The Epidemiology of Enteroviruses

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Grist ◽  
Eleanor J. Bell ◽  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Coxsackie Virus ◽  
Enterovirus Infection ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Coxsackie Group

International and local Scottish data illustrate the epidemiology of enteroviruses in recent years. Polioviruses still predominate as causes of serious paralytic disease, except where controlled by vaccination and require continuing surveillance. Aseptic meningitis is the commonest reported illness due to enterovirus infection, but notable clinical manifestations of certain types (particularly coxsackie group A) involve the skin and mucous membranes and the respiratory tract. Gastrointestinal disturbance has been reported in some echovirus infections, and cardiac disease is particularly associated with group B coxsackie virus infections. Although most enterovirus infections are silent or trivial in severity, the trend towards periodic epidemicity of different enteroviruses involving older age-groups may entail the emergence of new disease problems of which heart disease may be one example.

scholarly journals Comparison of the clinical manifestations between different age groups of patients with overseas imported COVID-19

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243347
Author(s):  
Yujuan Han ◽  
Zujin Luo ◽  
Wenliang Zhai ◽  
Yue Zheng ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The current study investigated the clinical manifestations and outcomes of different age groups of patients with overseas imported COVID-19. In total, 53 COVID-19 patients admitted to the designated Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital between March 16 and April 15 of 2020 were included. Based on the percentage of disease aggravation during hospital stay according to CT, the patients were divided into two groups: ≤40 years (group A; n = 41) and >40 years (group B; n = 12). The demographic data, epidemiological history, disease courses, potential complications, clinical symptoms, lab indices, chest CT outcomes, treatment protocols and turnovers of the two groups were compared. According to clinical typing, compared with group A, group B had a significantly greater proportion of the common type of COVID-19 (P<0.05) and greater comorbidity of type 2 diabetes (P<0.001). The two groups presented significantly different lab indices. Group B showed significantly more frequent CT abnormalities, with greater proportions of multiple lesions and bilateral lung involvement (P<0.05). During hospitalization, group B had a greater proportion of disease aggravation according to CT (P<0.01). Compared with group A, group B received a significantly greater proportion of antiviral therapy and presented a significantly greater occurrence of adverse drug reactions (P<0.05). The two groups did not significantly differ in time from admission to clinical symptom improvement or from disease onset to negative outcomes according to nucleic acid testing, the appearance of IgG or the appearance of IgM. They also did not significantly differ in length of stay. Older imported COVID-19 patients, particularly those with type 2 diabetes, showed a broader pulmonary extent and faster development of the disease, more severe pathogenetic conditions and a greater risk of developing a critically severe type. Increased attention should be given to this population in clinical practice.

scholarly journals A six-year study of coxsackievirus B infections in heart disease

1974 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Grist ◽  
Eleanor J. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Acute Myocarditis ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Coxsackievirus B ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Bacterial Pericarditis ◽  
Group B ◽  
Coxsackie Group

SUMMARYVirological examination of 385 patients with suspected heart disease and 26 with Bornholmdisease over a period of 6 years suggested that Coxsackie group B virus infections were associated with at least half the cases of acute myocarditis and one third of the cases ofacute non-bacterial pericarditis. Complement-fixation tests revealed only a few cardiac illnesses associated with other infections (influenza and Mycoplasma pneumoniae). No evidence of infection was found in chronic cardiac disease.

Hypercoagulable State in the Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbit, an Animal Model for the Progression of Atherosclerosis

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (01) ◽  
pp. 140-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Mori ◽  
Hideo Wada ◽  
Yutaka Nagano ◽  
Katsumi Deguch ◽  
Toru Kita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Group A ◽  
Hyperlipidemic Rabbit ◽  
Group B ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

SummaryBlood coagulation in a strain of rabbits designated as Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits was examined. The activities of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, contact factors and clotting factor VIII (F VIII) and the fibrinogen level were significantly higher in WHHL rabbits than in normolipidemic rabbits (all age groups). Values for vitamin Independent clotting factor were already higher at 2 months of age. Contact factors and fibrinogen levels increased age after 5 to 8 months. F VIII increased between 5 and 8 months and then decreased. At 2 months of age, WHHL rabbits were divided into two groups. Group A was fed standard rabbit chow and group B standard rabbit chow containing 1% probucol. Probucol prevented the progression of atherosclerosis in group B in the absence of a significant reduction in plasma cholesterol level. F VIII and fibrinogen levels were statistically decreased in all rabbits at all ages in group B (P<0.05). These differences in clotting factors between the two groups were most obvious at 8 months (P<0.02).We conclude that vitamin K-dependent clotting factors may increase with hyperlipemia and that increases in F VIII and fibrinogen may be closely related to the progression of throm- boatherosclerosis.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

Histological Study of Human Thyroid Gland Relative Proportion of Parenchyma and Stroma in Thyroid Glands of Bangladeshi People

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Md Enayet Ullah ◽  
Hasna Hena ◽  
Rubina Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Connective Tissue Sheath

Deep cervical fascia forms a connective tissue sheath around the thyroid gland. Delicate trabeculae and septa penetrate the gland indistinctly dividing the gland into lobes and lobules which in turn composed of follicles.1,2,3 These follicles are structural units of thyroid gland which varies greatly in size and shape.4 The number of follicles varies in different age groups. The study was carried out to see the percentage of area occupied by follicles in the stained section of thyroid glands in different age groups. The collected samples were grouped as A (3.5 – 20yrs), B (21- 40yrs) & C (41 – 78yrs). Percentage of area occupied by follicles was (58.55±10.72) in group A, (63.79±12.35) in group B + (63.39±8.29) in group C.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v1i2.13981 Update Dent. Coll. j. 2011: 1(2): 17-20

Does body position, age, and heart rate induce IOP’s changes?

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110233
Author(s):  
Marcelina Sobczak ◽  
Magdalena Asejczyk ◽  
Malwina Geniusz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Effect Of Age

Objectives: The main goal of this research was to determine the differences between the values of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the supine and sitting positions, and to assess the effect of age and cardiovascular parameters. Methods: Seventy-two healthy adults were enrolled and classified into age groups: 20–30 years (group A), 31–40 years (group B), and 41–71 years (group C). Corneal biometry and cardiovascular parameters, such as heart rate (HR), were measured. IOP measurements were taken in the sitting position (IOPS) and in the supine position (IOPL) using the iCare® Pro tonometer. Results: A significant difference between the IOPS and IOPL in the entire cohort was found ( p < 0.001). Regarding the age subgroups, a significant difference ( p < 0.001) between the IOPS and IOPL was obtained in group A (2.6 ± 1.6 mmHg) and group C (1.5 ± 1.3 mmHg). There were no significant differences in the IOPS between groups. The highest IOP values were obtained for group A. The correlations between HR and IOPS are statistically significant for group A and group B, and for HR and IOPL-S for group B only. Multivariate analysis showed that HR has a significant influence on the difference in IOP in the two body positions. Conclusion: A statistically significant difference between the effect of age and the values of IOPS and IOPL was shown. Cardiovascular parameters showed some relevant statistical dependencies, but with a rather marginal significance in young people. The influence of body position for the measurement of IOP for healthy subjects does not seem to matter, despite the fact that there are some dependencies that are statistically significant.

scholarly journals Palmoplantar psoriasis: a comparative therapeutic study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Sathya Narayanan Rajendran ◽  
Sukanya Mathupal Gurusamy
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatosis ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Erythrodermic Psoriasis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Therapeutic Study

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Psoriasis is an immunologically mediated inflammatory dermatosis presenting with extremely variable clinical manifestations ranging from indolent lesions to life threatening forms of pustular and erythrodermic psoriasis. Palmoplantar psoriasis present as hyperkeratotic scaly plaques with fissures and can be managed with different treatment forms. This study was done to compare the efficacy between topical and systemic treatment options.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted in a tertiary level teaching hospital after ethical committee clearance. Fifty patients with palmoplantar psoriasis were allocated into the two groups using simple random sampling. PPPASI scoring was calculated to assess the extent of involvement. Patients in Group A were prescribed calcipotriol with clobetasol propionate ointment. Group B patients were given tablet methotrexate.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Twenty eight patients were males M: F of 1.27: 1. Mean age was 36. Mean duration of illness was eleven months. Most of these patients were manual laborers. 32 patients had lesions over both palms and soles, 9 over palms alone and 9 involving soles alone. Mean PASI reduction at 16 weeks was seen maximum with methotrexate. Compliance was comparatively good with methotrexate than topical. Though mean PASI reduction and compliance was good, relapse rates were higher with methotrexate in our study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There was no significant change in clinico-epidemiology and presentation of palmoplantar psoriasis. Methotrexate was observed to be the more efficacious modality in treating palmoplantar psoriasis.</p>

scholarly journals Genome-wide variations of SARS-CoV-2 infer evolution relationship and transmission route

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lehai Zhang ◽  
Shifu Wang ◽  
Qian Ren ◽  
Junjie Yang ◽  
Yanqin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractIn the epidemic evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the issues of mutation, origin, typing and the effect of mutation on molecular detection remain to be unrevealed. In order to identify the evolutionary relationship of SARS-CoV-2 and evaluate the detection efficiency of primers that are currently used in different countries, we retrieved genomic sequences of 373 SARS-CoV-2 strains from multiple databases and performed genome-wide variation analysis. According to the nucleotide C28144T variation, the SARS-CoV-2 can be divided into group A (117 strains) and group B (256 strains). The spike protein gene (S gene) coding region 1841 (total 23403) A1841G, formed a B1 subgroup (40 strains) in group B, of which 30 strains were from European and American countries in March (especially Washington, USA). These mutations are likely to be influenced by the environment or the immunization selection pressure of different populations. Although the mutation is not in the receptor binding region (RBD) and alkaline cleavage region, it may also affect the ability of transmission and pathogenicity; however, the significance is not yet clear. As the ratio of A / B strains in the epidemic months showed an increasing trend (0.35: 1 in January, 0.62: 1 in February and 0.76: 1 in March), it seems that the transmissibility of group A strains becomes stronger with time. Based on the variation of 11 nucleotide sites during the epidemic process, it is speculated that the Washington strain is more like an ancestor type, and the Wuhan strain is the offspring of the group A virus strain. By comparing the detection capabilities of primers in different countries, the SARS-CoV-2 nucleotide variation may only affect molecular detection of very few strains. The differences in the transmissibility, pathogenicity and clinical manifestations of different types of strains require further investigations.

scholarly journals CLINICAL STUDY ON SHIREESHADI AVAPEEDANA NASYA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SURYAVARTHA (FRONTAL SINUSITIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1654-1658
Author(s):  
Amarnath H K
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Frontal Sinusitis ◽  
Nasal Blockage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Group A ◽  
Foul Smell ◽  
Group B ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Nasya karma is considered a prime treatment modality in all types of Shiroroga (Headache) and also in Suryavar- tha (Frontal Sinusitis). Suryavartha (Frontal Sinusitis) is one of the 11 types of Shiroroga. It is one of the com- mon clinical conditions found in day to day general as well as Shalakya (ENT) practice. It presents with headache as one of its cardinal features and its occurrence is found in both genders and in all age groups. Objective: To study the efficacy of Shireeshadi Avapeedana Nasya in the management of Suryavartha (Frontal Sinusitis). Ma- terial methods: Twenty patients of Suryavartha (Frontal Sinusitis) were diagnosed and registered for the clinical study irrespective of sex, socio-economic status, and religion. The study was divided into two groups - Group A and Group B. Group – A patients were treated with Shireeshadi Avapeedana Nasya for 7 days and Group – B patients were treated by Nasya with milk for 7 days. Observation and result: Among 20 patients of Suryavartha / frontal sinusitis, 20 (100%) of patients had headache, 11 (55%) had nasal blockage, 05 (25%) had nasal dis- charge, 08 (40%) had foul smell in their breath and 14 (70%) have variations from normal X-Ray. The severity of headache is significantly reduced after treatment in both Groups A and B (92.95% and 73.07%) respectively. Conclusion: Administration of Shireeshadi Avapeeda Nasya showed statistically significant improvement in the management of Suryavartha (Frontal Sinusitis). Keywords: Suryavartha, Nasya, Shireeshadi Avapeedana Nasya, Frontal Sinusitis, Shigru, Mulaka, Ksheera.

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