarvis W. Carter ◽  
Stephen A. Flores ◽  
Shaliondel Benton ◽  
Carla A. Galindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Transgender Persons ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Building Program ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

Objective: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) Implementation, Data to Care, and Evaluation (PrIDE) was a demonstration project implemented by 12 state and local health departments during 2015-2019 to expand PrEP services for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender persons at risk for HIV infection. We describe findings from the cross-jurisdictional evaluation of the project. Methods: We analyzed work plans, annual progress reports, and aggregate quantitative program data submitted by funded health departments (n = 12) to identify key activities implemented and summarize key project outcomes. Results: PrIDE jurisdictions implemented multiple health equity–focused activities to expand PrEP services to priority populations, including building program capacity, conducting knowledge and awareness campaigns, providing PrEP support services, and addressing barriers to PrEP use. Overall, PrIDE jurisdictions identified 44 813 persons with PrEP indications. Of these, 74.8% (n = 33 500) were referred and 33.1% (n = 14 821) were linked to PrEP providers, and 25.3% (n = 11 356) were prescribed PrEP. Most persons prescribed PrEP were MSM or transgender persons (87.9%) and persons from racial and ethnic minority groups (65.6%). However, among persons with PrEP indications, non-Hispanic Black/African American persons (14.9% of 18 782) were less likely than non-Hispanic White persons (31.0% of 11 633) to be prescribed PrEP ( z = −33.57; P < .001). Conclusions: PrIDE jurisdictions successfully expanded PrEP services for MSM, transgender persons, and racial and ethnic minority groups by implementing health equity–focused activities that addressed barriers to PrEP services. However, PrEP prescription was generally low, with significant disparities by demographic characteristics. Additional targeted interventions are needed to expand PrEP services, achieve equity in PrEP use, and contribute to ending the HIV epidemic in the United States.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Digital Divides in Posting COVID-19 Content on Social Media Among US Adults: Secondary Survey Analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Campos-Castillo ◽  
Linnea I. Laestadius
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Digital Divides ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

BACKGROUND Public health surveillance experts are leveraging user-generated content on social media to track the spread and effects of COVID-19. However, racial and ethnic digital divides, which are disparities among people who have internet access and post on social media, can bias inferences. This bias is particularly problematic in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic because due to structural inequalities, members of racial and ethnic minority groups are disproportionately vulnerable to contracting the virus and to the deleterious economic and social effects from mitigation efforts. Further, important demographic intersections with race and ethnicity, such as gender and age, are rarely investigated in work characterizing social media users; however, they reflect additional axes of inequality shaping differential exposure to COVID-19 and its effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize how the race and ethnicity of US adults are associated with their odds of posting COVID-19 content on social media and how gender and age modify these odds. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center from March 19 to 24, 2020, using a national probability sample (N=10,510). Respondents were recruited from an online panel, where panelists without an internet-enabled device were given one to keep at no cost. The binary dependent variable was responses to an item asking whether respondents “used social media to share or post information about the coronavirus.” We used survey-weighted logistic regressions to estimate the odds of responding in the affirmative based on the race and ethnicity of respondents (white, black, Latino, other race/ethnicity), adjusted for covariates measuring sociodemographic background and COVID-19 experiences. We examined how gender (female, male) and age (18 to 30 years, 31 to 50 years, 51 to 64 years, and 65 years and older) intersected with race and ethnicity by estimating interactions. RESULTS Respondents who identified as black (odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.64; <i>P</i>=.03), Latino (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.36-2.04; <i>P</i>&lt;.001), or other races/ethnicities (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02-1.72; <i>P</i>=.03) had higher odds than respondents who identified as white of reporting that they posted COVID-19 content on social media. Women had higher odds of posting than men regardless of race and ethnicity (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.39-1.80; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Among men, respondents who identified as black, Latino, or members of other races/ethnicities were significantly more likely to post than respondents who identified as white. Older adults (65 years or older) had significantly lower odds (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.94; <i>P</i>=.01) of posting compared to younger adults (18-29 years), particularly among those identifying as other races/ethnicities. Latino respondents were the most likely to report posting across all age groups. CONCLUSIONS In the United States, members of racial and ethnic minority groups are most likely to contribute to COVID-19 content on social media, particularly among groups traditionally less likely to use social media (older adults and men). The next step is to ensure that data collection procedures capture this diversity by encompassing a breadth of search criteria and social media platforms.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Digital Divides in Posting COVID-19 Content on Social Media Among US Adults: Secondary Survey Analysis

10.2196/20472 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. e20472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Campos-Castillo ◽  
Linnea I Laestadius
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Digital Divides ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

Background Public health surveillance experts are leveraging user-generated content on social media to track the spread and effects of COVID-19. However, racial and ethnic digital divides, which are disparities among people who have internet access and post on social media, can bias inferences. This bias is particularly problematic in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic because due to structural inequalities, members of racial and ethnic minority groups are disproportionately vulnerable to contracting the virus and to the deleterious economic and social effects from mitigation efforts. Further, important demographic intersections with race and ethnicity, such as gender and age, are rarely investigated in work characterizing social media users; however, they reflect additional axes of inequality shaping differential exposure to COVID-19 and its effects. Objective The aim of this study was to characterize how the race and ethnicity of US adults are associated with their odds of posting COVID-19 content on social media and how gender and age modify these odds. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center from March 19 to 24, 2020, using a national probability sample (N=10,510). Respondents were recruited from an online panel, where panelists without an internet-enabled device were given one to keep at no cost. The binary dependent variable was responses to an item asking whether respondents “used social media to share or post information about the coronavirus.” We used survey-weighted logistic regressions to estimate the odds of responding in the affirmative based on the race and ethnicity of respondents (white, black, Latino, other race/ethnicity), adjusted for covariates measuring sociodemographic background and COVID-19 experiences. We examined how gender (female, male) and age (18 to 30 years, 31 to 50 years, 51 to 64 years, and 65 years and older) intersected with race and ethnicity by estimating interactions. Results Respondents who identified as black (odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.64; P=.03), Latino (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.36-2.04; P<.001), or other races/ethnicities (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02-1.72; P=.03) had higher odds than respondents who identified as white of reporting that they posted COVID-19 content on social media. Women had higher odds of posting than men regardless of race and ethnicity (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.39-1.80; P<.001). Among men, respondents who identified as black, Latino, or members of other races/ethnicities were significantly more likely to post than respondents who identified as white. Older adults (65 years or older) had significantly lower odds (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.94; P=.01) of posting compared to younger adults (18-29 years), particularly among those identifying as other races/ethnicities. Latino respondents were the most likely to report posting across all age groups. Conclusions In the United States, members of racial and ethnic minority groups are most likely to contribute to COVID-19 content on social media, particularly among groups traditionally less likely to use social media (older adults and men). The next step is to ensure that data collection procedures capture this diversity by encompassing a breadth of search criteria and social media platforms.

Disparities in Service Use and Expenditures for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in California in 2005 and 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Harrington ◽  
Taewoon Kang
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

Abstract This study examined service use and expenditures for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) living at home and in the community in California in 2005 and 2013. The number of people assessed for IDD services increased, along with the percentage of individuals who did not receive any services between 2005 and 2013. Controlling for client needs, children age 3–21 were less likely than other age groups to receive any services using logistic regressions. All racial and ethnic minority groups were less likely to receive any services than were white populations. Females, younger people, and all racial and ethnic minority groups who received services had significantly lower expenditures, with wide geographic variations. The disparities by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and geography have persisted over time in California.

scholarly journals The Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Racial and Ethnic Minorities in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Bambino Geno Tai ◽  
Aditya Shah ◽  
Chyke A Doubeni ◽  
Irene G Sia ◽  
Mark L Wieland
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Medical Conditions ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minority groups, with high rates of death in African American, Native American, and LatinX communities. Although the mechanisms of these disparities are being investigated, they can be conceived as arising from biomedical factors as well as social determinants of health. Minority groups are disproportionately affected by chronic medical conditions and lower access to healthcare that may portend worse COVID-19 outcomes. Furthermore, minority communities are more likely to experience living and working conditions that predispose them to worse outcomes. Underpinning these disparities are long-standing structural and societal factors that the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed. Clinicians can partner with patients and communities to reduce the short-term impact of COVID-19 disparities while advocating for structural change.

scholarly journals Trends in age and red blood cell donation habits among several racial/ethnic minority groups in the United States

Transfusion ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1644-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Yazer ◽  
Ralph Vassallo ◽  
Meghan Delaney ◽  
Marc Germain ◽  
Matthew S. Karafin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Racial Ethnic
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